2023年-ISP《备用信用证惯例》.docx

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1、The International Standby Practices - ISP98 1998备用信用证统一惯例总则范围、适用、定义和解释1. 01范围和适用a.本规则旨在适用于备用信用证（包括履约、融资和直接付款备用信用证）。b.备用信用证或其它类似承诺,无论如何命名和描述，用于国内或国际,都可通过明确的援引而使其受本规则约 束。c.适用于本规则的承诺,可以明确地变更或排除其条款的适用。d.适用于本规则的承诺,在下文中简称备用证。1.02与法律和其它规则的关系a.本规则在不被法律禁止的范围内对适用的法律进行补充。b.在备用证也受其它实务规则制约而其规定与本规则冲突时，以本规则为准。1.03

2、解释的原则本规则在以下方面应作为商业用法进行解释：a.作为可信赖和有效的付款承诺的备用证的完善性；b.在日常业务中银行和商界的习惯做法和术语：c.全球银行运作和商业体系内的一致性;及d.在解释和适用上的全球统一性。1.04本规则的效力除非文本另有要求，或明确地进行了对本规则的修改或排除，本规则作为被订人的条款,适用于备用证、保兑、通 知、指定、修改、转让、开立申请或下述当事人同意的其它事项：i .开证人；ii .受益人（在其使用备用证的范围内）；iii .通知人；iv .保兑人；V.在备用证中被指定并照其行事或同意照其行事的任何人;及vi .授权开立备用证或同意适用本规则的申请人。L 05有关

3、开证权力和欺诈或滥用权利提款等事项的排除本规则对下述事项不予界定或规定：a.开立备用证的权力或授权；b.对签发备用证的形式要求（如:署名的书面形式）；或c.以欺诈、滥用权利或类似情况为根据对承付提出的抗辩。这些事项留给适用的法律解决。一般原则1.06备用证的性质a.备用证在开立后即是一个不可撤销的、独立的、跟单的及具有约束力的承诺，并且无需如此写明。b.因为备用证是不可撤销的，除非在备用证中另有规定,或经对方当事人同意,开证人不得修改或撤销其在该备 用证下之义务。c.因为备用证是独立的，备用证下开证人义务的履行并不取决于：I .开证人从申请人那里获得偿付的权利和相关能力；II .受益人从申请人

4、那里获得付款的权利；III .在备用证中对任何偿付协议或基础交易的援弓I ;或IV .开证人对任何偿付协议或基础交易的履约或违约的了解与否。d.因为备用证是跟单性的，开证人的义务要取决于单据的提示，以及对所要求单据的表面审查。e.因为备用证和修改在开立后即具有约束力，无论申请人是否授权开立,开证人是否收取了费用，或受益人是否 收到或因信赖备用证或修改而采取了行动，它对开证行都是有强制性的。1. 07开证人一受益人关系的独立性开证人对受益人的义务,不受任何适用的协议、惯例和法律下开证人对申请人的权利和义务的影响。1. 08责任限制开证人对以下事项不负责：i .提示人就不能拒绝开证人通知他的不符点

5、；ii .开证人没有被解除根据本规则审核提示的义务；iii .开证人没有义务放弃不符点.尽管申请人做了放弃；及iv .开证人必须持有单据,直至收到申请人的答复,或应提示人要求归还单据。如果开证人在其拒付通知后的10 个营业日内没有收到这种答复或要求，可以把单据退还提示人。5. 07单据的处置被拒付的单据必须按提示人的合理指示加以退还、持有或处置。在拒付通知中没有表明单据处置情况,并不排除 开证人用任何本可以主张的抗辩权来拒绝承付。6. 08面函指示/发件函a.伴随备用证下提示的指示,在不与备用证条款、索款要求或本规则相抵触时可以作为依据。b.伴随提示的由指定人作出的陈述,在不与备用证条款或本规

