what引导名词性从句的五种用法_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 what引导名词性从句的五种用法(高考语法要点)注意：请你在 what引导的从句下面划线，并指出其充当的成分。一、用法归纳 1.表示“的东西或事情”相当于 the things that：例如：Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary.玛丽的职务是秘书。2.表示“的人或的样子”相当于 the per son that。如：He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那

2、个样子。He is what is generally called a traitor.他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3.表示“的数量或数目”相当于 the amount/number that。如：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是 10 年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was befor

3、e liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的 10 倍。4.表示“的时间”相当于 the time that例如：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young girl was too frightened to speak,standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5.表示“的地方”相当于 the place that。如：This is what they call Sal

4、t Lake City.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492,Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界。二、用法说明(1)这样用的 what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：先行词（小注）：是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的成分。之所以称它为先行词，是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后，先行词总是出现

5、在定语从句之前，而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时，形容词位于名词之前。你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。正：You can have what you like./You can have everything(that)you like.误：You can have everything what you like.学习必备 欢迎下载(2)有时 what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词：I gave him what books I had.我把我所有的书都给他了。He gave me what money he had about him.他把身边带有的钱全给了我。(3)What 后的名词可以是复数名词或

6、不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：误：I gave him what book I had.(4)What后接不可数名词时，有时可有 little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：I spent what time I had with her.我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。I spent what little time I had with her.我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。专项练习题 1._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.(98)A.What

7、 B.That C.How D.Where 2.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the money exactly _he wants.A.when B.which C.that D.what 3.Tom is greatly different from _ he was when he was young.A.how B.what C.where D.that 4.The ancient Egyptians believed all illnes

8、ses were related to_was eaten.A.Which B.it C.what D.that 5._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A.Whichever is hard B.No matter what is hard C.What is hard D.All what is hard 6.Do you know _ A.what is this used for B.what this is used for C.which this is used D.that this is used f

9、or 7._ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A.Thatthat you had expected B.What that you had expected C.Thatwhat you had expected D.Whatwhat you had expected 8.He said that he was fond of _.A.what beautiful is B.beautiful is what C.what is beautiful D.what it is beautiful 9.The poor young man is rea

10、dy to accept _ help he can get.A.whatever B.however C.whichever D.whenever 10.We gave him _ help we could.A.which B.what C.that D.This 11.Now we can see _ problem the population is.A.a what serious B.such serious a C.how serious a D.so a serious 12.We know little about the young lady except_you told

11、 me.A.what B.that C.when D.不填 13.I know nothing about her except_she is from Canada.A.how B.when C.that D.why 14.-Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer?-I think warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.A.what B.which C.how D.where 15.Thinking _ you know _ in fact

12、 you dont is a terrible mistake.A.that;that B.what;what C.that;what D.what;that 16.Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.That D.what 17.People are trying hard to protect and record _ is left of the Aboriginal（土著居民的）language.A.which B.w

13、hat C.that D.all 18.The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A.in that B.in what C.from what D.from which 19.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.How 一用法归纳表示的东西或事情相当于例如他们已经尽力帮助了她他赚多少积蓄多少玛丽的职务是秘书表示的人或的样子相当于如他已经

14、不是以前的那个样子他就是人们通常所说的叛徒是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的表示的数量个小时他才苦笑着出来在那儿站了几个小时小女孩吓得不敢说话表示的地方相当于如这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界二用法说明这样用的相当于先行词称它为先行词是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后先行词总是出现在定语从句之前而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时形容词位于名词之前你喜欢什么就拿什么吧正误学习必备欢迎下载有时可用作限定词其后修饰一个名词我把我所学习必备 欢迎下载 20.Mary:Helen is a mere washer woman,yet shes

15、now buying a big house.Carol:Yes.Because shes always saved _.A.what little she earns B.how little she earns C.for little she earns D.with little she earns 21.After five hours drive,they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.A.that B.what C.which D.where 22.I just dont understan

16、d_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.A.why it does B.what it does C.why it is D.what it is 23.Loulan city is not at all _a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.A.what B.that C.which D.where 24.I think that this meal was well worth _ was charg

17、ed for it.A.that B.which C.what D.how many 25.Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at _ he thought was a reasonable price.A.that B.what C.which D.as 26.What is learned in books can not have the same deep effect on a child s character _ is learned through experience.A.what B.as C.as what D.when what

18、what 为什么不能引导定语从句 that 可以引导定语从句，而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱，它在定语从句中要充当成分，通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。同时 that 也可以引导名词性从句，在名词性从句中 that 不充当成分。但 What 不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于 what=all that,what 在名词性从句中充当成分，常常作主语、宾语和表语。简单说，what 引导的从句是名词性质的，而 that 引导的定语从句是形容词性质的。所以，what 不可能引导定语从句。Eg:17).All _I want to know is what he meant.A.t

19、hat B.which C.what D.whatever 评析：答案是 A.本题是 that 引导的定语从句。而 what 不可以引导定语从句。What=all that.又因为先行词是 all，故其后不可以接 which 引导的定语从句。而.Whatever=anything that/no matter what 从意义和语法都不符合。所以只能选 A,that.18)_impressed me most was _such a little boy could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.Wh

