2023年考研外语押题预测卷9.docx

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1、考研外语押题预测卷9一、Use of English1、 To the people of the Bijagos archipelago, the shark is sacred. In (1) ceremonies young men from these islands (2) the coast of Guinea-Bissau must spear a shark and present the liver to their (3)But can this ancient ceremony (4)the economic fact that a bowl of sharks fin

2、soup can cost $150 in the Far East?In the archipelago, and all along West Africa5 s coast, sharks are being firmed to (5) Fishermen can earn $50-80 (6)a kilo of sharks fins, far more than ordinary fish. By the time they (7) the Far East, they could be (8) $500 a kilo or more valuable (9) aphrodisiac

3、s as well as for gourmets.The high demand is (10) shark populations in West Africa and elsewhere. Most fish, vulnerable to (11) eaten by bigger fish, protect their species by laying millions of eggs. But the shark has no natural enemy (12) man, and gives birth to just a (13)of young. (14)female hark

4、s are often caught (15) pregnant, the result has beenA.Some students would lag behind in science and math.B. Some students wouldn，t be able to get the E-rate.C. Some graduates would not have the skills to use the computer.D. Some graduates would be at a disadvantage in finding jobs.Which of the foll

5、owing is the best title for the passage?A.The Digital DivideB. The Necessity of Eliminating the Digital DivideC.How to Close the Gaps in TechnologyD.Discounted ServicesAccording to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true?A. More and more jobs require high-tech computer skills.B.The telecomm

6、unication industry objects to providing discounted services to schools and libraries.C. America will miss the bright future of the Information Age.D. Many people agree that Internet is a very important learning tool.6、 A major reason most experts today support concepts such as a youth services burea

7、u is that traditional correctional practices fail to rehabilitate many delinquent youth. It has been estimated that as many as 70 percent of all youth who havebeen institutionalized are involved in new offenses following their release. Contemporary correctional institutions are usually isolated一geog

8、raphically and socially一from the communities in which most of their inmates live. In addition, rehabilitative programs in the typical training school and reformatory focus on the individual delinquent rather than the environmental conditions which foster delinquency.Finally, many institutions do not

9、 play an advocacy role on behalf of those committed to their care. They fail to do anything constructive about the hack-home conditions-family, school, work一faced by the youthful inmates. As a result, too often institutionalization serves as a barrier to the successful return of former inmates to th

10、eir communities.Perhaps the most serious consequence of sending youth to large, centralized institutions, however, is that too frequently they serve as a training ground for criminal careers. The classic example of the adult offender who leaves prison more knowledgeable in the ways of crime than whe

11、n he entered is no less true of the juvenile committed to a correctional facility. The failures of traditional correctional institutions, then, point to the need for the development of a full range of strategies and treatment techniques as alternatives toincarceration.Most experts today favor the us

12、e of small, decentralized correctional programs located in, or close to, communities where the young offender lives. Half-way houses, ail-day probation programs, vocational training and job placement services, remedial education activities, and street working programs are among the community-based a

13、lternatives available for working with delinquent and potentially delinquent youth. Over and above all the human factors cited, the case for community-based programs is further strengthened when cost is considered. The most recent figures show that more $258 million is being spent annually on public

14、 institutions for delinquent youth. The average annual operating expenditure for each incarcerated youth is estimated at a little over five thousand dollars, significantly more than the cost of sending a boy or girl to the best private college for the same period of time.The continuing increase in j

15、uvenile delinquency rates only serves to heighten the drastic under-financing, the lack of adequately trained staff, and the severe shortage of manpower that characterize virtually every juvenile correction system.The content of this selection can best be described as.A.narrativeB.satiricalC.exposit

16、oryD.argumentativeWhat is this passage mainly about?A. As to delinquent youth, decentralized correctional programs are more effective than traditional correctional practices.B.Correctional institutions are superior to youth services bureaus in that they centralize delinquent youth.C. Most delinquent

17、 youth are liable to be involved in new offences.D. The reason why many experts prefer correctional institutions is that they succeed in rehabilitating delinquent youth.Which of the following statements is false?A. Correctional institutions are far away from the communities in which delinquent youth

18、s inmates live.B. Correctional institutions fail to help the young offender to cope with problems after they go back home.C. Correctional institutions are training ground for criminal careers.D.The rehabilitative programs in correctional institutions focus on environmental factors.The word z/incarce

19、ration/z (Paragraph 3) probably means.A. imprisonmentB.programC.offendD. crimeWhat can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Drastic under-financing leads to high juvenile delinquency rates.B. Juvenile correction system is in urgent need of manpower as well as trained staff.C. Due to the high press

20、ure and misunderstanding, juvenile delinquency is on the rise.D.Every juvenile correction system is faced with the same problems.8、 When I was in high school, I had almost no individual identity left. I was a Hillcrest Husky and all other highschools were enemies. I was a wrestler and all the other

