2021年北京市中考英语试题(解析版).pdf

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1、2021 年北京市中考真题年北京市中考真题英语英语姓名姓名_准考证号准考证号_考场号考场号_座位号座位号_考考生生须须知知1.本试卷共本试卷共 10 页页,共两部分共两部分,共共 39 题题,满分满分 60 分分,考试时间考试时间 90 分钟。分钟。2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上、选择题用在答题卡上、选择题用 2B 铅笔作答铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字签字笔作答。其他试题用黑色字签字笔作答。5

2、.考试结束考试结束,请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。请将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。第一部分第一部分本部分共本部分共 33 题题,共共 40 分。在每题列出的四个选项中分。在每题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。选出最符合题目要求的一项。一、单项填空一、单项填空(每题每题 0.5 分分,共共 6 分分)从下面各题所给的从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Marys birthday is coming.Weve decided to make a cake for _.A.himB.herC.

3、youD.them【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：玛丽的生日快到了。我们决定为她做一个蛋糕。考查代词辨析。him 他；her 她；you 你/你们；them 他们。根据“Marys birthday is coming.”可知，此处指Mary，女性，故选 B。2.Space Day of China falls _ April 24th every year.A.onB.byC.atD.in【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：每年的 4 月 24 日是中国的“航天日”。考查介词辨析。on 用在星期或具体时间前；by 到为止；at 其后加点钟等；in 其后加早中晚/月份/年份等。根据“April 2

4、4th”可知，此处加具体的时间，故选 A。3._ shall we meet for the picnic?At the school gate.A.HowB.WhenC.WhyD.Where【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我们野餐在哪里见面？在学校门口。考查特殊疑问句。How 如何；When 何时；Why 为什么；Where 哪里。根据“At the school gate.”可知，此处对地点提问，故选 D。4.Sam,_ I join you in the community service?Of course you can.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.need【答案】A【

5、解析】【详解】句意：Sam，我能加入你的社区服务吗？你当然可以。考查动词辨析。can 可以；must 必须；should 应该；need 需要。根据“Of course you can.”可知，此处请求对方允许，用 can，故选 A。5.The doctors worked for ten hours,_ nobody took a break.A.soB.forC.butD.or【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：医生们已经工作了十个小时，但是没人休息。考查连词辨析。so 因此；for 为了；but 但是；or 或者。根据前后句句意可知，“连续工作十小时”和“不休息”之间存在转折关系。故

6、选 C。6.The teacher is glad to see that Tony is _ than before.A.carefulB.more carefulC.most carefulD.the most careful【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：老师很高兴看到托尼比以前细心了。考查形容词比较级。根据“than before”可知，此处需用比较级，故选 B。7.Peter,what are you doing?Oh,I _ a report about national heroes.A.will writeB.am writingC.wroteD.have written【答案

7、】B【解析】【详解】句意：彼得，你在干什么？哦，我在写一篇关于国家英雄的报道。考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，使用现在进行时，故选 B。8.My parents and I _ trees last Sunday.A.plantB.will plantC.are plantingD.planted【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我的父母和我上星期天种树。考查一般过去时。根据“last Sunday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选 D。9.Lily,what do you usually do after school?I _ exercis

8、e with my friends.A.doB.didC.will doD.was doing【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：莉莉，放学后你通常做什么？我和我的朋友一起锻炼。考查一般现在时。根据“what do you usually do after school”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是 I，动词用原形，故选 A。10.Mr.Smith _ Chinese for two years.Hes much better at it now.A.learnsB.was learningC.has learnedD.will learn【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：史密斯先生学汉语已经两年

9、了。他现在做得好多了。考查现在完成时。根据“for two years”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，故选 C。11.Today,many winter Olympic sports _ even by children.A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.were enjoyedD.are enjoyed【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会项目甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“by children”可知，表被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选 D。12.Could you please tell me _?N

10、ext Thursday morning.A.when we visited the Capital MuseumB.when did we visit the Capital MuseumC.when we will visit the Capital MuseumD.when will we visit the Capital Museum【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观首都博物馆吗？下个星期四早上。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除 BD；根据答语“Next Thursday morning.”可知，对将来时间提问，故选 C。二、完形填空二、完形填