6、则相抵触时可以作为依据。c.尽管收到了指示，开证人或指定人仍可以直接向提示人付款、发出通知、归还单据或进行其它事务。d.面函中对单据不符的声明，不能解除开证人审核单证是否相符的责任。7. 09申请人的异议通知a.申请人应通过迅捷的方式及时向开证人提出对承付不符提示的异议。b.如果申请人在收到单据后一段合理的时间内向开证人发出通知，说明其拒绝的不符点，则认为申请人行为为及 时。c.如没有通过迅捷的方式及时发出异议通知，申请人就不能再对开证人就其收到的该单据提出任何不符点或其 它单据表面可见之缺点,但不影响其对同一或不同备用证下的其它提示提出该不符点。规则6:转让、让渡及因法律规定的转让提款权利的

7、转让8. 01请求转让提款权利当受益人请求开证人或指定人向另外一个人承付，犹如该人是受益人时，适用本部分关于提款权利转让(简称转 让)的规则。9. 02提款权利何时可转让a.除非明确注明，否则备用证不可转让。b.如一份备用证注明为可转让备用证，但未作进一步规定,则提款权利：i .其全部金额可以不止一次被转让；ii .不可以部分转让;及iii .不可以转让,除非开证人(包括保兑人)或在备用证中具体指定的人，同意并办理受益人所要求的转让。6. 03转让条件可转让备用证的开证人或指定人无需履行转让,除非a.它确信备用证正本的存在及其真实性;及b.受益人提交或履行：i .按开证人或指定人可接受的形式提

8、出的请求,包括转让的有效日期,及受让人的名称和地址：ii .备用证正本；iii .代受益人签署的人的签名证实；iv .代受益人签署的人的授权证实：V.支付转让费用；及vi .任何其它的合理要求。6. 04转让对要求提交的单据的影晌如为全部提款权利的转让，a.汇票或索款要求必须由受让受益人签署；以及b.在任何其它要求的单据中，受让受益人的名称可以代替转让受益人的名称。6. 05转让付款的偿付根据规则6. 03(a), (b) (i)和(b) (ii),进行转让付款后的开证人或指定人,有权获得偿付，犹如已向受益人作出了 付款。款项让渡的确认6. 06款项让渡若开证人或指定人被要求确认受益人关于将在

9、备用证下受益人获得的全部或部分款项支付给受让渡人的请求, 适用本部分关于款项让渡的规则，除非适用的法律另有要求。6. 07请求确认a.除非适用的法律另有要求,开证人或指定人：i .在没有对让渡请求予以确认的情况下，没有义务执行款项让渡;及ii .没有义务确认该让渡请求。b.如果让渡得到确认：i.该确认没有赋予受让渡人有关备用证的权利,该人只是对让渡的款项享有权利，并且其权利可以由于备用证修 改或取消而受到影响;及ii ,受让渡人的权利受制于：A.确认人确有应当付予受益人的净款；B.指定人和受让受益人的权利；C.其它被确认的受让渡人的权利;及D.根据适用的法律享有优先权的其它任何权益。6. 08

10、确认款项让渡的条件开证人或指定人可以规定其确认以收到下述文件为条件：a.备用证正本以备审核或批注；b.代受益人签署的人的签名证实；c.代受益人签署的人的授权证实；d.受益人签署的不可撤销的关于确认款项让渡的请求，包括声明、约定、认赔书，以及开证人或指定人制订的请 求格式中可能包含的其它条款,如：i .如果备用证允许多次提款,所涉及的提款是哪一笔；ii .受益人和受让渡人的全名、法律形式、地点及通讯地址；iii .影响备回证款项支付和交付的任何要求的细节；iv .部分让渡的限制和连续让渡的禁止；V.有关让渡的合法性和相对优先权的声明；或vi .如果开证人或指定人原本享有对受益人的追回全部或部分款

11、项的权利，则对受让渡人以其收到的款项为限 仍然享有的对应的追回权利。e.支付确认费用；及f.履行其它合理要求。6. 09对款项相互冲突的数项请求如果对款项有相互冲突的数项要求，则对被确认的受让渡人的付款可以暂停,直至冲突解决。7. 10对让渡付款的偿付根据规则6. 08 (a)和对确认的让渡请求进行付款的开证人或指定人,有权得到偿付,犹如它已向受益人付款。如果受益人是银行，这种确认可以仅仅基于经证实的函电。因法律规定而转让8. 11法律规定的受让人当那些声明根据法律规定继受受益人利益的继承人、遗产代理人、清算人、受托人、破产财产管理人、承继的公司或类似的人，以其自身名义提示单据,犹如是受益人授