21、sports were wimps. I was on the debate team and everyone else was dumb. At my high school, everyone had a group; no one was an individual. Wait, I take that back. There were a few individuals, but they were completely outcast from our social order. Never in my life can I remember stronger feelings o

22、f hate in high school. But we never called it hate. We called it loyalty.As adults, most of us are better at being an individual than we were in high school, but the influences of group identity continue to promote competition and prejudice in our world. If you are like me, you want to avoid teachin

23、g rivalry, conflict and prejudice to your children.One possible strategy for stopping the negative influences of group identity would be: recognize and replay. Look for the prejudice in your life and replace it with charity. Treat every person as an individual and ignore the social classifications c

24、reated by a group-dependent world.A good friend and I once discussed our differing religions beliefs. He identified with a certain group and I with another. Because of our dependence on group identity, our conversations revolved around the beliefs of the groups. Our individual beliefs, which were qu

25、ite similar, took a back seat while wediscussed topics we knew little about. We defended our groups even when we did not understand or know the official group position on many issues. The resulting rivalry has damaged our friendship ever since.My behavior, in this situation is exactly what scripture

26、 and wisdom teach us to avoid. How stupid I was to judge my friend by a group standard! How stupid I was to defend my own group even in areas I knew nothing about! I hope I can teach my children to behave differently.Here, I have used religious beliefs to point only one area in which the influence o

27、f group identity can create problems. There are many others to consider also. Some of these are marriage, race, culture, language, geographic origin, education, and behavior. We should treat all people as individuals regardless of these conditions.Finally, loyalty and group identity are not always b

28、ad. At times, they can help a lonely person to feel loved or a broken soul to feel success. Group identity can also help us to live a higher standard. But positive peer pressure should never replace individual, one-to-one acts of service and love.According to the article, came along with group ident

29、ity. A.rivalryB.prejudiceC.conflictsD. all of the aboveAccording to the author was emphasized in high school.A. individual identityB.group identityC.excellent abilityD.high scoresWhy did the author damage the friendship with his good friend?A. Because their group beliefs were dissimilar.B. Because t

30、heir group beliefs were similar.C. Because their individual beliefs were dissimilar.D. Bemuse their individual beliefs were similar.The following statements are the reasons that clarify group identity are not always bad EXCEPT.A. they can help a lonely person to feel lovedB.they can heap a broken so

31、ul to feel successC. they can help a person to live a higher standardD.they can promote competition15、We can infer from the article that author s attitude toward group identity is.A. biasedB. fair and justC. subjectiveD. emotional16、 Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious

32、pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust

33、) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions一short of a massive shift away from the private automobile一is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as com

34、pressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. Thesemolecules burn mom cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hyd

35、rocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reaction. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release un-combusted and photo-c

36、hemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanks一a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency-and liquefied petroleum gas faces fund

37、amental limits in supply.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon based alternative fuels: they have a higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gas

38、oline supplement, but k is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. MethanoT s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form, ozone, the mostpredictably disastrous. Shark-lik

39、e sawfish, which are also finned，are already virtually (16)off the Bijagos islands, and guitarfish are (17) threat.In some parts of West Africa, when sharks and other similar fish have been finned, the rest of the flesh is often (18), salted and exported to places like Ghana, where there is a (19) f

40、or It. Dried shark is used much (20) a stock cube would be elsewhere. But in the Bijagos islands, where traders are uninterested in exporting dried shark, carcasses are often left to rot on the beach.A.beginningB. startC. initiationD. initial2、(2)A. aboveB. alongC. onD. off3、A.eldersB. ancestorsseri

41、ous urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanal has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of gasoline done vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given vo

42、lume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than gasoline clone vehicles fueled

43、with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with.A.countering a flawed

44、argument that dismisses a possible solution to problemB. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problemC. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problemD.discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to itAccording to the passage, incomplete combusti

45、on is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because.A. the combustion of gasoline releases photo-chemically active hydrocarbonsB. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactionsC. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structureD. gasoline is compo

46、sed of small moleculesWhich of the following about air pollution does the passage suggest?A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will nor help lower urban air pollution levels.B. Attempts to reduce the pollutants that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle emits have be

47、en largely unsuccessful.C. Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline fueled vehicles.D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not themost critical source of urban air pollution.Which of the following does the author suggest as the most ap

48、pealing feature of methanol?A.It is substantially less expensive than ethanol.B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution system.C.Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels.D. Its use would make design improvements in individual vehicles feasible.It can be

49、 inferred from the passage that a vehicle specifically designed to use methanol for fuel would.A. be somewhat lighter in total body weight than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasolineB. be more expensive to operate than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasolineC. have a larger and more powerful engine than a conventional