高考英语重点词语辨析例析.pdf

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1、高考英语重点词语辨析例析内容简介：高考英语重点词语辨析例析，比较不错。更新时间：2010-1-22 13:53:08文章来源：网友上传所属教材：不限所属年级：不限学期或模块：不限所属单元：不 限 点 击 数：3651.accuse/chargeaccuse和charge都 有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with sth,此结构还有“使某人负有责任”之意。例如：例 1：My father accused me of my being

2、too careless.（父亲责备我太粗心。）例 2：He accused me of neglecting my d u t y.（他指控我玩忽职守。）例 3：He charged me with neglecting my duty.（同上）例 4：Jimmy was charged with murder.（吉米被控谋杀。）例 5：He was charged with an important task.（他担负有一项重要任务。）2.add/add to/add up/add up toadd：增加，把.加上。addto:把.加到。例如:例 6：At the end of the p

3、arty,we added another program.例 7：You needn t add any water to the medicine.a d d t o：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如：例8：H i s c o m i n g a d d e d t o o u r t r o u b l e.（他的到来给我们添了麻烦。）a d d u p：加起来。例如：例 9：H a ve yo u a d d e d u p a l l t h e n u m b e r s?a d d u p t o：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。例如：例 1 0：A l l t h e

4、n u m b e r s a d d e d u p t o 1 0 0.3.a d vi s e /s u g g e s ta d vi s e：建议，劝说。例如：例 1 1：I advised（h i s）t r yi n g a g a i n.（=s u g g e s t）例 1 2：I advised t h a t w e （s h o u l d）t r y a g a i n.（=s u g g e s t,虚拟语气。）例 1 3：I a d vi s e d h i m t o g i ve u p s m o k i n g.例 1 4：I a d vi s e d

5、h i m n o t t o s m o k e.例 1 5：C o u l d yo u a d vi s e u s o n h o w t o l e a r n E n g l i s h?例 1 6：C o u l d yo u g i ve u s s o m e a d vi c e o n h o w t o l e a r n E n g l i s h?s u g g e s t：建议，表 明,暗 示。例如：仞ij 1 7：We suggest h a vi n g a m e e t i n g a t o n c e.（=a d vi s e）彳 列 1 8：We s

6、uggest t h a t a m e e t i n g （s h o u l d）b e h e l d a t o n c e.（=a d vi s e,虚拟语气。）例 1 9：H i s p a l e f a c e s u g g e s t s t h a t h e i s i n p o o r h e a l t h.（他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。）4.a g r e e w i t h /a g r e e t o /a g r e e o na g r e e w i t h：同意，赞 成（后 接“人”或w h a t从句作宾语）；适合，适应;一致。例如：彳 列 2

7、 0：I d o n t q u i t e a g r e e w i t h yo u.例 2 1：N o b o d y a g r e e d w i t h w h a t h e h a d s a i d a t t h e m e e t i n g.例 2 2：T h e w e a t h e r h e r e d o e s n t a g r e e w i t h m o s t o f us.（这里的天气我们多数人不适应。）例 2 3：Y o u r w o r d s d o n o t a g r e e w i t h yo u r a c t i o n

8、s.（你的言行不一,0）agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如：例 24：John can t agree to Joe s idea.agree on：对达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如：彳 列 25：F inally John and Joe agreed on the plan.5.allow/permit/let/promiseallow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。例如：例 26：Who allowed you to leave the camp?例 27：Smoking is not allowed her

9、e.彳 列 28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you.permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。例如：例 29：He declared that he would permit me to do so.allow和permit的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如：例 30：Don t let this happen again.例 31：This is not allowed to happen again.(不说：This is not let toha

10、ppen again.)promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如：例 32：They promised an immediate reply.例 33：He promised to start at once.例 34：I promised him to see to the matter right away.(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see t o是主语I发出的。)6.announce/declareannounce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如：例 35：The government announced that the

