高考英语语法专题复习《形容词和副词》课件.ppt

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1、形容词和副词高考英语语法专题复习系列课件 形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。程度等。 高考重点要求：高考重点要求： 1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型 2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置 3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序、多个形容词修饰同

2、一名词的前后顺序 4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别达中的语义差别形容词在句子中的作用形容词在句子中的作用 1大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语语, 如：如： a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园一座美丽的公园 The play Tea-house（茶馆）（茶馆）is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open? How long will the weather stay sunny ? The silk clothes f

3、eel soft. How interesting the story sounds!定冠词定冠词the + 形容词形容词 定冠词定冠词the + 形容词形容词”表示一类人或物，作表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语主语或宾语”，意思为，意思为“的一种人的一种人”，“的一类东西或事情的一类东西或事情”。 The new will take the place of the old . （新（新事物将代替旧事物。）事物将代替旧事物。） The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢年轻人喜欢体育运动。体育运动。) The Living and the Dead is a ho

4、rror film. 3有些形容词只能作表语有些形容词只能作表语 如：如： 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词程度副词修饰。大多数以修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。害怕的。 （错）（错） He is an ill man. （对）（对） The man is ill. （错）（错） She is an afraid girl. 对）对） The girl is afraid. well，unwell，

5、ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等 词加词加-ed 和和 ing都可构成形容词都可构成形容词 加加-ed的形容词表示的形容词表示“人感到如何人感到如何”，加，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物的形容词则用来描写事物， 如：如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news. alarming,amusing,astonishing,charming, daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing, disappointing,discouraging,

6、exciting, interesting,inviting,pleasing,promising, shocking,striking,surprising ly等后缀 形容词 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly (有有品质的品质的 ) ： (错）错） She sang lovely. （错）（错） He spoke to me very friendly. （对）（对） Her singing was lovely. （对）（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly 有些以有些

7、以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.形容词后缀分两大类。一类是加到名词上的分两大类。一类是加到名词上的加到名词上的主要有：加到名词上的主要有： -y，：，：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy； -ful：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful； -less：careless, harmless, no

8、iseless, senseless, useless； -ous/-ious：dangerous; courageous, mysterious； -al/-tal/-ial/-tial：accidental, horizontal, colonial, influential； -ic/-etic/-atic，：，：artistic, sympathetic, systematic； -ish：childish, foolish, selfish； -like： life-like, business-like, war-like； -ed/-en：skilled, horned, gol

9、den, wooden。 加到动词上的有加到动词上的有 -ent/-ant，如：如：dependent, different, observant, pleasant； -able/-ible，如：，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible(明智的明智的;合情理的合情理的 )； -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive(敏感的敏感的;易受伤害的易受伤害的 )； -ed/-en，如：，如：advanced, noted, stolen, sw

10、ollen； -ing，如：，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining。 形容词在句子中的位置形容词在句子中的位置 形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。 （1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词，位置靠近名词， 如：如：an exciting American film （2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的

11、形容位置在后。形容位置在后。 1）修饰复合不定代词）修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等，等， 如：如：anything important, nothing easy （2）同表示数量的词组连用，）同表示数量的词组连用， 如：如：twenty feet long, five years old 3几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：途。如： a fine round maple（枫木）（枫木）writing table, a famo

12、us old English country house二、副词二、副词 副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加加-ly 构成，如：构成，如：careful-carefully. 副词主要被分为以下几种：副词主要被分为以下几种： 1时间副词，如：时间副词，如：often，early，usually，frequently always constantly now 2地点副词，如：地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there 3方式副词，如：方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well 4程度副词，如：程

13、度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost 5疑问副词，如：疑问副词，如：how，when，why， where副词在句子中的位置副词在句子中的位置时间副词和地点副词的位置时间副词和地点副词的位置表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，副词，地点副词通常在前地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。时间副词在后。修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词。副词在此作