11、空(每题每题 1 分分,共共 8 分分)阅读下面的短文阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的然后从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中四个选项中,选择最佳选选择最佳选项。项。The Picture of PeaceWhen Mike was seven,he knew his dream was to be a photographer.He kept working on it for years.Recently,he was trying to take a picture of a sunset(日落)to enter the school _13_ co

12、mpetition.“Mom,it has been cloudy these days.I dont think I can get this picture!”Mike complained.“Why not use one of your photos on the computer?”suggested Mom.“I cantthe rules say the photos have to be taken with a traditional camera.We hand in a roll of film,it getsdeveloped(冲洗胶卷),and we _14_ one

13、 photo for the competition.”“Why is a sunset so important?”Mom asked.“The _15_ of the competition is peace,”Mike explained,“and I feel most peaceful seeing a sunset.”Zach,his six-year-old brother came out of the bedroom.“Hey,you want to take a picture of me?Look!”Heput both arms over his head.“Not r

14、ight now,”said Mike,laughing.That very afternoon,Mike felt excited when he saw clear skies.He carefully lined up his shot(镜头)andwaited _16_ till the sun reached the ground.“Thats it!Perfect!”he shouted cheerfully.The next morning,Mike noticed he could take one more picture to complete the roll of fi

15、lm,so he walked intoZachs room.Zach was _17_ quietly with a teddy bear under his arm.Mike didnt wake Zach up,andcarefully took a picture of him.Aweek later,Mike got the photos.The sunset picture was the one he was most _18_ to see.There itwas!It was as nearly perfect as Mike had expected.Then,he loo

16、ked through the other photos.Suddenly,he stopped.His eyebrows(眉毛)rose as he_19_ the photo of Zach.He looked back at the photo of the sunset,which seemed less perfect now.He_20_ the two choices.Finally,he decided to hand in the photo of Zach for the competition.13.A.violinB.tennisC.photoD.chess14.A.c

17、hooseB.collectC.describeD.design15.A.prizeB.topicC.resultD.purpose16.A.politelyB.bravelyC.hopefullyD.secretly17.A.playingB.readingC.writingD.sleeping18.A.afraidB.eagerC.surprisedD.confused19.A.studiedB.sharedC.copiedD.fixed20.A.changedB.offeredC.acceptedD.weighed【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.C17.D18.B19.A20.D【

18、解析】【分析】Mike 从小就梦想成为一名摄影师，一天学校组办摄影比赛，他希望用日落的照片参赛。之后无意间 Zach 的一张照片吸引了他的注意了，他改变了主意。【13 题详解】句意：最近，他尝试拍摄日落的照片参加校摄影比赛。violin 小提琴；tennis 网球；photo 照片；chess 象棋。根据“Recently,he was trying to take a picture of a sunset(日落).”可知拍摄照片是为了参加摄影比赛。故选 C。【14 题详解】句意：我们上交一卷胶卷，冲洗胶卷后选一张参加比赛。choose 选择；collect 收集；describe 描述；d

19、esign 设计。根据“.for the competition.”可知此处指选一张照片参加比赛。故选 A。【15 题详解】句意：比赛的主题是和平。prize 奖励；topic 主题；result 结果；purpose 目的。根据“The.of the competition is peace”可知此处介绍比赛的主题，摄影比赛通常都有一个主题。故选 B。【16 题详解】句意：他小心地调整镜头，满心希望地等着太阳到达地面。politely 礼貌地；bravely 勇敢地；hopefully 有希望地；secretly 秘密地。根据“Mom,it has been cloudy these day

20、s.I dont think I can get this picture!”可知 Mike 期待很多天晴天，终于等到了，所以抱有希望地等着。故选 C。【17 题详解】句意：Zach 搂着泰迪熊在安静地睡觉。playin 玩；reading 读书；writing 写；sleeping 睡觉。根据“Mike didnt wake Zach up,and carefully took a pictureof him.”可知 Zach 在睡觉。故选 D。【18 题详解】句意：日落的照片是他最渴望看到的。afraid 害怕的；eager 渴望的；surprised 惊讶的；confused 困惑的。根

