高三英语教材词汇用法同步详解（含近义词辨析及例句）.pdf

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1、高三英语教材词汇用法同步详解Unit Oneabandon vt.go away from（a person or thing or place）not intending to return;desert 放弃，抛弃词组 abandon one home 离弃家园abandon ones wife 遗弃妻子an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子abandon ones research fbr lack of funds 由于缺乏资金放弃abandon oneself to 沉溺于ability n.capacity or power to do something physica

2、l or mental 能力词组 to the best of ones ability 尽自己最大努力例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others.我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力able adj.having knowledge or skill;capable 有能力的，能干的 反义词：unable词组 be able to dobe capable of 有能力做某事辨析 able capable两个都指“有才能的，able所指的意义，高过capable 一级，如 an able m an能应付各种事情的人（指非常的

3、），而 a capable m an能应付自如的人（指寻常的）；capable也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出来。aboard adv.prep,on or into a ship,an aircraft,a train or a bus 在 船（或飞机，车）上；上船，登机，在 船（或飞机，车）上词组 go aboard 上 船（飞机）welcome aboard 请 上 船（飞机）about prep,on the subject of（sb/sth）;concerning or regarding 关于；around在周围；在各处；大约adv.（indicating position

4、,state,etc）here and there in（a place）各处，周围词组 be about to 刚要；正准备例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain.他刚要离开，这时开始下雨了。How about.?What about.?关于怎么样？How about going to watch a football gam e?去看足球赛怎么样？辨析 be to do be going to do be about to dobe to do 表示计划或安排要做的事；be going to do表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事；b

5、e about to do表示某时突然想要做某事或表示过去刚要做某事时另一件事发生了,这时常与when词组连用。例 J 句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday.这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th.二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang.我刚要出门，这时门铃响了。above prep,higher than

6、 something 在.上面；高于；超过 反义词：belowadv.在上面词组 above all 最重要的是above average 超过平均水平as indicated above 如上所示above-mentioned 上述的absent adj.not present 缺席，心不在焉 反义词 presentN.fml to keep oneself away（正式）缺席，不在词组 be absent from 缺席 be present at 出席absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression 茫然的表情in the absence of=in ones

7、 absence 有谁不在场in the presence of=in ones presence 有谁在场展开 absence n.反义词 presenceabsolute plete,total十足的，道地的；绝对的，完全的词组 an absolute idiot 十足的傻瓜absolute power 绝对的权利展开 absolutely adv.完全地；极其absorb vt.take sth in;include sth/sb as part of itself吸收；接受；把并入；吸 引（注意力，精力等）词组 be absorbed in 全神贯注于（同）be lost in;con

8、centrate ones attention/mind onfocus ones mind/attention onabstract adj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence抽象的 反义词：concretean abstract noun 抽象名词n.摘要，梗概词组 in the abstract抽象地说，一般地说accept v.take（sth offered）willingly 接受，认可 adj.acceptable 可以接受的辨析 receive表示

9、收到“，而 accept表示“接受，其反义词为refuseI received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it.昨天我受到了他的邀请，但是没有接受。a d m it表示“接纳”，“吸收”某人加入某一组织，团体等Soon he was admitted to British citizenship.不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。access n.means of approaching or entering（a place）通道；opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近

10、；接近的机会；享用权词组 a man of easy access 容易接近的人have access to 可以到达（进入）；能够使用（接近）例句 The only access to that building is along the muddy track.进入那幢大楼的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.只有几个人可以获取这个案例的全部事实。展开 accessible ad j.容易接近，得到或使用accident n.event that happens unexpect

11、edly and causes damages,injury,etc.意外事件，事故词组 a traffic accident 交通事故by accident 偶然（同）by chance accidentally（反）on purpose例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然。展开 accidental adj.偶然的accompany vt.to go with,as on a journey 陪伴，陪同;to happen or exist at the same time 伴随，和一起发生；to make supportin