12、权的受让人时,适用本部分规则。9. 12以承继人的名义提款需提交的额外单据对声称的承继人,应犹如它是受益人授权的有全部提款权利的受让人一样对待，只要它额外提示了看起来是由公 职官员或代表(包括司法官员)签发的文件,注明：a.该声称为承继人的是由股份有限公司、有限责任公司或其它相似组织,经合并、联合或其它类似行为而产生的 续存者；b.该声称的承继人系在破产程序中，被授权或任命为代表指定的受益人或其财产行事的人；c.该声称的承继人系由于受益人的死亡或丧失行为相关能力而被授权或被任命代表指定的受益人行事的人；d.受益人的名称已被更换为该声称为承继人的名称。开证人或指定人在从声称的承继人处收到提示后，

13、如果该提示除了受益人的名称外都是相符的,则a.可以要求再提交形式和合适的内容令其满意的下述文件：i .法律意见：ii .规则6. 12 （以承继人名义提款的额外单据）中提及的由公职官员签发的额外单据；iii .有关该声称的承继人因法律规定而成为承继人的声明、约定及认赔书；iv .支付这些审核涉及的合理费用；及v .规则6. 03（转让条件）或规则6. 08（款项让渡确认的条件）可能要求的任何事项。但是，这些文件不应如同备用证本来要求的单据一样适用备用证的效期规定。b.开证人或指定人在收到所要求的上述文件前,其承付或发出拒付通知的义务暂停履行，但是备用证要求的单据 的最后提示期限并不因此而延长。

14、6. 14对因法律规定而转让的付款的偿付在因法律规定而转让的情况下，根据规则6. 12（以承继人名义提款的额外单据）付款的开证人或指定人，有权得到 偿付，犹如它已向受益人付款。规则7：撤销7. 01不可撤销的备用证被撤销或终止的时间备用证下受益人的权利未经其同意不可撤销。这种同意可以以书面形式,或通过一个行为证明，比如通过归还备 用证正本暗示受益人同意取消。受益人对撤销的同意一经传达给开证人即不可撤销。10. 02开证人有关撤销决定的自主权在接受受益人授权撤销并把备用证完全撤销之前,开证人可以要求以形式和合适的内容令其满意的方式提供以 下文件：a.备用证正本；b.代受益人签署的人的签名证实；c

15、.代受益人签署的人的授权证实；d.法律意见；e.受益人为撤销备用证而签署的不可撤销的授权书，包括:声明、约定、认赔书，以及要求格式中包含的其它合适 的内容；f.令其确信所有保兑人的义务已被撤销的证据；g.令其确信没有转让并且任何指定人都未辑进行付款的证据；及h.任何其它合理措施。规则8:偿付义务11. 01获得偿付的权利a.若根据本规则对相符提示给予了付款,就必须由以下的人给予偿付：i .要求开立备用证的申请人向开证人偿付;及ii ,开证人向其指定作出付款或以其它方式作出给付的指定人偿付。b.申请人必须对由下述事由而产生的请求、义务和责任（包括支付律师费用）向开证人负赔偿责任：i .除在开证地

16、所适用的或备用证所选择的法律和惯例以外的法律和惯例的规定；ii .其他人的欺诈、伪造或其它非法行为;或iii .由于保兑人错误地拒绝履行其保兑,开证人代为履行保兑人的义务。c.本规则对其它适用的规定偿付或赔偿可以基于更少或其它理由的协议、交易程式、惯例、习惯或用法进行补 充。8. 02费用和成本的支付a.申请人必须支付开证人收取的费用，并偿付开证人在申请人同意下指定进行通知、保兑、付款、议付、转让或 开立单独承诺的指定人向开证人收取的任何费用。b.开证人有义务支付其他人的以下费用：i .根据备用证条款应支付的费用；或ii .指定人通知、付款、议付、转让或开立单独承诺所惯常发生的、而由于该备用证