21、据“Recently,he was trying to take a pictureof a sunset(日落)to enter the school photo competition.”可知 Mike 想用日落的照片参赛，所以渴望看到日落的照片。故选 B。【19 题详解】句意：在他研究了 Zach 的照片时眉毛上扬。studied 研究；shared 分享；copied 复制；fixed 维修。根据“He looked back at the photo of the sunset,whichseemed less perfect now.”可知他对比了两张照片，认真地研究下。故选 A。

22、【20 题详解】句意：他衡量了这两个选择。changed 改变；offered 提供；accepted 接受；weighed 权衡。根据“Finally,he decided to hand in the photo of Zachfor the competition.”可知最终 Mike 选择 Zach 的照片参赛，因此是经过仔细权衡的。故选 D。三、阅读理解三、阅读理解(每题每题 2 分分,共共 26 分分)阅读下列短文阅读下列短文,根据短文内容根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中四个选项中,选择最佳选项。选择最佳选项。AYoung Heroes

23、 for the PlanetNowadays,people around the world are working to help our planet.Check out how the four young adultsmade a difference.Saving PandasWhen Jack was 11,he started a group to teach kids about pandas.He also sold toy pandas to raise money toprotect pandas in danger.“I hope to encourage more

24、people to care about pandas,”Jack says.Growing RightKathy,14,set up an organization to educate people about growing right plant in right places.She also wrote abook to help people learn what plants are native to(本土的)their area.Creating EnergyAt the age of 12,Linda invented a machine called SuperE.It

25、 collects heat from fields to make electricity(电),Linda says her invention creates electricity in a way that is less harmful to the environment.Cleaning UpPatrick,13,joined the Ocean Heroes Camp last year.He started a project and picked up plastic waste aroundnearby lakes with his friends.The goal o

26、f the project was to fight plastic pollution.21.Who started a group to teach kids about pandas?A.Jack.B.Kathy.C.Linda.D.Patrick.22.How old was Linda when she invented SuperE?A.11.B.12.C.13.D.14.23.What was the goal of Patricks project?A.To fight plastic pollution.B.To protect pandas in dangerC.To le

27、arn about native plants.D.To use heat to make electricity.【答案】21.A22.B23.A【解析】【分析】现在世界上的人们都在努力保护我们的星球，本文介绍了四位正在改变世界的人。【21 题详解】细节理解题。根据“When Jack was 11,he started a group to teach kids about pandas.”可知，Jack 创办了一个组织去教孩子们关于熊猫的知识。故选 A。【22 题详解】细节理解题。根据“At the age of 12,Linda invented a machine called Su

28、perE.”可知，Linda 发明 SuperE 的时候 12岁。故选 B。【23 题详解】细节理解题。根据“The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.”可知，Patrick 项目目标是对抗塑料垃圾。故选 A。BWhen I was in the eighth grade,my class was assigned(指派)to be friends with the second-grade kids.I gotthis little girl named Shelley.The first time I saw her,sh

29、e was silent and cold.She was small for her age,and shedidnt play with the other kids in her class.I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me.I bought her toys,crayons and candies.But try as I might,nothing worked.One time,I gave her a coloring book and said,“Shelley,now you can color at a

30、ny time.”Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me,and finally looked away.By that,I didnt knowhow I was going to get through to the little girl,but I knew I wouldnt give up on her.One Friday,I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.I told her that I felt lonely when I was

31、 with myclassmates,and how I thought only my teachers liked me.I also told her that every day was a battle(战役)for meand I fought back tears so people wouldnt know how much I was hurting.She sat there just listening,trying to decide whether I was lying or not.Finally,when my story ended,therewere tea

32、rs in her eyes.And then she did the unthinkable.She said,“Thank you.”From then on,Shelley was adifferent little girl.She started smiling and talking with other kids.Looking back at this,Im in awe(惊叹),because all I did was to help her realize that she wasnt alone.I didntask her to tell her story,beca

33、use her story is my story.24.What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her?A.Cold.B.Lazy.C.Noisy.D.Slow.25.In order to get through to Shelley,the writer _.A.wrote her a bookB.made her a toyC.drew her a pictureD.told her a story26.Shelley changed a lot because she realized that _.A.her teachers