12、g music for 为伴 奏（或伴唱）例句 I was accompanied to the airport by my w ife.妻子陪我到机场。Suffering accompanied war.灾难总是伴随着战争一起。He sang a folk song,accompanied by his wife at the piano.他唱了一首民歌，他妻子钢琴伴奏展开 company n.陪伴 keep pany 陪伴accomplish v.to succeed in doing;finish successfully;perform 实行，完成词组展开辨析accomplish on

13、es purposeaccomplish nothingaccomplish wondersan accomplished young ladyaccomplished adj.熟练的,达到目的一事无成创造奇迹多才多艺的少女已完成的，有教养的accomplish complete finish achieve fulfilaccomplish指通过努力完成（某一任务，使命），取 得（成就），达 到（目的）等complete一 较 accomplish更具体，指把建筑，工程，书籍等完成finish 指完成“常琐事，接动名词作“结束”讲，而 complete则不能如此。另 外,finish指消极性

14、的“完成”辨析：I have finished the book,我已读完这本书了。I have completed the book.我已写完这本书了。fulfil完 成（计划，任务），达 到（目的），强调的是对预期的或保证过的事情圆满完成，达到预想的目的和要求。I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions.我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。展开 achieve指排除困难，完成伟大功业，取得成就。according adv.按照；根据词组according to 根据accordingly adv.相应地account n.a written or

15、spoken report;description t己述，描述，报告n.a record or statement of money received and paid out,as by a bank or business,esp.for a particular period or at a particular date 贝 长，帐户n.解释，说明vi.account for 说明的原因，是的原因vi.account for(在数量，比例方面)占词组give an account of 叙述；报告pay ones account 付帐keep accounts 记 贝 长on acc

16、ount of 由于；因为on no account 决不take.into account=take account of=take into consideration 考虑of no account 不重要的on account 以赊帐方式展开accountant n.会计人员accuse词组v.to charge(someone)with doing wrong or breaking the law;blame 指责accuse sb.of sth.=charge sb.with sth.控告某人the accused 被告the accuser 原告展开accusation n.指

17、责，控告accustomed adj.being in the habit of;used to 习惯于;regular,usual通常的，惯常的词组 表示“习惯于”be(get,become,grow)accustomed tobe(get,become,grow)used to（变得）习惯于adapt oneself toadjust oneself to使自己习惯于accustom oneself to例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up.这是她惯常的起床时间achen.a continuous pain 疼痛vi.to have or suf

18、fer a continuous dull pain 疼痛，酸痛合成词toothache牙疼headache头疼stomachache胃疼辨析 achepain hurtache指一种辨析持久的疼痛，或因小病或失调引起的感觉I have an ache in my stomach.我胃疼。He is aching all over.他浑身痛。pain指人体感到不舒服，是一般用语，可指身体或精神方面的痛I have a sharp pain in the neck.我的颈部痛得很。hurt指身体或精神的伤害，指“疼痛”时,为不及物动词What you have said hurt her.你说的

19、伤到她了。My fingers still hurt now.我的手指还在痛。achieve vt.to finish successfully(esp.something,anything,nothing)完成，实现，达至Uv i.成功词组 achieve ones aimachieve nothingachieve successachieve a general increase in production辨析(见accomplish词条)达成目标一事无成成功实现逐步增长展开 achievement n.成就，成绩acquire vt.to get fbr oneself by ones

20、 own work,skill,action,etc.取得，获得；学至ll词组 acquire a property 得到一笔财产acquire a large vocabulary 学到大量词汇acquire confidence 获得信心辨析 acquire get obtain gainacquire指（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才）“获得”，“习得”get 为一般用语，表示“得”，“取得”等，常用在口语中obtain比get文雅些，指凭着努力，要求等而“得到”Further information can be obtained from our head office.可以从我们总

