阅读理解-科技类——2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项解析.pdf

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1、（3）阅读理解-科技类2022年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编1.【2022年全国乙卷，阅读C】Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,at the sametime,help railway operators save billions of euros each year?That is the very likely future of applyingtodays eyes in the sky technology to making sure that

2、the millions of kilometres of rail tracks andinfraslruclure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely thesame thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as

3、the correct positionofrailway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected,the more railway safety,reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be moreefficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in mainienance costs

4、 and better protection of railway personnel safety.Il iscalculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can bedangerous work that could be avoided

5、with drones assisting the crews efforts.By using the latest technologies,drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,detecting faults in the rail or switches,before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks,drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead.Engi

6、neers are now working on a new concept:the raildrones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train,and programmed to runautonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train couldguide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead,the

7、y could signal any problem,so that fast-movingtrains would be able to react in time.1 .What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones1 ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones reliable

8、performance in remote areas.2.What does maintenance underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.3.What function is expected of the rail drones?A.To provide early warning.B.To make trains run automatically.C.T

9、o earn profits fbr the crews.D.To accelerate transportation.4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB.How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways2.【2022年重庆高三模拟，阅读

10、C】For years,Apples business has centered around the iPhone,but sales of that once-revolutionary butnow commonplace device have slowed.And the entire world of computers has been flipped(翻动)on itshead.Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware,selling iCloud storage to its customers,a$10 a monthmusic

11、 streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.But Mondays concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level.Apple said itwas launching a lot of new services,from news to video games and a credit card.Its biggest project isentertainment streaming service Apple

12、 TV+.Apple is expected to invest many billions a year,according to analysts,on making video content tocompete in a crowded market that includes Amazon,Netflix,Hulu and Disney.The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carryaround and more and more in s

13、erver farms scattered around the world,where massive amounts of data getprocessed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.In fact,the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receivingdata.And in that area,Apple has fallen behin

14、d companies like Google,Amazon and Microsoft,which nowpull in significant revemis from selling cloud services,which is a fancy term for data center usage andstorage.The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply,HIts show time.*The question now is whether Apple canbreak a leg.1.Where does the magic o

15、f consumer technology come from?A.Streaming service.B.iCloud storage.C.Server farms.D.Video games.2.What does the underlined word revenue in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Income.B.Advertisements.C.Equipment.D.Games.3.What does the author tend to agree with?A.The sales of iPhone have been taking the le

16、ad in the world.B.Apple expects to develop many new functions in its phone.C.People are crazy about getting some new electronics in life.D.Apple provides a lot of new services for its consumers now.4.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Apples new efforts to compete against competitors.B.Electroni

17、cs will play important roles in technology.C.Some companies do better than Apple in technology.D.Apple is able to benefit a lot from its diverse service.3.【2022年辽宁大连一模，阅读C】Teachers are one of the professions least at risk of being automated.A job that requires emotionalintelligence and flexibility-i

18、n adapting lesson plans on the fly to a particular group of children,forexample-is not one particularly well-suited to robots.Artificial intelligence(AI),however,still deserves a role in the classroom.This is not as areplacement for teachers,but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in tr

19、ying to close the gap inachievement between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time,for instance.The principle of machine learning is to enhance humans existing capacities.The best AI appspromise to improve teachers knowledge of what their students need,how best they deliver th

20、e teaching,and which students require the most help-from a human teacherto keep up with their learning.Besides,poor and unequal schooling,leaving too many children behind,is one of the deepest roots of inequality andlow productivity.If AI can help target existing teaching resources better,the benefi

21、ts could be incalculable.Therefore,smart policy is urgent.There must be a focus on the teaching philosophy behind theprograms,as well as ensuring that any decisions made by machine learning are under human control.Ineducation,choices made by AI could set a direction for the rest of a child*s life.Th

22、ese may be common concerns about AI,but education is particularly sensitive-especially theownership and control of any data generated through the platforms.Schools,too,will need to preventteachers,who already have plenty of responsibilities,from also having to keep up to date with thousands ofapps.A

23、I belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind.1 .What role should AI play in the classroom?A.An assistant to help teachers.C.A machine to replace teachers.B.An aid to punish students.D.A tool to protect students.2.Which is the benefit of using AI apps in teaching?A.It tells wh

24、ich teacher needs the most help.B.It instructs teachers how to deliver speeches.C.It provides ways for teachers to make money.D.It helps balance the existing teaching resources.3.What matters most in Al teaching?A.Improving the humankind.C.Preventing teachers from using apps.4.What can be a suitable

25、 title for the text?A.The Popularity of E-Teaching AppsC.Rules for Bringing AI into the Classroom4.【2022年安徽安庆二模，阅读B】B.Setting a direction for education.Producing data through online platforms.B.The Application and Flexibility of AI.Approaches to Enhancing Teaching OnlineGetting computers to understa

26、nd human body language is no simple task.Lets break down the steps toget a good understanding of what your body language is saying.First,the computer needs to see.So,it needs a camera.But a computer doesnt see like we do,and itonly gets a stream of data from the camera.So,software first has to recog

27、nize the shape of a human body,and then map out the key points of our body.Some poor souls have to teach a computer what all of ourdifferent body parts look like in lots of different lighting conditions,and lots of different body types.But understanding that an image contains an elbow,a knee,or a fa

28、ce doesnt do much good.So,now thecomputer is paying close attention to our faces and our hands.Classifying emotions as body language andfacial expressions is literally in our genes,so it comes pretty easily.But computers need to see a ton of examples of any given kind of body language,then to be tol

29、d whatthat body language is or means,and then they can,over time,and with more and more examples,identifythat same or similar stance with that emotion.If Im a self-driving car approaching a crosswalk and I see an upheld hand in front of me,I can infer thehuman wants me to stop as they intend to cros

30、s the street.If I instead see that same human using the”movealong gesture,thats a strong indication that they would prefer me to continue on my journey instead ofwaiting.A car has just read your body language.1 .What is the most important for computers to understand human body language?A.A camera.B.