34、 loved herB.her classmates were kindC.the writer understood herD.she had to study even harder【答案】24.A25.D26.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者帮助一个不爱讲话的女孩 Shelley 变得更加开朗的故事，作者惊叹于Shelley 的改变，因为作者认为自己所做的就是让 Shelley 知道自己并不孤单。【24 题详解】细节理解题。根据“The first time I saw her,she was silent and cold.”可知，作者第一次见到 Shelley 时，她沉默

35、而冷漠。故选 A。【25 题详解】细节理解题。根据“By that,I didnt know how I was going to get through to the little girl,but I knew I wouldntgive up on her.”和“One Friday,I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.”可知，为了接近 Shelley，作者给她讲了一个故事。故选 D。【26 题详解】推理判断题。根据“Finally,when my story ended,there were tears in her eye

36、s.”，“From then on,Shelley was adifferent little girl.She started smiling and talking with other kids.”和“I didnt ask her to tell her story,because herstory is my story.”可知，Shelley 改变了很多是因为她意识到作者理解她。故选 C。CSchool Gardens Could Help Children Try More VegetablesIts not always enjoyable for children to ea

37、t vegetables.But what if a garden is built in the school?Newresearch suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase childrens vegetable intake(摄入量).How the Study Was Carried OutThe study was carried out in eight schools.Each school was in the gardening program for one school year.Every ch

38、ild in grades 3-5 received a total of eighteen 60-minute lessons across the school year.In the program,each school built a garden,where children learned to grow their own fresh produce,like fruit and vegetables.The Benefits Children Could GetThe study found that vegetable intake if the children who

39、grew their own produce increased greatly across theyear.Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronicdiseases(慢性疾病).Not only are there benefits to health,increasing the variety of vegetables children areexposed(接触)to may also make mealtimes much

40、easier.”Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetablesare more likely to try new foods,”explains Dr.Kerry Jones.For children,growing their own food is a powerful toolto increase their intake of the food.28Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful.“If children are

41、 learning aboutvegetables at school,its important to encourage this interest,”says Jones.Parents can listen to their children aboutwhat they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school.Parents and children can also readbooks together.Younger children can enjoy reading stories abou

42、t vegetables with parents who offer usefulmessages.Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cookvegetables in a tasty way.Besides,a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children tounderstand more about where their food comes fro

43、m.Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce.Ifchildren are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life,they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.27.What did children do in the gardening program?A.They did research on new

44、 plants.B.They grew fresh produce at school.C.They took home green vegetablesD.They built gardens for their classes.28.Which of the following would be the best heading for Paragaph4?A.Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at HomeB.Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at HomeC.Reasons Why Parents Shou

45、ld Understand ChildrenD.Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents29.What can we learn from the program?A.Parentssupport might improve childrens reading.B.School programs could develop studentscreativity.C.Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.D.Hands-on experience may influe

46、nce childrens preference.【答案】27.B28.B29.D【解析】【分析】本文介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。【27 题详解】细节理解题。根据“In the program,each school built a garden,where children learned to grow their own freshproduce,like fruit and vegetables”可知，在该项目中，每一所学校都建了一个花园，孩子们在那里学会种植自己的新鲜农产品，故选 B。【28 题详解】句意猜测题。根据“Any opportunity to expose

47、 children to more vegetables is meaningful”及整段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了从不同方面鼓励孩子们多吃蔬菜的方法，故选 B。【29 题详解】推理判断题。根据“Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for theproduce”可知，教孩子们自己种植农产品是增加他们对农产品偏好的一个很好的方法，所以实践经验可能会影响孩子的偏好，故选 D。DNature and culture are often seen as oppo

48、site ideas.What belongs to nature cannot be the result of humanactivities and on the other hand,cultural development is achieved against nature.However,this is not the onlyopinion on the relationship between nature and culture.Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture,whether taken a

49、s an effort against nature or a natural effort,is part of the development of the human species(物种).Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争)against human nature.We are bornwith wild natures,such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly.Education us

50、es culture as away to get us out of our widest natures;it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应),progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.Over the past century and a half,however,studies in the history of human development have shown that theformation of