14、状语。在此作状语。 如：如： be well enough, go fast enough 修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard及物动词和副词（如：及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，

15、up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。一定要放在副词前。He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法 1 两者比较情况一样两者比较情况一样，常用，常用“as+形容词原级形容词原级+as”句句型。型。2 He is as tall as his monitor .3 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用两者比

16、较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容词原级形容词原级+as”句型。句型。A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane .4 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最最”时，时，用用“the+形容词最高级形容词最高级+比较范围比较范围”句型。句型。Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents . She writes (the) most carefully of the three .5 比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级“越来越越来越” It

17、is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities.6 the +比较级，比较级，the +比较级比较级“越越越越” The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .形容词和副词考点 1 (1)Tom sounds very much _in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (2006

18、安徽安徽) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 2What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my house _. (2005上海春上海春) A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable 3 She doesnt speak _her friend, but

19、her written work is excellent. (1993全国全国) A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as 4(7)_, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (2004上海春上海春)A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange 二、考查形容词作定语的后置规律二、考查形容词作定语的后置

20、规律 5 _to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全国全国) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 6 All the people _at the party were his supporters. (2002北京北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. impor

21、tant形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时；形容词短语作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；表语形容词作定语时；修饰复合不定代词时。修饰复合不定代词时。 三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序三、考查多个形容词作定语的排序 (7) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. (2004辽宁辽宁) A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German

22、 large white (8)_ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词限定词+程度副词程度副词+) 描绘描绘+大小大小(长短、高低长短、高低)+形状形状+年龄年龄(新旧新旧)+颜色颜色+国籍或产地国籍或产

23、地+物质材料物质材料+类别或用途类别或用途+名词名词 9 The husband gave his wife _every month in order to please her. (2004重庆重庆) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 10 (15)How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _days a

24、t the seaside. (1995全国全国) A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 注：限定词的排序：注：限定词的排序：前位限定词前位限定词 (指量限指量限定词定词all, both, half等；等；倍数词倍数词double, twice等；分数词等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等等) +中位限定词中位限定词 (冠词，指示代词冠词，指示代词，形容词性物主代词，名词所有，形容词性物主代词，名词所有格格)+后位限定词后位限定词 (序数词序数词及及last, next

25、等；基数词及等；基数词及few, several等等) 四、考查副词在句中的位置规律 (11) If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (1998全国全国) A. a holiday long enough B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough频度副词频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或行为动词前，

26、或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之动词之后。表示方式的副词通常放在后。表示方式的副词通常放在“动词动词(+宾语宾语)”之后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，之后；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如： 五、考查五、考查ed形容词和形容词和-ing形容词的区别形容词的区别 (12) Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (2004重庆重庆) A. worried B. to worried

27、 C. worrying D. worry (13)It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (2003上海上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest(23)Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (2003京春京春) A. tired; boring B.

28、tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring六、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异六、考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异 (15) It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _to her mother. (2002北京北京) A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing七考查形容词和副词的比较等级七考查形容词和副词的比较等级 (16)A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains

29、and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour. (2006上海上海) A. too B. very C. so D. as (17)John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. (2005安徽安徽) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as 1. as+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+a

30、s 2. not as/so+原级原级+as (29) He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than (30)Do you have a big library? No, we dontat least, not _ yours. A. bigger as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigge

31、r than3. as +形容词+(a/an+)名词+as (21) Our neighbour has _ ours. (2003北京北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house asC. the same big house as D. a house the same big as (22)It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. (2001全国全国) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D.

32、 as much an art as比较级+than (24)Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006全国全国II) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than (25)Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005山东山东 A. larger B. a larger C. the large

33、r D. a large 6. 隐含式比较级 有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境有时省略或不点明被比较的对象，而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象来暗示被比较的对象 (26)I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (2006江苏江苏) A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more (27)I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_ .