21、部获得更多信息gain“取得”“赚 得（利益等）”，含优势和成就等意味。Nothing can be gained without an effort.不劳贝U无获。across prep,from one side to the other of 穿过.,a d v.从 边 到 另 一 边；宽，横词组 come across=run acrossget acrossput acrossget sth.acrossput sth.acrossThe stream is 6 feet across.横过，在的对面碰到某人或遭遇某事惹（某人）不高兴哄 骗（使相信或接受）使人理解，领会讲清楚，使人听

22、懂这条小溪六尺宽。He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解他什么意思。We must learn how to put our ideas across.我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观点。辨析 across throughacross 指平面的穿过；through指空间或内部的穿过辨析 across the river/street/desert/plainthrough the forest/window/gateact vi.to take action 行 动;做，做事;v t.扮演(角色)n.行为，动作；法

23、令；条例词组 act on/uponact on the teachers instructionsAcids act on metals.in the act ofan act of great daringan education act例句 She acted wisely in this matter.He wasnt acting like himself.He acts very well in the play.He acted Romeo.to represent(a part)or perform by action 表演;1.根据行事2.对产生影响，对起作用遵照老师的指令酸

24、对金属起作用。正做的过程中英勇的行为教育法她在这事上做得很明智。他的举止反常。他在剧中演得很好他演罗密欧。action词组辨析process of doing something n.行动take actionout of actiongo/come into actionaction act activity采取行动不（再）起作用，不（再）运转开始战斗，开始行动例句展开a c t指短暂，个别的，具体的“行为”；action偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为”，“行为过程”，更具有连续性；activ ity指活动。The thief was caught in the very act of st

25、ealing.小偷在行窃时被逮捕。Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again.必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。classroom activity 班级活动action也常指做事的方法或效果action of a runner/a medicine跑步者的动作（药的作用）actions泛指人们的行为，常与呼应Actions speak louder than w o rd s.（谚语）事实胜于雄辩。注：我们可以有如下表达a foolish/kind/brave act（or act

26、ion）=an act（not action）of foolishness/kindness/braveryactive energetic;quick;lively ad j.积极的，主动的词组 be active in=take an active part in 积极参加展开 actively adv.积极地adapt v.make something suitable for a new use,situation etc.使适应，彳 更适合；.v.alter or modify(a text)for television,the stage,etc.修改，改编词组 adapt one

27、self to 使自己适应，习惯(见accustomed词条)adapt to 适应add v.put something together with sth.else so as to increase the size,number,amount etc.加，添加；进 步 说（或写），附带说明词组 add up to=amount to=total=come toadd toadd upadd to ones confusion/difficulty例句 Three added to four makes seven.合计达，总计增加加起来增加困惑，困难3 加 4 等于7Add all t

28、hese figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多少。addition n.adding,esp.calculating the total of two or more numbers 力 口；力 口 法词组 in addition=besides 另 夕 卜，力 H 之in addition to=as well as=besides 除.之 外（还有）展开 additional ad j.附加的，另外的address n.details of where a person lives,works or can be found,and

29、 where letters,etc may bedelivered地址，住址；n.speech made to an audience 演说，讲话v t.（在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向作（正式）讲话；对发表演说；称呼；处理词组 address oneself to 向讲话，致力于辨析 address speech lecture report talkaddress指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说”；speech普通用语，指在公共场合所作的经过准备的或无准备的“发言”；lecture学术性的“演讲”“讲座”;report事件及局势的报道（报告）或下级给上级的报告；talk 非正式的讲话，用

30、与较随便的场合。I went to a lecture he gave on literature.a political reportI must have a long talk with him.adequate adj.sufficient足够的，适当的；胜任的 反义词：inadequate辨析 adequate sufficient enoughadequate着重符合一个客观要求或标准，兼有“适当”之意；sufficient较偏重分量或数量的“足够”，多用于书面语；e n o u g h 常用语，也较偏重分量或数量的“足够”。His wages are adequate to su

31、pport the family.他的工资足够养家了。adjust v.alter（sth）by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use;regulate 调整;调节词组 adjust oneself to 调整以适应（见 accustomed词条）adjust to 适应例句 The body quickly adjust（itself）to changes in temperature.身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。admire vt.regard sb with respect,pleasure,satisfact