17、下未作索款要求致使未曾或 无法从受益人或其他提示人处收取的合理费用和花费。8. 03偿付的退还 如果开证人拒付，在开证人及时拒付提示之前获得偿付的指定人必须退还偿付和利息，这种退还并不影响该指定 人指控错误拒付并请求偿付。8. 04银行间偿付从另一家银行获取偿付的任何指示或授权,适用国际商会银行间偿付的标准规则。规则9：时间安排9. 01备用证持续的时间备用证必须：i .含有到期日；或ii .允许开证人经合理的事先通知或付款而终止备用证。9. 02到期日对指定的影响在其指定范围内行事的指定人的权利，并不受随后的备用证到期的影响。9. 03时间的计算a.在本规则下必须作出某一行为的时间期限,是从

18、该行为应开始的地点的营业日后的第一个营业日开始计算。b.延展的期限开始于所注明的到期日后的第一个日历日，即使该日或到期日可能是开证人停业的一天。9. 04到期日的时间如果没有注明到期日的具体到期时间，它应当在提示地该日营业结束时。9. 05备用证的保留在要求付款的权利终止以后，保留备用证正本并不使备用证下的任何权利得以保留。规则10：联合开证/权益份额10. 01联合开证如果备用证有一个以上的开证人,而没有注明应向谁作出提示,则可以向任何开证人作出提示,并对所有开证人 具有约束力。10. 02权益份额a.除非申请人和开证人有其它约定,开证人可以出卖其对申请人和任何提示人的权益份额,并可不公开地

19、向潜在 购买人透露有关申请人的资料。b.开证人对其权利的出卖,并不影响备用证下开证人的义务或在受益人和任何购买权利人之间创立任何权利和 义务。The International Standby Practices - ISP98 1998ForewordPROLOGUEby Dr. Gerold Herrmann, Secretary, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) It was an extremely interesting and enriching experience for me to

20、 assist in drafting ISP98. This participation allowed me to witness (and now bear witness to) the very thorough and pragmatic drafting process in a superbly selected group, with representatives of all interested sectors actively involved in standby letter of credit practice such as： bankers, especia

21、lly those responsible for letter of credit operations and global trade transactions, bank counsel, attorneys, academics, regulators, government officials, corporate treasurers, and likely influential beneficiaries. The treasure trove of experience and expertise and the diversity of interests and per

22、spectives proved invaluable in determining- as was continuously done by examining concrete practical examples- whether on a given issue an operational rule would be desirable and useful and, if so, which solution would work best and reflect good practice.Continued participation in the preparatory wo

23、rk has also convinced me- as, I am sure, it would have anyone else- of the special characteristics of standbys at the operational level of practical detail and usage. Their special features, in my view, not only justify but also necessitate special contractual rules designed for standbys. As the con

24、stant comparison with the UCP clearly revealed, quite a few UCP Articles are inappro-priate for standbys and quite a few issues of paramount importance in standby practice are not addressed at all in the UCP. While a similar disparity in practice exists between the standby and the independent guaran

25、tee (the bank or demand guarantee European style), this seems particularly, if not exclusively, true for those types of actual use (e. g. financial standby, direct-pay standby) hitherto found only extremely rarely in guarantee practice. For this and other reasons, including firmness of the undertaki

26、ng, I would not be surprised to see not only standbys but also some demand guarantees issued subject to ISP98.For a professional unifier of law, participation in the preparatory work was particularly satisfying because of its interconnection with other harmonisation and reform efforts. In addition t

27、o the concordance with revised Article 5 UCC (the letter-of-credit law of the homeland of the standby) and the similarly close contact (and personal overlap) with the 1993 UCP revision task force, I am referring in particular to UNCITRALs work which culminated in the adoption in 1995 by the General

28、Assembly of the United Nations Convention on Inde-pendent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit.，z The idea of preparing special operational rules for standbys was born during the extensive debates comparing national laws as well as the two instruments to be married by that Convention. Since bri

29、de and groom were presented there in all facets and critically scrutinized by their future in-laws, UNCITRAL，s travaux preparatoires make for highly informative reading (as will future abstracts of court decisions to be published in UNCITRAL，s case collection system called CLOUT; homepage: www un. o

30、r. at/uncitral). It was gratifying to see the group preparing ISP98 refer continuously to the UNCITRAL Convention in order to ensure complete consistency. I must admit to special gratification by overhearing one of the world，s leading letter of credit expert* s remark to his banking colleague: “The

