《常用医学英语词根一_外语学习-英语词汇.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《常用医学英语词根一_外语学习-英语词汇.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、常用医学英语词根词缀 1 人体主要器官前缀 名称 通用名 前(后)缀 常用形容词 示例 心 heart cardiao-cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology 脑 brain encepholo-cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 肺 lung pulmo-pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 肝 liver hepato-hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 胃 stomach gastro-gastric
2、 gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 胆 gallbladder chole-biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy 肠 intestine entero-intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology 脾 spleen splen-splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato-pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy 肾 kidney neph
3、ro-renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology 2 与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀 名称 通用名 前(后)缀 示例 血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管 vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉 artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arterioscler
4、osis 肌 muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经 nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿 urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital 体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome 3 与数字有关的前
5、缀 数字 前缀 示例 一(单)mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 二 bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三 tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四 tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五 penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride 六 hexa-hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)
6、/hexacycliccompiund 七 hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八 octa-octahedral/octal system 九 nona-nonapeptide/nonagon 十 deca-decade/decagram/decaliter 注:十位数的表示一般为:个位数前缀+deca,如:hexadecanol(十六烷醇),tetradecapeptide gastrin(十四肽胃泌素),octadecanoic acid(十八烷酸)-欢迎下载 2 4 颜色及与颜色有关的前缀 颜色 通用名 前缀 示例 色 color chr
7、om-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红 red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白 white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑 black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黄 yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫 violet/purple 绿
8、green 棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring 橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G 粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 绯红 crimson 青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes 注:有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义,其前缀都为“cyano-”.5 与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀(1)含义 前(后)缀 形容词 示例 病 patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/ad
9、enopathy 病态-osis-otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis 减少-penia-penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无 a-/an-atypical anuria/agranulocytopenia 小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨 macro
10、-macroscopic macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 复合/多 poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛 pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic 6 与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀(2)含义 前(后)缀 示例 相反 dis-disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍 dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 不良 mal-malfunction/malnutrition/mal
11、practice 炎症-itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis 瘤/块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma 血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia 痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer 麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea 坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatone
12、crosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 官有关的前后缀名称通用名前后缀示例血血管静脉动脉肌髓神经细胞尿体与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一单二三四五六七八九十注十位数的表示一般为个位数前缀如十六烷醇十四肽胃泌素十八烷酸颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通 后缀含义前后缀形容词示例病病态增多减少无小微大巨复合多全泛与疾病和疾患有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例相反困难障碍不良炎症瘤块血症痛麻痹流出坏死欢迎下载结石与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上下前后内外间旁副 形造影经注也是正原的前缀如正酸为方法如心电图检查术为仪器如心电图机为图象文字如心电图记录与化学品有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例酸盐醇
13、醛酮糖酶素原苯基酚氨基欢迎下载与作用有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例杀抑驱逐抗去-欢迎下载 3 结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7 与方位有关的前缀 含义 通用词 前缀 示例 上 upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 下 lower/inferior infra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-forehead/anteroposte
14、rior/precirrhosis/pre-后 back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内 nner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial 外 outer/external ex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial 间 between inter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副 on the side of para-parathyroid/par
15、aprotein/pararenal 周 around peri-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心 central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对 opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication 注:in vivo/in vaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内;in situ/in saitju:/原位 8 与外科手术有关的前
16、(后)缀 含义 前(后)缀 示例 切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy 切开-tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy 切(割)-tome tracheotome/thoracotome 吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy 成形术-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty 整(矫)形 ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy 造影-graphy angiogra
17、phy/nephrography/phlebography 经 trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral 注:ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀,如:ortho-acid(正酸)-graphy 为方法,如:electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术;graph 为仪器,如:electrocardigraph 心电图机;gram 为图象,文字,如:electrocardiogram 心电图记录。9 与化学品有关的前(后)缀 含义 前(后)缀 示例 酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate 醇-ol alcohol/pr
18、opanol/taxol 醛-al retinal/methylal/propanal 酮-one acetone/progesterone/ketone 糖 glyco-glycogenolysis saccharo-saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide 酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase 素-in penicillin/heparin/nuclein 原-gen allogen/antigen/glycogen 苯基/酚 phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin 氨基 amino-
19、aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrin 官有关的前后缀名称通用名前后缀示例血血管静脉动脉肌髓神经细胞尿体与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一单二三四五六七八九十注十位数的表示一般为个位数前缀如十六烷醇十四肽胃泌素十八烷酸颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通 后缀含义前后缀形容词示例病病态增多减少无小微大巨复合多全泛与疾病和疾患有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例相反困难障碍不良炎症瘤块血症痛麻痹流出坏死欢迎下载结石与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上下前后内外间旁副 形造影经注也是正原的前缀如正酸为方法如心电图检查术为仪器如心电图机为图象文字如心电图记录与化学品有关的前后缀含义前后缀
20、示例酸盐醇醛酮糖酶素原苯基酚氨基欢迎下载与作用有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例杀抑驱逐抗去-欢迎下载 4 10 与“作用”有关的前(后)缀 含义 前(后)缀 示例 杀-cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal 抑-stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic 驱逐-fuge febrifuge/centrifuge 抗-anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen 去/脱/除 de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desen
21、sitization 回/再/复 re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant 冷冻 cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant 否/去/分离 dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection 向后/退行 retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac 官有关的前后缀名称通用名前后缀示例血血管静脉动脉肌髓神经细胞尿体与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一单二三四五六七八九十注十位数的表示一般为个位数前缀如十六烷醇十四肽胃泌素十八烷酸颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通 后缀含义前后缀形容词示例病病态增多减少无小微大巨复合多全泛与疾病和疾患有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例相反困难障碍不良炎症瘤块血症痛麻痹流出坏死欢迎下载结石与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上下前后内外间旁副 形造影经注也是正原的前缀如正酸为方法如心电图检查术为仪器如心电图机为图象文字如心电图记录与化学品有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例酸盐醇醛酮糖酶素原苯基酚氨基欢迎下载与作用有关的前后缀含义前后缀示例杀抑驱逐抗去
限制150内