2023年-economist经济学家.docx

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1、economist经济学家socialist economy社会主义经济capitalist economy资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector私营成分，私营部门public sector公共部门，公共成分ec

2、onomic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本

3、建设standard of living生活标准，生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞，萧条，不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets冻结资产fixed assets固定资产real estate不动产，房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产c

4、apital goods资本货物reserve准备金，储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund循环基金，周转性基金contingency fund意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund缓冲基金，平准基金sinking fund偿债基金investment投资，资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费，经费自给bank银行current accoun

5、t 经常帐户（美作:checkingaccount）current-account holder 支票帐户（美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票 （美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票，来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票travellers cheque 旅行支票chequebook支票簿，支票本（美作:checkbook）endorsement 背书transfer转让，转帐，过户money货币issue发行ready money 现钱cash现金ready money b

6、usiness, no credit given 现金交易，概不赊欠change零钱banknote, note 钞票，纸币（美作:bill）to pay （in） cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 夕卜汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券

7、hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving储装，存款depreciation 减价，贬值devaluation （货币）贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所，贡交易所quotation报价，牌价share股份，贡shareholder, stockholder 贡持有

8、人，股东dividend股息，红利cash dividend现金配股stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain股利收入issue发行贡par value股面价格，票面价格bull买手，多头bear卖手，空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times

9、 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raising limit 涨停板break暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人，借方arithmetic (arith)算术(算术) art艺术astronomy (astron)天文学(天文) ballet芭蕾舞biblical圣经的，圣经中的(圣经)biology (biol)生物学

10、(生物) book-keeping 传记botany (bot)植物学(植物) business贸易(贸易)chemistry (chem)化学(化学) cinema电影commerce (comm) 商业(商)computer (comp)电子计算机(计算机) cricket板球戏ecclesiastical (eccles)教会的(教会) engineering (eng)工程学(工程) electricity (clcctr)电学(电) farming 农业finance (fin)财政学(财政)football 足球gambling 赌博geology (gcol)地质学(地质) ge

11、ometry (geom)几何学(几何) grammar (gram) 文法(文法) history (hist)历史(史) journalism 新闻学 legal法律linguistics (ling)语言学(语言) mathematics (maths)数学(数学) mechanics ( mech )机械学(机械) medical (med)医学(医) meteorology (met)气象学(气象) military (mil)军语(军) music音乐mythology (myth) 神话nautical (naut)航海(航海) pathology (path) 病理学 phil

12、osophy (phil)哲学(哲) phonetics (phon)语言学(语言) photography (photo)摄影术(摄影) physics (phys)物理学(物理) physiology (physiol)生理学(生理) politics (pol)政治学(政治) psychology (psych)心理学(心理)racing赛马,赛车radio telegraphy (radio)无线电报(无线电)rugger橄榄球science 科学sport运动tennis网球theatre 戏剧trigonometry （trig）三角学（三角） zoology （zool）动物学（

13、动物） centre of population 城市 city 城capital 首都metropolis 大都市centre市中心 （美作:center）shopping centre 商业区 municipality市政当局 municipal市的,市政的 district 区residential area 居区,住宅区urban市区的suburb近郊区outskirts 郊区slums贫窟，贫区shantytown 贫区village 村hamlet小村hole, dump狭小破旧的住房locality所在地Chinese quarter 唐人街extension范围，扩展house

14、房子building 楼房skyscraper 摩天楼flat居住单元，套房shop, store 商店department stores 百货公司bazar, bazaar 市场market市场，集市junk shop旧货店newsstand 报摊Commodity Exchange 商品交易所Stock Exchange 贡交易所town hall市政厅Lawcourt 法院church教堂cathedral大教堂chapel小礼拜堂cemetery墓地，公墓grave, tomb 坟，墓school学校university 大学library图书馆theatre 剧院（美作:theate

15、r）museum博物馆zoological garden 动物园fairground, fun fair 游乐园stadium体育场general post office 邮局station 车站art museum美术馆art gallery 画廊botanical garden 植物园monument纪念碑public telephone 公共电话public lavatory 公共厕所national highway 国道traffic light 交通灯barracks 兵营常用男女名字各20个Girls* NameBoys* Name1 Ashleyl Michael2 Jessic