32、ion etc.赞赏，钦佩词组 win the admiration ofbe the admiration ofhave/display an admiration for展开 admirer n.崇拜者admirable a d j.令人敬佩的admirably adv.令人敬佩地，非常地admiringly adv.钦佩地，赞叹地admiration n.欣赏，赞赏赢得的赞赏成 为（是）的欣赏对象对非常佩服（欣赏）admit vt.allow sb/sth to enter 允许进入，使进入；容纳；容许recognize or acknowledge sth as true,confes

33、s sth.承认+that clause/doing/n./pron.词组 admit to sth/doing sth 承认；同向admit(having made)mistakes 承认312 了错误be admitted into 被录取admit of 容许例句 Only important personages were admitted to the opening ceremony.只有VIP才可参加开幕式。This matter admits of no delay,这件事不容拖延。This ticket will admit three to the concert.张票可供

34、三个人听音乐会。George would never admit to being wrong.乔治从不认错。I admit my mistake that I was wrong,我承认我错了。展开 admission n.准许进入，入场费，费用advance e or go forward 前进，向 前移动；make progress 取得进展；increase（a price）（价格等）上涨；pay before it is due to be paid 预先发放，预先支付；bring（an event）to an earlier date 提前,使提前发生;make a present

35、（a claim or suggestion,etc）提 出（建议等）n.前进，前移；进展，改进；（价格等）增加；预 付（款等）a d j.预先的，先行的词组 in advance 在前面；预先，事先展开 advanced ad j.先进的，高级的；年迈的，后阶段的advantage n.condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success（esp.whencompeting with others）优势，好处 反义词：disadvantage词组 take advantage of 利 用（某人的处境，弱点等）；利 用

36、（机会等）=make use ofhave（give sb.）an advantage over（使某人）在方面辨析有利；胜过have the advantage of 在某方面有优势to sb/s advantage 对（某人）有利turn sth.to advantage 使发挥作用，充分利用例句 His British upbringing gives him certain advantages over other applicants.他在英国成长受教育，这背景使他比其他应征者略胜一筹。He has the advantage of speaking four languages

37、over others.相比其他人，他有能说四门语言的优势。The lawyers letter said she would hear something to her advantage.律师的信上说她会听到对她有利的消息。展开 advantageous ad j.有利的adventure n.unusual,exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 冒 险（性）；冒险活动;冒险经历；激动人心的活动（经历）；奇遇辨析 adventure ventureadventure指如探险等一般性的冒险v en tu re尤指在商业方面有风险的计划

38、，投资，事业his adventures in Africa 他在非洲的冒险经历He thought the venture far too risky and didnt want to become involved.他认为这个计划风险性太大而不想参与。展开 adventurous a d j,冒险的adventurer n.冒险家advice n.opinion given about what to do or how to behave 建议，劝告词组展开（不可数）a piece of adviceadvise sb.to do sth=try to persuade sb.to d

39、o sth.=try to persuade sb.into doing sth.ask sb.for advicefollow/take ones advicegive sb.some advice on sth.it is advisable for sb.to do sth.advise v.建议建议某人做某事向某人要建议听从某人的建议给某人提建议对某人来说是可取的advisable adj.明智的，可取的，适当的affair n.thing（to be）done;concern;matter 事情，事件；（pl.）事务词组public affairs 公事private/persona

40、l affairs 私事national/state affairs 国事international affairs 国 际事务family affairs 家事current affairs 时事辨析affair matter business event incidentaffair涵义最广，可指已经发生的或必须去做的任何事情，也可泛指事务（用作复数时，指重大的或头绪较多的事情）；matter意为事情，指要考虑或处理的（小）事；money matters 钱的事情Whats the matter?=whats wrong?business常指生意，商业，还可指任务，责任，正事；do bus

