2021年中考英语必读时事热点1（解析版）.pdf

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1、2021年 中 考 英 语 必 读 时 事 热 点 1文 章 导 读 一、阅 读 理 解 这 是 一 篇 科 普 类 型 说 明 文，对 新 型 冠 状 病 毒 的 是 什 么 及 来 源 进 行 说 明 和 探 究。二、完 形 填 空 人 物 传 记 钟 南 山 介 绍 三、阅 读 理 解“山 川 异 域，风 月 同 天”日 本 援 助 物 资 现 暖 心 古 诗 四、阅 读 填 空 如 何 防 止 新 型 冠 状 病 毒 传 染 五、阅 读 理 解 2020年 2 月 2 6日 意 大 利 议 员 戴 口 罩 引 起 热 议，本 文 对 中 西 文 化 对 戴 口 罩 的 看 法。六、书

2、面 表 达 保 护 野 生 动 物 一、阅 读 理 解 Since December,there have been tens of thousands of COVID-19 cases both in and out of China,caused by apreviously unknown virus:novel coronavirus（新 冠 病 毒）.Its not the first time for viruses to make headlines.Viruses have brought big trouble to humans,with theirpotential t

3、o cause widespread disease and death.What are they?Viruses are considered to be non-living organisms（有 机 物）.They can infect animals andplants,making them sick.They contain genetic materials like DNA and are protected by a coating of protein.Unlike bacteria（细 菌），viruses cant reproduce on their own.In

4、stead,they invaded the cells of livingorganisms to reproduce,spread and take over.But the basic question is:where did viruses first come from?Until now,no clear explanation for their origin exists.Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,E d Rybicki,a virologist at the university of Cape Town in

5、South Africa,told Scientific American,4tbecause viruses dont leavefossils（化 石）and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells theyve invaded.”Understanding the origins of viruses means fully understanding the history of their hosts-not only humans,but also bacteria,p

6、lants and other animals,which is a complicated task,says Nature.However,there are three main theories to explain the origin of viruses.First,viruses started as independentorganisms,and then became parasites（寄 生 者）.Second,viruses evolved（进 化）from pieces of DNA or RNA that1“escaped from larger organis

7、ms.The third one is that viruses co-evolved with their host cells,which means theyexisted alongside these cells.For the time being,these are only theories.The technology and proofs we have today cannot be used to testthese theories and discover the most plausible explanation.Continuing studies may p

8、rovide us with clearer answers.Or future studies may find that the answer is even more mysterious than it now appears.1.What can we learn about viruses from the passage?A.They only infect animals and plants.B.They reproduce by finding a host cell.C.They are really small living organisms.D.They are m

9、ore dangerous than bacteria.2.The underlined word/plausible in the last paragraph probably means A.creative B.effective C.reasonable D.unbelievable3.What can we learn from the passage?A.The author is confident about further virus studies.B.Viruses will become more like bacteria as they evolve.C.Viru

10、ses live longer in human host cells than in animals.D.It may take a long time to discover the origin of viruses.4.Whafs the best title of the passage?A.Where Do Viruses Come from?B.Why Is COVID-19 a Terrible Virus?C.How to Stop the Viruses from Spreading?D.What Are the Differences Between Viruses an

11、d Bacteria?【答 案】BCDA2【解 析】是 一 篇 科 普 类 型 说 明 文，对 新 型 冠 状 病 毒 的 是 什 么 及 来 源 进 行 说 明 和 探 究。1.B 细 节 理 解 题。从 Unlike bacteria（细 菌），viruses can t reproduce on their own.Instead,they invaded the cells ofliving organisms to reproduce,spread and take o v e r.与 细 菌 不 同，病 毒 不 能 自 行 繁 殖。相 反，它 们 侵 入 活 生 物 体 的 细 胞

12、 进 行 繁 殖、传 播 和 接 管。故 知 答 案 B 正 确 2.C 字 义 猜 测 题。从 前 文 中 可 知，目 前，这 些 只 是 理 论。我 们 今 天 掌 握 的 技 术 和 证 据 不 能 用 来 检 验 这 些 理 论 和 发 现 最 解 释。从 理 解 中 用“合 理 的”符 合 上 下 文。故 答 案 选 C3.D 文 章 细 节 理 解 推 断 题。Understanding the origins of viruses means fully understanding the history of theirhosts-not only humans,but als