31、A stream of data.C.Software.D.A lighting condition.2.Why are emotions divided into body language and facial expressions?A.To encourage people to know about genes.B.To make computers watch emotions closely.C.To save the time of analysing a ton of data.D.To get computers to recognise them easily.3.Wha

32、t does the underlined word stance in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Attitude.B.Meaning.C.Behavior.D.Expression.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.How Computers Read Body Language B.When Self-driving Cars Will Be BomC.Why Emotions Are of Importance D.What the Unknown Future Ho

33、lds5.【2022年安徽马鞍山模拟，阅读D】Every time mask wearers cough,or make certain facial expressions,their face covering shifts-and a busyworker may not have time to recheck mask fit each time one of these movements occurs.This can cause anxiety,usays Josiah Hester,developer of FaceBit-a device that tracks a fac

34、e coverings fit and wear time,as well as itswearers vital signs.His colleagues who work in clinical settings have been communicating their concerns to him,saying,Give me something that can watch me because I dont have the time to take care of myself as Fm goingabout my clinical duties,taking care of

35、 this influx（涌入）of patients.And thats where it started,Hester explains.Rather than developing an entire usmart mask,which might be impractical to reuse,Hesters team created anelectronic device,a little larger than a quarter,that attaches to a face covering with a clip（夹子）and containsseveral sensors.

36、A pressure sensor detects leaks,indicating how well a mask is fitting.Pressure changes also let theFaceBit determine when the mask is over someones face,so it can record wear time.The FaceBit additionallymonitors heart rate and measures breathing rate.A Bluetooth connection send these data to a comp

37、anion phone app.The device is powered by a battery,charged with energy harvested from the mask*s motions as its wearer movesand breathes.A fit monitor could be very useful for health care workers wearing a mask all day,says Lisa Brosseau,aresearch consultant.But she is not convinced that FaceBit can

38、 consistently measure fit.Il has some promise,perhaps,but they have not validated it in a way that I would accept.1Hester plans to continue testing and improving the project.His team will distribute some FaceBits and letpeople use them,experiment and play with them.Other researchers will also be abl

39、e to improve the energy-harvesting components and extend the battery life.They could even add new sensors that would open up more usesfor such a device.1.Where did Josiah Hestefs inspiration to develop FaceBit come from?A.One of his patients.C.His personal experience.B.A research consultant.D.His co

40、-workers*request.2.How can a mask wearer get information from FaceBit?A.By checking the companion phone app.B.By reading the measurer on it.C.By communicating with a wearable recorder.D.By viewing the watch attached to it.3.What can we infer about Josiah Hesters project?A.It is of unlimited use.B.It

41、 is well received.C.It calls for cooperation.4.What is the purpose of the text?A.To share a clinical experiment.C.To recommend a smart face covering.6.【2022年云南高三模拟，阅读C】D.It has gained profits.B.To introduce an electronic device.D.To analyze risks of not wearing masks.Facebook has been actively worki

42、ng on virtual reality to build a VR Metaverse focused on onlinework.It recently launched a free version of Horizon Workrooms fbr the public to download and use.Horizon Workrooms is a VR tool that provides teams with a virtual space across VR and the web toconnect and work together.It is meant to pro

43、vide an immersive（沉浸式的）experience for teams workingremotely.Users will have to purchase the companys headsets and download the Workrooms app on their devices.Then they should follow the instructions to set up an account.Once the user registration is complete,usersfrom the team can sign up and create

44、 a new Workrooms team.They can also invite colleagues to theirexisting team.Then users can experience VR-powered meetings and connect with teammates in the samevirtual room.Every meeting room in Workrooms comes with multiple functions.You can capture notes,share linksand files,and chat with your tea

45、m while youre in a meeting.The web platform allows users to scheduleand share meetings while being able to store data with ease.The Workrooms will not use the work conversations or the materials used during meetings to makeprofit.Facebook also makes it clear that the company and even the third-party

46、 apps connected withWorkrooms will not be given access to the data used in the meetings.Virtual reality possesses the ability to transform the way we work.Its ability to allow for bettercooperation while bridging the gaps between the regular office setups and the remote working culturecould revamp t

47、he digital cooperation setups as we know them today.l.How does the author develop the first paragraph?A.By giving a definition.B.By presenting date.C.By making comparisons.D.By describing a scene.2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?A.How to benefit from Workrooms.C.How to get started with W

48、orkrooms.3.What can we infer about Workrooms?A.It has access to the data used in meetings.C.It offers the headsets to users free of charge.B.How to create a Workrooms team.D.How to set up a Workrooms account.B.It is built with safety and privacy in mind.D.lt makes profit from connecting with other a

49、pps.4.What does the underlined word revamp probably mean?A.Make changes to.B.Put an end to.C.Make room for.7.【2022年广东茂名高三模拟，阅读D】D.Draw attention to.Using the power of artificial intelligence（AI）,scientists have revealed new insights into the creation anddestruction of mass extinction.Contrary to con

50、ventional knowledge,their study suggests that largerextinctions are not always a form of creative destruction that allows new organisms（生物体）to radiateand evolve.Instead,it suggests that mass extinction is rarely associated with new species of radiation.Dr.Hoyal Cuthill,the lead study author from the