16、a! Christopher3 Amanda3 Matthew4 Sarah4 Joshua5 Brittany5 Andrew6 Megan6 Daniel7 Jennifer? Justin8 Nicole8 David9 Stephanie9 Ryan10 KatherinelO John11 Lauren 11 Steven12 RachelU Robert13 Samanthal3 Janies14 Heatherl4 Nicholas15 Elizabeth 15 Joseph16 Daniellel6 Brian17 Christina 17 Jonathan18 Emily 1

17、8 Kyle19Danicllel9Scan20 Christina20 William100% : one hundred per cent0.5% : point five per cent0.46% : point four six per cent2.05 : two point nought five;two point （） five6.003 : six point nought nought three;six point O O three78.12 : seventy-eight point one two119 : one one nine120 : one two oh

18、688 : six double-eight5337 : five double-three seven6512 : six five one two97868 : nine seven eight six eight893493 : eight nine three four nine three737964 : seven three seven nine six four62374881 : six two three seven fourdouble-eight one同一个时间可以有几种表达方式方法。1.1) 4:00 four oclock,four,4 o*clock1.2) 0

19、4:00 four in the morning, 4 a.m1.3) 16:00 four inthe afternoon,4 p.m2.1) 9:00 nine oclock,nine,9 o*clock2.2) 09:00 nine in the morning,9 a.m2.3) 21:00 nine in the evening,nine at night,9 p.m1) 1) 12:00 twelve o*clock,twelvc,12 o*clock2) 2) 12:00 twelve in the morning,12a.m,midday3) 3) 00:00 twelve a

20、t night,12 p.m,midnight4) 12:15,00:15 a quarter past twelve,quarter past twelve,twelve fifteen,a quarter after twelve5) 02:25,14:25 twenty-five past two,twenty-five minutes past two,two twenty-five,twenty-five after two6) 11:30,23:30 half pasteleven,eleven-thirty,half eleven,half after eleven7) 12:4

21、5,00:45 a quarter to one,quarter toone,twelve forty-five,a quarter of one8) 07:50,19:50 ten to eight,ten minutes to eight,seven-fifty,ten of eight下面的例句都是表示时间：What time is it, Gordon?几点了，戈登？Just after five.刚过5点。What,s the time now?现在是什么时刻？It*s quarter past.一刻了。Can you tell me the time?你能告诉我几点了吗？Its t

22、wenty-five past twelve.12点25分。Have you got the time?你知道现在是什么时间吗？It is nearly one o*clock.快一点了。What time does the boat leave from New York?船什么时间离开纽约？At a quarter past three in the afternoon.下午3点15分。The time is six forty-five.现在是6点45分。My watch says six thirty.我的表是6点30分。Its five to eight and breakfasfs

23、 at eight oclock.现在差5分8点B,早餐八点钟开。The time was 10:35 hours Greenwich Mean Time.现在是格林威治平时10点35分。Ill be back at quarter past one.我1点15分回来。By eleven oclock Brian was back in his office.布赖恩11点回到了办公室。At two o*clock in the morning caslon was still awake.到凌晨2点卡斯隆还没睡着。You should be there no later than nine t

24、hirty.你必须在9点半前到那儿。Office hours are from 9 a.m to 6 p.m办公时间为早9点到下午6点。同一日期的表达方式方法7 月 10 日 July 10,July 10th,10 July 或 10thJulyTuesday May the thirteenth5月13日星期二Monday the fifth of April4月15日星期一What date is it?今天是几号？Its the 30th today.今天是30号。They married on December 9,1913.他们于1913年12月9日结婚。Labour was de

25、feated in the General Election on 19 June 1970.工党在1970年6月19日大选中败北。The case was heard in the High Court in Februarv 1970.这个案件于1970年2月由高等法院审理。Where were you on the nights of February 4th and 7th?2月4日和7日晚上你都在什么地方？They lived toghther from December of that year until June of 1980.他们从那年12月到1980年6月一直住在一起。T

26、he pater he hands me has a 1975 date.他签发给我文件写的是1975年的日期。在英式英语中，日期在前月份在后，即顺序为 日月年，但在美式英语中，则月份在前日期在后， 即顺序为月日年。这一点必须注意，否则会发生错 误。例如我们写10786或10/7/86,在英式英语中 是July 10th 1986,而在美式英语中，则为October 7th 1986.我们使用的计算机上的时间就是美式英语。英美说法不同的还有，例如：这事发生在星期 四。在英式英语中It hppencd on Thursday.而在美 式英语中为 It happened Thursday.关于多少

27、多少年代。八十年代eighties指的是19801989,可写为 19800 另外 1980/985 可写为 early eighties,1985-1989 可写为 late eighties.例如：in Stockholm in the thirties三十年代在斯德哥尔摩I went on a computer training course in the nineteen eighties.我在八十年代进过计算机培训班。表达星期几的例句every Tuesday for the next few months下几个月的每星期二Im terrible busy on Saturdays.