20、at;what 评析：答案是 B.第一空是 what 引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。第二空是 that 引导的表语从句，that 在表语从句中不省略，不作成分，也没词义。定于从句,已经清楚的指明对象,所以也就不需要用 what 来引导.定于从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定于从句：关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等！一用法归纳表示的东西或事情相当于例如他们已经尽力帮助了她他赚多少积蓄多少玛丽的职务是秘书表示的人或的样子相当于如他已经不是以前的那个样子他就是人们通常所说的叛徒是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的表示的数

21、量个小时他才苦笑着出来在那儿站了几个小时小女孩吓得不敢说话表示的地方相当于如这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界二用法说明这样用的相当于先行词称它为先行词是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后先行词总是出现在定语从句之前而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时形容词位于名词之前你喜欢什么就拿什么吧正误学习必备欢迎下载有时可用作限定词其后修饰一个名词我把我所学习必备 欢迎下载 With 复合结构的用法小结(高考语法要点)with 结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。一

22、、with 结构的构成 With 结构构成方式如下：1.with 或 without-名词/代词+形容词；2.with 或 without-名词/代词+副词；3.with 或 without-名词/代词+介词短语；4.with 或 without-名词/代词+动词不定式；5.with 或 without-名词/代词+分词（现在分词和过去分词）。6 with 或 without-名词/代词+名词 下面分别举例：1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词作伴随状语）2、With the meal o

23、ver ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.（with+名词+介词短语，伴随状语。）4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名

24、词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard，shewent out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）6 He died with his son yet a school boy.他去世时他的儿子还是一个学童呢（with

25、或 without-名词/代词+名词）7-You should have prepared your speech for the meeting,Mrs Smith.-Yes,I know.But how could I（prepared your speech for the meeting）with the meeting date fixed so soon（.With+名词/代词+过去分词）（2005 东北三校联考）二、with 结构的用法 在句子中 with 结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。With 结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：(翻译下

26、列三个句子)1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with 结构的特点 1.with 结构由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾

27、语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如：With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning.（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them.（Her hair was gone.）2.在 with 结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词

28、例如 He could not finish it without me to help him.巩固练习 1 1.BBC English broadcasts programmes for China _ explanation in Chinese.A.in B.for C.with D.as 2.The young woman _ a baby sleeping in her arms was wandering in the street.一用法归纳表示的东西或事情相当于例如他们已经尽力帮助了她他赚多少积蓄多少玛丽的职务是秘书表示的人或的样子相当于如他已经不是以前的那个样子他就是人们通

29、常所说的叛徒是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的表示的数量个小时他才苦笑着出来在那儿站了几个小时小女孩吓得不敢说话表示的地方相当于如这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界二用法说明这样用的相当于先行词称它为先行词是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后先行词总是出现在定语从句之前而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时形容词位于名词之前你喜欢什么就拿什么吧正误学习必备欢迎下载有时可用作限定词其后修饰一个名词我把我所学习必备 欢迎下载 A.with B.because C.on D.like 3.Everyone should go to sleep wi

30、th the light turned off.A.as B.with C.for D.on 4._ so many homework to do,Mary wont have time to play with her friends this morning.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because 5._ the door is open,the noise of the machines is almost deafening.A If B.As C.With D.Because of 6._ his mother was out,he had to stay a

31、t home alone.A.As B.For C.if D.With 7._ all things are considered,her proposal is of greater than his A.Like B.With C.If D.Without 8._ time permits,we will visit the Summer Palace.A.By B.On C.With D.If 巩固练习 2 1.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）

32、A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 2.Now that we ve discussed our problem,are people happy with the decisions _?(2009 全国卷 1)A.taking B.take C.taken D.to take 3.You have no idea how she finished the relay race,_ her foot was wounded so much.A.for B.as C.with D.while 4.-Come on,pl

33、ease give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.(2007 福建)A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 5.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.（2007 安徽）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished 6.I

34、 couldn t do my homework with all that noise _.（2005 北京）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on 7._and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease,the patient sought her doctor s help to end her life.A.Having given up hope of cure B.With no hope for cure C.There being hope fo

35、r cure D.In the hope of cure 8._ two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides C.As for D.Because of 9.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished.(2004 福建)A.for B.with C.from D.of 10._ production up by 60%,the company has had another

36、excellent year.(2000 全国卷)A.As B.For C.With D.Through 一用法归纳表示的东西或事情相当于例如他们已经尽力帮助了她他赚多少积蓄多少玛丽的职务是秘书表示的人或的样子相当于如他已经不是以前的那个样子他就是人们通常所说的叛徒是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的表示的数量个小时他才苦笑着出来在那儿站了几个小时小女孩吓得不敢说话表示的地方相当于如这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆现在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾经是一个文明世界二用法说明这样用的相当于先行词称它为先行词是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后先行词总是出现在定语从句之前而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时形容词位于名词之前你喜欢什么就拿什么吧正误学习必备欢迎下载有时可用作限定词其后修饰一个名词我把我所