34、 (2006江西江西) A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst28 Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. (2004全国全国) A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 7. 否定式谓语+比较级：有最高级含义 29 Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before. (2006全国全国II) A. the better one B. the best one

35、 C. a better one D. a good one (30) Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen _ this year. (2005浙江浙江)A. the best B. better C. the most D. more. least +原级原级 (最不最不) 31The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _one as she didnt want to spend too much time on it. (1991上海上海) A.

36、 the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive 32 David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (2005江苏江苏) A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 10. the+比较级, the+比较级 In recent years travel companies have su

37、cceeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. (2001上海上海) A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be 其它含比较级的短语和句式其它含比较级的短语和句式 比较级比较级+and+比较级；比较级； no more than和和一样不一样不 仅仅，；仅仅，； morethan与其说与其说倒不如倒不如； le

38、ss than少于；少于； more than多于，不只是，非常；多于，不只是，非常； more or less几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少；几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少； sooner or later(迟早，早晚，总有一天迟早，早晚，总有一天)；whats more(而且，此外而且，此外)； no soonerthan(一一就就)。如：。如： (71)I used to earn _than a pound a week when I first started work. (06陕西陕西6) A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less (73)Maggie

39、 has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _, she gets well paid for it. (2005浙江浙江) A. sooner or later B. whats more C. as a result D. more or less (75)After supper she would sit down by the fire, sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. (2003上海上海) A. as long as B. as soo

40、n as C. as much as D. as many as (76)_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004安徽春安徽春) A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 八、考查比较等级的修饰语 (79)Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _ ? (2000上海上海) A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of f

41、arther D. a little far (80)Are you feeling _? Yes, Im fine now. (1992全国全国) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 1. 比较级前可用比较级前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及请求或建议肯定句及请求或建议的问句中的问句中), any(否定句或疑问句中否定句或疑问句中)表示表示“稍稍，一点稍稍，一点”；用用much, far, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表

42、示等表示“得多得多”。 (83)What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is_ it is long. (2005湖北湖北) A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D .as wide as not half (84) It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. (2004广西广西) A. as twice B. twic

43、e much C. twice much as D. twice as much 2. half，倍数，以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量，倍数，以及分数或有关长度、时间、重量等表示确定程度的修饰语，通常放在比较级前，等表示确定程度的修饰语，通常放在比较级前，或或asas结构的第一个结构的第一个as前。前。九、考查形容词九、考查形容词such和副词和副词so的用法的用法 (88)We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海上海) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious

44、rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush (89)It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. (1998上海上海) A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual (92)Would you be _to step this way, please? (1982全国全国) A. too kind B. so kind C. so kind as D. as kind as

45、解析：解析：Would you be so kind as (=kind enough) to do sth.? (请您请您/劳驾您做某事好吗？劳驾您做某事好吗？)是表示请求是表示请求的一个固定句型。答案是的一个固定句型。答案是C。 十、考查在语境中选择恰当的形容词或副词 (96) The number of people present at the concert was _than expected. There were many ticket left. (2004福建福建)A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many mor

46、e(94) Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. (2004天津天津) A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly 2. 固定词组或句型中的副词 (97) Must I turn off the gas after cooking? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that. (2005江西江西) A. enough B. too C. so D. verycan never too careful或或can never careful e

47、nough， (99)Are you going to have a holiday this year? Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. (2006江苏江苏) A. off B. out C. behind D. over 3. 体现两句间逻辑关系的连接性副词 (104) Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006浙江浙江) A. However B. Otherwise C

48、. Therefore D. Besides (105)Im certain Davels told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. (2006湖北湖北) A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though (106)The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _, it caused 20 deaths. (2006江西江西) A. or else

49、B. therefore C. after all D. besideshowever 1. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever 2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although 1. 用作副词用作副词 (1) 表示让步：意为表

50、示让步：意为“无论如何无论如何”“”“不管怎样不管怎样”，用，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词形容词或副词或副词+主语主语+谓语。这样用的谓语。这样用的however其实具有连其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句 Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。不管他吃多少