11、danger was past.例 36：It was announced that the national science conference would soonbe held in B eijing.另外，要 表 达“向某人宣布某事”，应 用announce to sb sth。后 接to sb的动词还有say,explain等。例如：例 37：He announced to us the news and then said to us,“Now let me explainto you in details.”（他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”

12、）declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如：例 38：The chairman declared the exhibition open.（主席宣布展览会开幕。）7.answer/replyanswer：回答，回应。例如：例 39：“Tom!No one answered.例 40：Please answer the door-bell.（请去开门。）例 41：He answered that he knew nothing about it.彳 列 42：No one was able to answer him a word.reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后

13、需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。例如：例 43：He replied to me,“I need the answer to the exercise.”例 44：He replied that he would not go.例 45：Not a word did she reply.（她一句话也不应。）answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要 接to。例如：例 46：He made no answer/reply to his questions.8.appear/look/seemappear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未

14、必的意味。例如：例 47：This kind of apples appears good,but in fact it tastes sour.（这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。）seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。例如：例 48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.（你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。）例 49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.look：好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如：例 50：What?s wrong with you?You look pal

15、e.例 51：It looks like r a i n.（看来要下雨了。）9.argue/quarrelargue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：例 52：What are you arguing about?例 53：I argued with him the whole day.quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。例如：例 54：It s unwise to quarrel with your boss about t h a t.（为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。）10.arrive/reach/getarrive,reach和 get都 有“到达

16、”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或 in连用 它 和 reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用,在口语中常用。arrive和 get后 接 副 词(如 here,there,home等)时，不用介词。reach和 arrive at还 有“达 成(协 议)，作 出(决 定)”的意思。例如：彳 列 55：When we arrived at the station,the train had left.例 56：At five,they arrived in B eijing.例 57：The letter didn,t reach me until yes

17、terday.例 58：At what time did you get to the post office?例 59：The two sides failed to reach/arrive at an agreement after severalhours discussion.(几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。)11.ask/inquire/questionask：问(ask sb sth 或 ask sth of s b)；请求(ask sb to do sth)；要，索 取(ask for sth)。例如：例 60：May I ask you some questio

18、ns?例 61：Why did he ask you to come again?例 62：Did he ask for anything?inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表 示“查究，调查”的意思。例如：例 63：I have inquired of him whether he could help m e.（我已经问过他能否帮我。）例 64：We must inquire into the matter.（=look into,我们必须调查此事。）question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。例如：例 65：At first the girls

19、 read a chapter from their books,and then theteacher began to question them.例 66：I question whether he was once questioned by the police.（我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。）1 2.b e a b o u t t o do s t h /b e t o do s t hbe about to do：即将，正要做.。不加任何时间短语。例如：例 67：We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.be to

20、 do：计划，约定；应该。例如：彳 列 68：We are to start tomorrow.例 69：What is to be done n e x t?（下一步做什么？）13.b e c a r ef u l o f /b e c a r ef u l w i t hbe careful of：小心，当 心,留 神，注意。例如:例 70：The public were warned to be careful of r a t s.（公众被警告要当心老鼠。）be careful with：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如：彳 列 71：You d better be ca

21、reful with your work/pronunciation.（你得注意你的工作/发音。）14.b e f a m i l i a r w i t h /b e f a m i l i a r t obe familiar with：对.熟悉。例如:彳 列 72：Most of us are familiar with the pop star.例 73：John was very familiar with this kind of situation.be familiar to：对.来说是熟悉的;为.所熟知。例如：彳 列 74：The pop star is familiar t

22、o most of us.你!75：This kind of situation was all too familiar to John.(=veryfamiliar)15.be known for/be known as/be known tobe known for：因.而出名。例如:例 76：Our town is known for its stones.be known as：作为.而出名。例如：例 77：The town is known as a stone town.be known to：被.知晓，了解。例如:例 78：The hot spring city is know