13、o bacteria,plants and other animals,which is a complicated task,says Nature.了 解 病 毒 的 起 源 意 味 着 不 仅 要 全 面 了 解 人 类，还 要 了 解 细 菌、植 物 和 其 他 动 物 的 宿 主 历 史，这 是 一 项 复 杂 的 任 务。这 里 就 说 明 要 发 现 病 毒 起 源 确 实 困 难，需 要 花 时 间。故 答 案 D。4.A 文 章 主 旨 题。是 一 篇 科 普 类 型 说 明 文，对 新 型 冠 状 病 毒 的 是 什 么 及 来 源 进 行 说 明 和 探 究。二、完 形

14、填 空 As the saying goes,A hero is known in the time of misfortune（不 幸）Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this.He is a doctor in Guangdong,who _ 1.many peoples lives in 2003.In 2003,SARS 2 in Guangdong.Later,it spread across China and other partsof the world.Patients coughed a lot and got fevers.Hundreds of

15、 3 evendied from the disease.Even many doctors and nurses got SARS when they treated patients.So everyone was afraid of it.But Zhong was _ 4_ enough to fight the disease.Zhong spent days and nights to find the cause of t h e.And with his way of treating,many patients began to get better.Zhong finall

16、y won peoples trust.In early 2020,a disease called Novel coronavirus pneumonia（新 型 冠 状 病 毒 肺 炎）hit Wuhan.It spread 6 aroundtens of thousands of Chinese people were infected（感 染）.Zhong,84,led his team to Wuhan to fight the illness.Zhongs team took many measures to _ 7 the patients with Novel coronavi

17、rus pneumonia.He advised people towear masks,8 hands frequently（频 繁 地）,stay at home and not to go to crowed places.Zhong likes sports very much.9 he was 67,he could still play basketball.Now at the age of 84,Zhong still treatspatients in the hospital and 10 young doctors.am just a doctor.Zhong says.

18、But we think he is a hero and a3fighter.1.A.helped B.saved C.liked D.influenced2.A.took out B.found out C.gave out D.broke out3.A.patients B.adults C.animals D.birds4.A.kind B.poor C.brave D.silent5.A.patient B.flood C.disease D.pollution6.A.quickly B.slowly C.safely D.luckily7.A.protect B.cure C.wa

19、rn D.harm8.A.weigh B.pollute C.shake D.wash9.A.When B.Although C.Unless D.Because10.A.thinks B.trusts C.teaches D.asks【答 案】1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C【解 析】本 文 是 一 篇 记 叙 文，介 绍 了 名 医 钟 南 山 的 事 迹。1.B句 意：钟 南 山 就 是 这 样 的 英 雄。他 是 广 东 的 一 名 医 生，2003年 挽 救 了 许 多 人 的 生 命。S a v e挽 救。符 合 题 意。2.D A.

20、took o u t取 出 B.found o u t查 明 发 现 C.gave o u t分 发，散 发 发 出 D.broke o u t爆 发。句 意：2003年 广 东 爆 发 了 非 典。用 broke o u t符 合 题 意。3.A 旬 意：数 百 名 病 人 甚 至 死 于 这 种 疾 病。这 里。Patient符 合 题 意。4.C.前 面 提 及 很 多 医 生 护 士 害 怕 这 种 疾 病，但 是 终 南 山 勇 敢 与 这 种 疾 病 斗 争。故 用 brave符 合 语 境。5.C 句 意：钟 日 夜 寻 找 病 因。因 为 非 典 是 疾 病。这 里 disea

21、se疾 病 符 合 题 意。6.A句 意：2020年 初，一 种 名 为“新 型 冠 状 病 毒 肺 炎”的 疾 病 袭 击 武 汉。它 很 快 就 在 成 千 上 万 的 中 国 人 中 传 播 开 来。这 个 病 毒 特 点 传 播 迅 速。故 选 A。7.B 句 意：钟 的 团 队 采 取 了 许 多 措 施 来 治 疗 新 型 冠 状 病 毒 肺 炎 患 者。A.protect 保 护 B.c u r e 治 疗 C.w arn警 告 D.harm伤 害。当 然 这 里 用 治 疗 符 合 题 意。8.C o勤 洗 手。所 用 wash。9.B 句 意：钟 非 常 喜 欢 运 动。尽

22、管 他 6 7岁 了，他 仍 然 可 以 打 篮 球。前 后 句 子 转 折 关 系，故 用 选 B although。1 0.C句 意：如 今，8 4岁 的 钟 仍 在 医 院 治 疗 病 人，教 年 轻 医 生。“我 只 是 个 医 生。“钟 说。这 里 用 teach符 合 题 意。三、阅 读 理 解 阅 读 下 文，从 每 小 题 所 给 的 A、B、C、D 四 个 选 项 中 选 出 一 个 最 佳 选 项。In late January,a donation of masks and thermometers from the Japan Youth Development Ass