28、我在星期六特别忙。On Monday nights, the pupils go to the cinema.星期一的晚上，学生们去看电影。Ive never worked on a Sunday in my whole life.我从未在星期日工作过。1840eighteen forty1900nineteen hundred1992nineteen ninety-twotravelling circus 巡回马戏团circus wagon （马戏团的）大篷车big top大帐篷，马戏篷tent帐篷ring, arena 场地tier看台master of ceremonies, M.C.节

29、目主持人，司仪parade, cavalcade 列队行进show节目circus act马戏节目trick rider, equestrian acrobat 马戏演员equitation, riding 马术equestrian, rider 马术演员fakir, magician, illusionist, conjurer, conjuror 魔术师mountebank, tumbler 变戏法者ventriloquist 腹语术者contortionist 柔术演员acrobat杂技演员balancer表演平衡技巧的人trapeze artist荡秋千演员walker, rope w

30、alker 走绳索者funambulist走钢丝者juggler耍把戏者sword swallower 吞剑者fire eater吞火者snake charmer 耍蛇者flier, flyer 空中飞人（美作:aerialist）clown小丑giant巨人midget, dwarf 侏儒horse trainer 驯马师wild animal trainer 驯兽师lion tamer驯狮者wild animal 野兽cage笼子whip鞭子performing animal 驯服的动物tights, leotard 紧身衣tumble翻筋斗double somersault 翻双筋斗hu

31、man pyramid 叠罗汉balance平衡技巧rings 圈springboard 跳板trampoline 绷床trapeze 秋千safety net安全网tightrope 绳索wire-walking 走钢丝balancing pole 平衡杆fair市场amusement park 游乐园merry-go-round, roundabout 回转木马（美 作：carrousel）switchback, scenic railway, big dipper 过山车（美作:roller coaster）ghost train魔鬼列车big wheel, Ferris wheel弗累

32、斯大转，大观览车dodgems, bumper cars 碰碰车slide, helter-skelter 突降滑道stall, booth 摊位fortune teller 算命者rifle range, shooting gallery 气枪打靶wheel of fortune 抓阉转tombola 摸彩Punch and Judy show, puppet show 木偶戏表 演greasy pole爬竿取物dance 舞classical dancing 古典舞ballet芭蕾舞corps de ballet 芭蕾舞团ballet dancer芭蕾舞演员tutu, ballet ski

33、rt 芭蕾舞短裙ballet shoe芭蕾舞鞋choreography芭蕾舞舞蹈设计steps舞步ballroom dance 舞厅舞ballroom, dance hall 舞厅dance orchestra 伴舞乐队dancing partner 舞伴folk dance 间舞festival 节目ice skating 滑冰figure skating花样滑冰ice skates冰刀鞋，滑冰鞋roller skating 滑旱冰roller skates式旱冰鞋discotheque迪斯科舞厅records 录音jukebox自动点唱机party聚会masked ball, fancy

34、dress ball 化装舞会，假面 舞会face mask 面罩half mask, small mask 半截面罩costume 服装carnival狂欢节carnival parade狂欢节队伍float彩车paper lantern 纸灯paper streamer纸带,彩纸带confetti五彩纸屑firework display, fireworks 焰火jumping jack, jumping cracker 到K爆竹banger响炮rocket起花cabaret余兴节目variety show, vaudeville 杂耍music hall杂耍戏院nightclub夜总会f

35、loor show夜总会的歌舞表演comedian喜剧演员singer歌手chorus girls歌舞团女演员pub酒店jazz club爵士乐俱乐部club俱乐部park公园flower gardens 花园playground 运动场zoo动物园excursion, outing 旅行，远足a day in the country 郊区一日游picnic野炊pleasure trip 漫游to go for a walk 散步swing秋千balloon 气球sandpit 沙坑（美作:sandbox）bucket and spade 桶和小铲sandcastle 沙塔miniature

36、golf小小高尔夫球rowing boat小划子，游艇paddle boat脚踏明游艇sailing boat 帆船lace curtain挑花窗帘windowsill 窗台air-conditioned有空调设备的radiator暖气片central heating 暖气ashtray烟灰碟smoking set 烟具electric fan 电扇chandelier, pendant lamp 吊灯fluorescent lamp 日光灯desk lamp 台灯bedside lamp 床头灯floor lamp落地灯wall lamp 壁灯lampshade 灯罩bulb holder