23、n to every one of them.16.be made of(from/out of)/be made into/be made up/be madeup ofbe made of：由.制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。例如：例 79：The desk is made of wood.be made from：由.制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。例如：例 80：Paper is made from wood.be made out of：由.制成。例如：例 81：The desk/Paper is made out of wood.be made into：制成.。例如：彳 列 82：

24、Wood can be made into desks/paper.be made up：由.编成。例如：例 83：Don，t believe him;the whole story was made u p.(别信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。)be made up of(=consist of)：由.组成。例如:彳 列 84：This desk is made up of/consists of twelve pieces of wood.17.b e t i r ed o f /b e t i r ed f r o m /b e t i r ed o u tbe/get tired of：对

25、.厌 倦。例 如：例 85：I am really tired of your words!（你 的 话 我 听 腻 了！）be tired from：因.疲 倦。例 如：例 86：I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the momentmy head touched the pillow.（我 爬 山 太 累 了，所以头一碰枕头/一躺下 就 睡 着 了。）be tired out：筋 疲 力 尽。相 当 于be worn out。例 如：例 87：We were tired out when we climbed

26、over the high mountain.18.b el i ev e/b el i ev e i n /dep en d o nbelieve：相 信（指 信 某 人 的 言 语）；认 为（相 当 于be sure）o例 如：例 88：Don t believe him;he s lying.（别 听 他 的，他 在 说 谎。）例 89：I believe they 11 succeed in the end.believe in：信 任（指 胜 任 某 人）；信 仰（指 信 仰 真 理、主 张、宗 教 等）。例 如：例 90：Don，t believe in him;he,s alwa

27、ys lying.（不 可 信 任 他，他老说谎。）例 91：I believe what she said,but I don t believe in h e r.（我相信她 所 说 的，但 我 不 信 任 她。）例 92：We must work,and above all we must believe in ourselves.（我 们 得 工 作，最 重 要 的 是 我 们 得 信 任 自 己。）例 93：Most of them believe in God.depend on：信 任（相当于 believe in 或 trust）；依 靠（相当于 live on）；取 决 于。

28、例 如：例 94：He is a man to depend on/believe in/trust.（他是个可信任的人。）例 95：Do you still depend on/live on your parents?（你 还 靠 父 母 吗？）例 96：Everything depends on the weather tomorrow.（一切取决于明天的天 气。）19.b o r r o w /l en dborrow：借,借用。指借入，不带双宾语。结构：borrow sth from sb。例如：例 97：C an I borrow your pen?例 98：He borrows

29、money from me frequently.lend：把.借给。指借出，可带双宾。结构：lend sb sth=lend sth tosbo例如：例 99：C ould you lend me your pen?例 100：Will you lend your bike to me?20.b r i n g /t a k e/f et c h /g et /c a r r ybring：带来。例如：例 101：B ring the book here tomorrow.take：拿走。例如：彳 列 102：Don t take the magazines out of the readi

30、ng-room,fetch：去拿来。例如：4列 103：Go downstairs and fetch me some water.get：去拿来。与fetch同义，但较口语化。例如：例104：She got him a good doctor.（她为他请来了一位好医生。）carry：携带。指随身携带，如捧、抱、扛、运等。例如：例 105：He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.彳 列 106：He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.（他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。）21.b u i

31、l d/p u t u p /s et u pbuild：建设，建筑。常用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也用于建设国家、城市等。如：例 107：A new bridge was built in this village last month.彳 列 108：We are building a socialist country.p u t u p：建设，搭建。侧重于搭盖临时性的建筑物；在现代英语中，可 与b u i l d通用。还 有“张贴，挂起，举起”等意思。例如：例 109：T h e y h a d t o p u t u p t h e t e n t s b e fo r e d a