23、ociation in4Tokyo to Hubei Province caused a stir on Chinese social media.This was because of the powerful poetic message written on each box:“山 HI异 域，风 月 同 天。v.It literallytranslates to“Mountains and rivers on foreign land wind and moon under the same sky.or officially/Lands apart,sky shared“Beside

24、s the heartfelt regard and the elegant language,the quote also alluded a significant moment inthe history of cultural exchange between the two countries.The line comes from a seventh century Buddhist hymn by prince Nagaya,a politician from the Nara period(710-794)of Japan,titled Embroidered on Kasay

25、a Robes for good Karma:Lands apart,sky shared.For thedisciples of Buddha,to nurture good karma.The hymn was embroidered on 1,000 Buddhist robes which Prince Nagaya had made and sent to the Tangcourt in China.It*s a part of his invitation for Chinese Buddhist monks to visit Japan.The poem was also In

26、cludedin the Complete Tang Poems.the largest existing collection of Tang poetry.Inspired by the Princes hymn,Jianzhen,decided to go on a voyage to Japan.After six attempts and the loss ofhis eyesight,Jianzhen finally arrived,and made a significant contribution to the spread of Buddhism in Japan.The

27、reference does not only invoke shared history,but also mutual appreciation for ancient poetry in the Chineselanguage.Many in china were touched by the poetic expression of support from Japanese citizens during theCOVID-19 outbreak.1 Why did the donation cause a stir?A、Because it came from JapanB、Bec

28、ause it was donated to Hubei provinceC、Because of the poetic message on boxes。D Because it was from chinao2、“Lands apart,sky shared,expresses a lot E X C E P T.A、the heartfelt regard B、the elegant languageC the significant moment in the history D、Japan?s love for Chinese culture3 Who wrote the poem

29、Embroidered on Kasaya Robes for Good Karma?5A A poet from China B、A poet of JapanC、A monk from China D、A politician of Japan4、What does4 4 the reference refer to in the last paragraph?A For the disciples of buddha to nurture good karma.B、The Complete Tang Poems.C、The largest existing collection of T

30、ang poetry.D、Lands apart,sky shared.5、What can we know from Paragraph 4 and 5?A、The poem was embroidered on 10,000 Buddhist robesoB、Jianzhen was inspired by the prince hymn and decided to be a traveler。C The poem was included in the largest existing collection of Tang poetry.D、After six attempts and

31、 the loss of his hearing,Jianzhen finally aiTived in Japan.【答 案】CDDDC【解 析】I.C 细 节 理 解 题。从 This was because of the powerful poetic message written on each box:“山 川 异 域,风 月 同 天。可 知 答 案。2.D 主 干 题 意 是“山 川 异 域，风 月 同 天。”表 达 除。之 外。D 明 显 不 对。并 没 有 表 达 日 本 人 对 中 国 文 化 的 热 爱。所 以 选 D。3.D 细 节 理 解 题。从 The line c

32、omes from a seventh century Buddhist hymn by prince Nagaya,a politician fromthe Nara period（710-794）of Ja p an,这 句 词 来 自 日 本 奈 良 时 期（710-794）的 政 治 家 长 谷 由 纪 子（prince Nagaya）七 世 纪 的 一 首 佛 教 赞 美 诗。可 知 答 案 选 D4.D 细 节 理 解 题。这 里 The reference指 前 面 提 到 的 诗 词.5.C 细 节 理 解。A The poem was embroidered on 10,00

33、0 Buddhist robes.错 误。正 确 1.000 robes,B 成 为 一-个 旅 人。错 误。C rf1 The poem was also included in the Complete Tang Poems,the largest existing collection ofTang poetry.这 首 诗 也 包 括 在 完 整 的 唐 诗 中。现 存 最 大 的 唐 诗 集。正 确。故 答 案 选 C。四、阅 读 填 空（共 5 小 题）根 短 文 的 内 容，从 方 框 所 给 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 够 填 入 短 文 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项，并 在

34、 答 题 卡 上 将 该 项 涂 黑。You may be worried about contracting the Novel Coronavirus（新 型 冠 状 病 毒）.Now there is no vaccine（疫 6苗 泪）for the new virus.Dont worry!46.4 7.Always wash your hands before you eat or drink anything.Its also best to wash your handsanytime youre out in public or after youre around some

35、one you think may be sick.Keep your hands away from your eyes,nose,and mouth.You can easily contract thecoronavirus if you touch your face with dirty hands.48 Use tissue or handkerchief if you need to.Dont go to a crowded place.Stay at home as often as possible.4 9.Put on a mask if you must go outan