37、灯头bulb灯泡screw-type bulb 罗 口灯泡bayonet-type bulb 卡 口灯泡frosted bulb磨砂灯泡opal bulb, opaque bulb 乳白灯泡switch开关socket插座plug插头telephone 电话electric iron 电熨斗peg, hook 衣钩clothes-hanger 衣架door-mat门前的擦鞋棕垫manager 经理attendant服务员desk clerk值班服务员waiter （餐厅）服务员waitress （餐厅）女服务员rent租金bill账单receipt 收据post office 邮局sub-po

38、st office 邮政支局 （美作:branch postoffice ）window 窗口post-office box 邮政信箱poste restante 留局待取（美作:GeneralDelivery）cash on deliver 货到付款pigeonholes信函分拣台格架one-armed bandit, fruit machine casino 吃角子老虎，赌博机hotel旅馆guest house 宾馆main entrance 大门entrance hall 门厅staircase, stairs, stairway 楼梯balustrade, banister 楼梯栏杆

39、corridor 过道verandah 外廊lobby走廊lift, elevator 电梯information desk 问讯处reception office 接待室hotel register旅客登记簿registration form 登记表newsstand售报处postal service邮局服务处shop小卖部bar酒吧间lounge休息厅roof garden屋顶花园billiard-room ,球房dining-room, dining hall 餐厅meiVs room男盥洗室ladies room女盥洗室cloak-room 存衣处basement地下室cellar地窖

40、broom closet 杂物室room number 房间号码room key房间钥匙suite 一套房间single room单人房间double room双人房间sitting-room, living-room 起居室sofa, settee 长沙发easy chair 安乐椅armchair扶手椅wicker chair 藤椅folding chair 叠椅swivel chair 转椅rocking chair 摇椅stool凳子bench条凳tea table 茶几desk书桌bookcase 书橱bookshelf 书架wardrobe 衣柜built-in wardrobe,

41、 closet 壁橱chest of drawers 五斗橱screen屏风hat rack 帽架rug小地毯carpet大地毯single bed单人床double bed双人床twin beds成对床mattress 褥子quilt 被blanket 毯子sheet床单bedspread 床罩cotton terry blanket 毛巾被pillow枕头pillowcase 枕套mat席cushion 垫子bathroom 浴室bath tub 浴盆shower bath, shower 淋浴cold and hot water taps冷热自来水龙头 sprinkle-nozzle,

42、（shower） nozzle 喷头 dressingtable 梳妆台mirror镜子washbasin洗脸盆towel毛巾toilet, lavatory, washroom 卫生间water closet, W.C.厕所；抽水马桶toilet roll, toilet paper 卫生纸bath towel 浴巾bathrobe 浴衣towel rail, towel rack 毛巾架sponge海绵waste-paper basket 废纸篓thermometer 温度计balcony 阳台sash window上下开关窗shutters百叶窗transom, transom wind

43、ow 气窗curtain 窗帘sorting table 分拣台mail sorter信件分类装置sorting office信件分拣室letterbox 信箱（美作:mailbox）letter-scales 信件磅mailbag 邮袋postman 邮递员（美作:mailman）air mail, airmail 航空邮件（by） air mail航空邮寄parcel邮包diplomatic pouch, diplomatic bag 外交邮袋express delivery letter, special delivery letter 快递信件registered letter 挂号信

44、covering letter 附信to register 挂号to post a letter 寄信delivery 递送to deal with the mail 发信collection 收信correspondence 通信exchange of letters 书信往来acknowledgement of receipt 回执by return of post 立即回信writing paper 信纸envelope 信封addressee收信人consignee （包裹）收件人payee （汇单）收款人sender发信人address 地址postal district 邮区loc

45、al本埠letterhead印在专用印笺上头的单位名称.地 址等heading 台头date日期date stamp （加盖的）日期邮戳postscript 附笔，又及（P.S）please forward 请转发postcard明信片circular （letter）通知printed matter 印刷品money order, postal order 汇票，汇单telegraphic money order 电汇汇单stamp邮票postmark 邮戳franking, stamping 邮资postage paid邮资已付exemption from postal charges 邮资总付extra postage附加邮资telegraph, telegraphy, telegram, wire 电报 telegraph office 电报局Morse code摩尔斯电码dot点dash 线wireless telegraphy 无线电报