32、r k.彳 列 110：If y o u h a v e a n y q u e st i o n s,p l e a se p u t u p （=r a i se）y o u r h a n d s.例 111：W h y n o t p u t u p a n o t i c e o n t h e w a l l t h e r e?se t u p：建设，创建。常用于创立组织、机构、团体、学校、工厂、公司等。例如：例 112：An o t h e r n i gh t sc h o o l w a s se t up.（又一所夜校建起来了。）例 113：T h e y se t u

33、p a c o m m i t t e e t o l o o k i n t o t h e m a t t e r.（他们成立了委员会来调查这件事。）22.c a r e /m i n dc a r e：关切，忧虑，在乎。c a r e a b o u t：在乎，关心。c a r e fo r：喜欢，照顾。例如：彳 列 114：He fa i l e d i n t h e e x a m,b u t h e d o e sn,t se e m t o c a r e （a b o u t i t）.（他没能通过考试，但他似乎一点也不在乎。）例 115：T o m d o e sn t c

34、 a r e w h a t t h e y sa y.例 116：He c a r e s a b o u t n o t h i n g b u t m o n e y.（他只在乎钱。）例 117：W o u l d y o u c a r e fo r a n o t h e r d r i n k?（想再来一杯饮料吗？）例 118：T h e c h i l d r e n a r e b e i n g w e l l c a r e d fo r （=l o o k e d a ft e r）.M i n d：当心，注 意（用于肯定句）；介意，反 对（用于疑问句或否定句）。例如：例

35、 119：M i n d y o u r o w n b u si n e ss.例 120：W o u l d y o u m i n d m y/m e t u r n i n g o n t h e r a d i o?（介意我打开收音机吗？）23.c a t c h /c a t c h u p w i t hc a t c h：赶上。尤指赶车。例如：例 121：He go t u p e a r l y i n o r d e r t o c a t c h t h e fi r st b u s.c a t c h u p w i t h：赶上。指经过努力赶上同类水平，与k e e

36、 p u p w i t h同义。例如:例 122：We must double our efforts to catch/keep up with the developedcountries.（我们必须加倍努力以赶上发达国家。）24.c a t c h /se i z e /h o l d /c a t c h h o l d o fcatch：抓住，捉住；赶 上（车）。常指从空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。如：例 123：He caught the ball and shot the basket.（他抓住球，投篮。）例 124：We caught lots of fish today.例 1

37、25：I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.seize：抓 住（指用力猛抓）；捉拿，逮捕。例如：例 126：It s a pity that I didn t seize the chance.彳 列 127：Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station,hold：握住，手持，抱着。例如：彳 列 128：She was holding an umbrella.例 129：At that moment I held him by the a r m.（

38、就在这一刻我抓住了他的手臂。）catch hold of：抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相当于get hold of。例如：例 130：B e sure to catch hold of the rope.25.c a t c h fi r e /b e o n fi r e /c a u se fi r e /se t fi r e t o st h /se t st h o nfi r ecatch fire：着 火（指自然着火，无被动结构）。be on fire：着 火（指状态）o cause fire：起 火（弓I起火灾）。set fire to sth/set sth on fire

39、：放火，纵 火（指人为的）。例如：例 131：The store caught fire at 5:00 this morning,and it was on firefor nearly half an hour.Nobody knows what caused the fire or whoset it on fire/set fire to i t.（商店早上5点着火，烧了近半个小时，没人知道是什么引起这场火灾或是谁放了这把火。）26.c o l l e c t /ga t h e rgather：收集，聚集；采摘。指把零散的东西集中到起。宾语通常可以是人，也可以是物。例如：例 132：

40、She is gathering wild flowers in the field.例 133：Please gather the students for me.例 134：He wants to gather money for a motorbike.（他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。）collect：收集，集合。指精心地、有选择地收集；作为该意思时，其宾语只能是物。例如：例 135：Are you fond of collecting stamps?例 136：They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas.（他们正在为贫困

41、地区的孩子们集资。）注意：作为不及物动词时，两者可以互用。例如：例 137：We 11 gather/collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 a.m.tomorrow.2 7.c o m p a r e w i t h /c o m p a r e t ocompare with：把.和.相比。例如：例 138：C an you compare this word with that one?compare to：比喻为,把.比作；把.和.相比。例如：彳 列 139：Young people are usually compared to the r

