2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit1_外语学习-英语学习.pdf

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1、Unit 1 The Power of Language I.New words and expressions New words 1.critical adj.有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的 2.non-fiction n.纪实文学 3.position n.观点；态度；立场 4.statement n.说明；说法；表态 5.question v.表示疑问；怀疑 out of question/out of the question 6.evaluate v.估计；评价；评估 7.context n.事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉 8.value n.values pl.是非标准；价值观

2、 valuable invaluable=priceless valueless 9.represent v.描述；表现 representative adj./n.10.assertion n.明确肯定；断言 11.sufficient adj.足够的；充足的 sufficiency 欢迎下载 2 insufficient 12.statistic n.statistics pl.统计数字；统计资料 13.integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体 14.authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/the authority on sth.authorize pare v.比较；对

3、比 compare A with B compare A to B 16.subject n.主题；题目；题材 17.consistent adj.相符的；符合的 18.inconsistency n.不一致 19.assumption n.假定；假设 20.case n.具体情况；事例 in case in case of fire in case that a case in point confirmed/suspected cases 21.directly adv.直接地；径直地 22.identify v.找到；发现 23.valid adj.符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 境来龙去脉

4、是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使

5、 欢迎下载 3 validity n.有效性，正确（性）invalid 24.credible adj.可信的；可靠的 incredible=unbelievable 25.landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 26.relevant adj.紧密相关的；切题的 relevancy n.关联；恰当 irrelevant 27.current adj.现时发生的；当前的 28.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的 inappropriate Its(not)appropriate that.29.bias n.偏见；偏心；偏向 30.considerably adv.非常；很

6、；相当多地 consider considering considerable considerate consideration 31.Democrat n.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民 32.Republican n.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者 33.reflect v.显示；表明；表达 境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示

7、表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 4 34.informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 well-informed ill-informed Phrases and Expressions 1.apply to 使用；应用 2.put forth 提出；产生 3.take into account 考虑

8、到；顾及 4.accept/take at face value 相信表面；信以为真 5.with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地 II.Text Learning Critical Reading(1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading.It involves more than just（不只是，不

9、仅仅是）understanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1.Critical reading applies to non-fiction wr

10、iting in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement.境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是

11、代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 5 apply to sb./sth.=be applicable to sb./sth.apply 的派生词：application,applicant,applicable Consider the context of what is written.You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultura

12、l context than yours.(2)Or,you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.(3)In either case,you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.本部分重点及难点：2.Or,you may be reading somet

13、hing written some time ago in a different time context than yours.some time 注意区分：sometime/sometimes/some times 3.In either case,you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。those

14、 是代词，代替前面的复数名词 values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.The price of that book is higher than that of

15、 this one.境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的

16、用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 6 请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】1.The necklace her sister is wearing is much more beautiful than _ worn by Mary.A this B that C these D those【答案】B【解析】本题考查指代词 those/that 的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用 those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用 that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词 necklace，故选 A。此处 that 也

17、可以换成 the one。【知识点】指代词 those/that 的用法 Question assertions made by the author.Dont accept what is written at face value.Before accepting what is written,be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for facts,examples,and statistics that provide support.（承上句）Also,

18、look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.(4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies,carefully evaluate the support the author pro

19、vides for the inconsistencies.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请

20、认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 7 4.Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.be consistent with 与一致 consist vi.组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The beauty of the plan c

21、onsists in its simplicity.This doesnt consist with what you told me earlier.这和你先前告诉我的不符合。consist 的派生词：consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency 请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】2.To tell you the truth,I really hope that your actions will consist _ your words this time.A of B in C at D with【答案】D【解析

22、】本题考查 consist 的用法。consist of 意为 由组成；consist in 意为 在于；consist with 意为 与一致，故选 D。consist at 不存在。该句的意思是 说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致。【知识点】consist 的用法 境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用

23、应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 8 Analyze assumptions made by the author.(5)Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.In many cases,the authors

24、 assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句）Once you identify an assumption,you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses.In doing this,be certain that the sources are credible.For e

25、xample,Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句）Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state,be sure that the

26、sources are current（启下句）.For example,studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias.(6)A written discussion of American politics willlikely look considerably different d

27、epending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.(7)What is written may very well reflect a biased position.You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with a grain of salt.By being a critical reader,you will become better informed and may ch

28、ange your views as appropriate.本部分重点及难点：5.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑

29、到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 9 whatever 引导的是表语从句，不能换成 no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，疑问词 ever 不能换成 no matter+疑问词，状语从句中可以换用。例如：Whoever comes to our party is welcome.（不能换成 no matter who）

30、He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help.(不能换)He will buy whatever his son wants.（不能换）Whatever you do,I will support you.(能换成 no matter what)6.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.