31、more I look at this UN Convention, the more I really like it. The above coordination or cooperation in the universal harmonisation and modernization efforts is welcome and in fact crucial because of the (often neglected or ignored) interdependence between the two very different levels of legal norms

32、: the contractual level, where such sets of rules like ISP98, UCP 500, or URDG become effective by agreement of the individual parties, and the statutory level, where internationally elaborated law like the UN Convention or domestic law (e. g. Art. 5 UCC) recognise and give full effect to the exerci

33、se of that party autonomy and regulate certain issues that can effectively be settled only at that level (e.g. standards of fraud exception, injunctive relief and other court matters). Therefore, ISP98 and the Convention supplement each other in an ideal manner and together lay the necessary basis f

34、or a smooth functioning of standby practice worldwide. PrefacePrefaceThe International Standby Practices (ISP98) reflects generally accepted practice, custom, and usage of standby letters of credit. It provides separate rules for standby letters of credit in the same sense that the Uniform Customs a

35、nd Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) and the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG) do for commercial letters of credit and inde-pendent bank guarantees. The formulation of standby letter of credit practices in separate rules evidences the maturity and importance of this financial product.

36、The amounts outstanding of standbys greatly exceed the outstanding amounts of commercial letters of credit. While the standby is associated with the United States where it originated and where it is most widely used, it is truly an international product. Non-U. S. bank outstandings have exceeded tho

37、se of U. S. banks in the United States alone. Moreover, the standby is used increasingly throughout the world.For convenience, standbys are commonly classified descriptively (and without operative significance in the application of these Rules) based on their function in the underlying transaction o

38、r other factors not necessarily related to the terms and conditions of the standby itself. For example: 11 A Performance Standby supports an obligation to perform other than to pay money including for the purpose of covering losses arising from a default of the applicant in completion of the underly

39、ing transactions.1 An “Advance Payment Standby supports an obligation to account for an advance payment made by the beneficiary to the applicant.1 A “Bid Bond/Tender Bond Standby“ supports an obli-gation of the applicant to execute a contract if the applicant is awarded a bid.1 A “Counter Standby su

40、pports the issuance of a separate standby or other undertaking by the beneficiary of the counter standby.1 A Financial Standby supports an obligation to pay money, including any instrument evidencing an obligation to repay borrowed money.1 A “Direct Pay Standby supports payment when due of an underl

41、ying payment obligation typically in connection with a financial standby without regard to a default.1 An z/Insurance Standby supports an insurance or reinsurance obligation of the applicant.1 A 7Commercial Standby supports the obligations of an applicant to pay for goods or services in the event of

42、 non-payment by other methods.In the past, many standbys have been issued subject to the UCP even though it was intended for commercial letters of credit. The UCP reinforced the independence and documentary character of the standby. It also provided standards for examination and notice of dishonor a

43、nd a basis to resist market pressures to embrace troublesome practices such as the issuance of standbys without expiration dates.Despite these important contributions, it has long been apparent that the UCP was not fully applicable nor appropriate for standbys, as is recognized in UCP 500 Article 1

44、which provides that it applies to the extent to which they may be applicable. Even the least complex standbys (those calling for presentation of a draft only) pose problems not addressed by the UCP. More complex standbys (those involving longer terms or automatic extensions, transfer on demand, requ

45、ests that the beneficiary issue its own undertaking to another, and the like) require more specialized rules of practice. The ISP fills these needs.The ISP differs from the UCP in style and approach because it must receive acceptance not only from bankers and merchants, but also from a broader range

46、 of those actively involved in standby law and practice corporate treasurers and credit managers, rating agencies, government agencies and regulators, and indenture trustees as well as their counsel. Because standbys are often intended to be available in the event of disputes or applicant insolvency

47、, their texts are subject to a degree of scrutiny not encountered in the commercial letter of credit context. As a result, the ISP is also written to provide guidance to lawyers and judges in the interpretation of standby practice.Differences in substance result either from different practices, diff

48、erent problems, or the need for more precision. In addition, the ISP proposes basic definitions should the standby permit or require presentation of documents by electronic means. Since standbys infrequently require presentation of negotiable docu-ments, standby practice is currently more conducive to electronic presentations, and the ISP provides definitions and rules encouraging such presentations. The development of S. W. I. F. T. message types