42、ising sun.（年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。）例 140：Don t compare your toys to/with others all the time.（别老是把你的玩具和别人的比。）compared to/with：比起来，与.相比。过去分词短语作状语，介词用to/with均可。例如：例 141：C ompared to/with other people,you were indeed very fortunate.（比起其他人，你算够幸运的了。）2 8.c o n t a i n /i n c l u d econtain：包 含（全部），容纳。include：包 括（部分

43、）。例如:例 142：Senior B ook One contains twelve units,including two（units）chosenfrom the old textbook.例 143：This atlas contains forty maps,including three of Great B ritain.（这地图集含有四十幅地图，包括英国地图三幅在内。）例 144：How much does this bottle contain?（这瓶能装多少?）2 9.c o s t /s p e n d /p a y /b u y /c h a r g e /s e l

44、lcost：花费，付出代价。通常以事物作主语，即sth+cost+（sb）+金钱、时间、劳力或其他代价。例如：例 145：The book cost me$10.例146：C areless driving cost him his life.（粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。）spend：花费。主语是人，可以指花金钱，也可以指花时间。spend的用法：sb+spend+时间+（in）+v-ing/sb+spend+金 钱（时间）+on sth。例如：例 147：I spent$10 on the book.例 148：I spent two hours（in）finishing the com

45、position.比较：例 149：It took me two hours to finish the composition.pay：付款。例如：例 150：I paid$10 for the book.buy：买。例如：例 151：I bought the book for$10.charge：收费。例如：例152：They charged me$10 for the b o o k.（买这本书,他们收我十美元。）sell：卖。例如：例 153：They sold me the book for$10.3 0.c u r e /t r e a t /h e a lcure：治 愈（疾病）

46、，后常接介词of。例如：例 154：The new medicine cured（him of）his heart trouble.（这种新药治愈了他的心脏病。）treat：治疗。强调用药物或医疗手段进行医治的过程，并不表示治疗的结果。后常接介词for。另外还有“对待”的意思，后常接as。例如：例 155：It was difficult to treat patients（for their diseases）becauseof a shortage of medicine.（由于缺少药物，所以很难给病人治疗。）例156：He treats the orphan as his own s o

47、 n.（他把那个孤儿当作自己的亲生儿子看待。）heal：治 愈（外伤）。例如：彳 列 157：It took three months for my arm to heal properly.3 1.d i e o f /d i e f r o mdie of：死于。常指由于疾病、饥饿、情感等原因而死亡。例如：例 158：Many of them died of hunger during the voyage.例 159：The old woman died of grief soon after her husband?s death.die from：死于。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造

48、成的死亡，及因某种具体疾病造成的死亡。例如：例 160：In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die fromthe polluted air.彳 列 161：It is said that he died from/of heart attack.3 2.d i s c o v e r /i n v e n t /c r e a t ediscover：发现（它的对象原来就存在）。invent：发明（被发明的东西原来不存在）。create：创造。例如：彳 列 162：It is well known that Mada

49、me C urie discovered the element radium.例 163：As is known to all,Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.例 164：As we know,Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderfulcharacters in his plays.3 3 _ d i s t u r b /i n t e r r u p t /t r o u b l e disturb：打扰，扰 乱（使无法正常进行）。例如：彳 列 165：The loud noise di

50、sturbed his thought.interrupt：打扰；打断，中断。例如：例 166：Sorry to interrupt you,but I have an urgent message,trouble：使 麻 烦（指心情上苦恼或行动上带来不便）。例如：例 167：Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles y o u.（别自寻麻烦。）3 4.d r e s s /p u t o n /w e a r /h a v e o n /b e i ndress：穿衣，穿着。可用作及物动词，“人”当宾语；可用作不及物动词;可用be dresse