31、likely 在该句中是副词 likely adj./adv.be likely to do sth.Its likely that a likely result Profit will most likely have risen by about?2 million.利润极可能增加 200 万英镑左右。（副词）likely 的派生词：unlikely,likelihood。例如：The likelihood of infection is minimal.感染的可能性极小。7.What is written may very well reflect a biased position.

32、a biased position be biased to/toward(s)/against 反义词：unbiased III.部分练习讲解 境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替

33、前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 10 P111 Bridging the Gap Directions:Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage.You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解题方法：把词分类 动词 名词 形容词 副词 define action powerful internall

34、y express tears personal shape shape good respond to Language is one of the things that sets us apart as beings,one of the things that essentially 1 defines us as humans.When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others,motivate others to 2 action and define the nature of our rela

35、tionships.Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two words or a certain phrase can bring 3 tears to the eyes,call up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply.We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion,used for 4 good or ill-depending on your viewpoint.When we use langua

36、ge to 5 express our true feelings to someone it can open and deepen the connection between us.Language is a very 6 powerful tool.How we use language shapes our world both 7 internally and externally.How you use self-talk-what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly 8 shape s（

37、塑造，使成形）your experience of both yourself and the world.How you deliver communication shapes the way the world 9 responds to you.We can use language more effectively in both spheres:internal and external and 境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑

38、的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 11 directly influence the health and power of our 10 personal relationships and our

39、 business relationships.I.New words and expressions New words 1.confidence n.自信心；把握 相关词：confident be confident of sb./sth.have/lose confidence in sb./sth.注意比较：confident/confidential 2.program v.训练；培养 3.mastery n.控制；驾驭 4.destiny n.命运；天命；天数 5.dramatically adv.巨大地；惊人地；显著地 6.quality n.质量；品质 7.subconscio

40、us adj.下意识的；潛意识的 8.please v.使满意；使愉快 mand n.（给人或动物的）命令 10.knowingly adv.故意地；蓄意地 11.impact n.巨大影响；强大作用 12.matter v.事关紧要；有重大影响 13.confident adj.自信的；有自信心的 14.sense n.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识 境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党

41、员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 12 15.eliminate v.排除；清除；消除 eliminate all grammatical mistakes be eliminated in the first round 16.disempower v.剥夺

42、；使失去权利；剥夺力量 注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power en-/em-常见的动词前缀，如：enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge 等。empower v.授权，赋予权利 17.self-esteem n.自尊（心）18.limit v.限制；限定 区分两个名词 limit 和 limitation。There is a limit/are limits to ones life.There is no limit/are no limits to knowledge.Everyone has his own limitations.19.in

43、finite adj.极大的；无法衡量的 相关词：finite,finitely,infinitely 20.stifle v.压制；扼杀；阻止 21.creativity n.创造力 相关词：create,creation,creator,creative,creatively 22.internal adj.内心的；头脑中的 23.insignificant adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的 相关词：significant,significance,significantly,insignificance monly adv.通常；常常 境来龙去脉是非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足

44、的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使 欢迎下载 13 25.alternativ

45、e n.可供选择的事物，替代物 have no alternative but to do sth.Is there any alternative to going to the cinema?26.fabulous adj.极好的；绝妙的 Phrases and Expressions 1.carry out 完成（任务）2.be up to 取决于 3.have an impact on/upon 对产生巨大影响 4.rub out 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）5.be in control of 掌管；管理；控制 II.Text Learning The Language of Confide

46、nce 1 The language we use programs our brains.Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies.It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest

47、 effect on our subconscious mind,which is like a child,and it doesnt really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine.(1)It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.Try 境来龙去脉是

48、非标准价值观描述表现明确肯定断言足够的充足的统计数字统计资料使合并成为一体专家学术权威泰斗比较对比主题题目题材相符的符合的不一致假定假设具体情况事例直接地径直地找到发现符合逻辑的合理的确凿的 恰当的偏见偏心偏向非常很相当多地美国民主党党员民主党支持者民美国共和党党员共和党支持者显示表明表达欢迎下载有学问的有见识的使用应用提出产生考虑到顾及相信表面信以为真有保留地持怀疑态度地不只是不仅仅是启下 态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同是代词代替前面的复数名词代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用例如欢迎下载请认真答题答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩单选题答案解析本题考查指代词的用法英语句子中为了避免重复常使

49、欢迎下载 14 3 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us.If someone says,Ill try to do that you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it,and may not even do it at all.(2)How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you?Do you say

50、 Ill try to be more confident or Ill try to do that or Ill try to call?4 Think about something that you would like to achieve,and say it to yourself in two different ways.Firstly say,Ill try to and notice how you feel.Next say,I will do and see how you feel.5(3)The latter makes you feel better than