41、iness with 与某人做生意go into business 经商business hours 营业时间mind your own business（affairs）少管闲事get down to business 干正事Its none of your business.不关你的事Business is business.公事公办event指重大事情historical event 历史事件track and field event 田径赛incident指突发事件，事变或冲突Xi an incident 西安事变border incidents 边境事件affect词组vt.have

42、 an influence on（sb or sth.）影响；（在感情方面）打动，震动；假装have an affection for 喜欢.set ones affections on 钟爱某人展开effect n.影响affection n.喜爱，慈爱affectionate a d j.深情的affectionately adv.深情地affordv.have enough money,space,time etc for（a special purpose）提供；担负得起（费用）；抽出时间词组afford a holiday 度假afford the time/expense 抽出时间

43、（支付费用）afford to do 能够做某事afford sb.sth.提供某人某物辨析afford offer supply provideafford供给，一般用于抽象名词,常用在can,be able to后;offer主动提供，出价；offer sb.sth.提供某人某物offer to do sth.主动提出做某事offer some money for sth.为某物出价supply供应，补 给（缺乏或不足的东西）（般指付钱的）；supply sb.with sth.=supply sth.to sb.提供The water works supply water to the

44、people in this town.水利工程给这个镇上的人们提供水。provide往往指免费提供。provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.We provide the children with money and clothes.我们为孩子们提供钱和衣物。afraid adj.frightened 怕 的（做表语用）词组 be afraid ofbe afraid to do sth.be afraid that clause 害怕辨析 be afraid to do be afraid ofbeaftaidtodo表示害怕不敢做，可以不做。是以人

45、的意志为转移的。be afraid of 表示害怕某事会发生。是不以人的意志为转移的The girl was afraid to go out at night.So she stayed at home.这女孩晚上不敢出去，因此她呆在家里。The boy was afraid of being scolded by his father for he failed in the final exam.这男孩因期末考没通过害怕被他父亲责骂。afterlater in time prep./conj./adv.在之后词组after allafter darkafter ones heartask

46、 after=inquire afterbe afterday after day（year year）go afterlook afterone after anotherrun aftertake after毕竟，终究天黑之后合心意的，投合的问候想得到，寻求，追求口复一日（年复一年等）追逐，追求，设法得到照顾，照看，照管一个接一个地追求，追捕，追赶长得像，性格上像the day after tomorrow（the weekbe named after-n ex t）后 天（在下一个星期）以命名againonce more,another time adv.再一次词组again and a

47、gainonce againnow and againall over again再三地，反复地再次不时地，间或再次，重新over and over again 一再地time and time again 多次，一再地against prep,in opposition to(反)对;以为抵御对象;靠着；having as a background 衬着；as a defence or protection from 预防词组 against ones will(wishes)违反自己的意愿be against 反对lean against 斜靠着例句 We sailed against w

48、ind.我们顶风航行。There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him.有 2 0 张投票拥护他,有1 2 张反对他。The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.滑雪者红色的衣服在白雪的衬托下分外醒目。We are all taking medicine against the disease.我们都在服药防御这疾病。age n.length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 时代；年龄vi.grow o

49、ld 变老，长大，老化v t.使苍老词组 at the age ofat ones agebe of the same agebe of different agesunder the age ofbe over agebe under age展开 aged ad j.有岁，年纪的，My son is aged 10 years.Tinka,aged eleven,was demaweek.The sick and the aged need ourthe middle-agedagree v.say yes 同意词组 agree withagree to sth.agree on/upona

50、gree to do sth.agree+that clause例句 Their story agrees with the facts.在岁的时候在这个年龄（岁数）同龄不同龄年龄在以下超龄未成年，不足龄陈年的；年老的我儿子十岁。that she be allowed to go to the movies twice a十岁的女孩Tinka要求一周看两次电影。病人和老人需要我们的帮助。中年人同 意（+某人/w hat引导的从句/）；（气候，食物等）适于的健康或体质与相符，与相一致；同 意（建议，命令，要求，安排）；表示双方在某一点上取得相同意见；同意做某事。他们的叙述与事实相符。The cl