36、d try to stay away from others.Remember to be away from people who are coughing or sneezing.Coughing and sneezing are common symptomsof coronavirus infection.5 0.Its said that the virus may be alive in the air or on your clothes for afew hours.A.They both can release the virus into the air.B.Here ar

37、e some ways to protect yourself against it.C.Wash your hands with soap and water.D.Always avoid touching your eyes,nose,and mouth with your hands.E.Taking part in a party or family gathering is not allowed,either.【答 案】BCDEA五、阅 读 理 解 On Feb 26,when an Italian lawmaker（议 员）went into thecountrys Lower

38、Chamber with a mask to prevent the novel coronavirus,he was criticized（批 评）by his colleagues for“causing panic（恐 慌）Articles from Western media carry headlines such as No,you do notneed face masks to prevent coronavirus.You might be surprised,as in China and other Asian countries,peoplehave willingly

39、 put masks on during the outbreak.Western thoughts about masksIn the West,people are taught to wear masks only when they get sick.Masks are seen as a tool to protect sickpeople and prevent the disease from spreading,so healthy people dont need to wear them.Therefore,during thenovel coronavirus outbr

40、eak,overseas Chinese students said that they would be“stared at like a virus spreader”ifthey go out with a mask.According to a survey done by Global Times among some European and American people,7wearing a mask in public can make them feel worried,shy,and afraid of being looked at differently.”But a

41、s the number of COVID-19 cases continues to grow around the world,many people in the West arechanging their attitudes.In the US,for example,the need for masks is very high now.The US surgeon general（卫 生 局 局 长）has been asking people to avoid hoarding masks,as they are more needed in hospitals than by

42、 thegeneral public,for this reason people should buy enough for their needs.Mask culture in the EastIn Asian countries like China and Japan,there has been a long tradition of mask-wearing.In China,fbrexample,when doctor Wu Liande invented the modern medical mask during the pneumonic plague（肺 鼠 疫）in1

43、910,the mask became a symbol of Chinas position as a modem,scientific nation,according to Scottish medicalanthropologist（人 类 学 家）Christos Lynteris.The 2003 SARS epidemic again led to the wide use of masks as aform of anti-viral protection in China and elsewhere in East Asia.In Japan,wearing masks ha

44、s long been seen as a manner to reassure（使 安 心）others when one catches a coldor flu.Some Japanese also turn masks into fashion accessories（配 饰），with different colors and patterns to matchtheir clothes.Wearing masks is also a way to hide fbr young women when they dont have their makeup on.In more col

45、lectivist（集 体 主 义 的）cultures in Asia,wearing masks might also be a symbol of solidarity（团 结）during the outbreak,according to Lynteris.4 4Mask culture in Asia creates a sense of a fate（命 运）shared,commonobligation and civic（公 民 的）duty.People wear masks“to show that they want to stick together“in the f

46、ace ofdanger,Lynteris wrote.1.Why dont healthy people in the West wear masks?A.They dont think masks can prevent disease.B.They think masks are for sick people to wear.C.Only medical workers need to wear masks.D.Wearing a mask looks funny.2.Masks have been widely used in China s i n c e.A.the invent

47、ion of the modern medical maskB.the pneumonic plague in 1910C.Christos Lynteris wore one publiclyD.the outbreak of SARS in 20033.What does Lynteris mean in the last paragraph?8A.People have no sense of duty if they dont wear masks.B.Mask culture creates a sense of collective obligation.C.Asian peopl

48、e are more united in the face of danger.D.We are a community with a shared future for mankind.4.What does the underline word“hoarding“in paragraph 4 mean?A.buying enough things people needB.collecting and keeping a large amount of thingsC.selling a large amount of thingsD.giving others something tha

49、t they need5.The purpose of the story is t o.A.explain why Westerners dont wear masksB.prove the importance of wearing masks during an epidemicC.show how opinions about masks differ between different countriesD.explain the history of masks【答 案】BABBC 解 析】1,B 细 节 理 解 题。从 第 三 段 In the West,people are t

50、aught to wear masks only when they get sick.Masksare seen as a tool to protect sick people and prevent the disease from spreadingo 在 西 方，人 们 被 教 导 只 有 在 生 病 时 才 戴 口 罩。口 罩 被 视 为 保 护 病 人 和 防 止 疾 病 传 播 的 工 具，所 以 健 康 人 不 需 要 戴 口 罩。可 知 答 案 选 B2.A 细 节 理 解 题。.In China,for example,when doctor Wu Liande inve