高三英语一轮复习语法专题---时态语态知识点梳理与题库.docx

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1、时态语态英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候， 指的是相应时态下的动词形式。高考重点要求：1 . 了解动词时态的时、体概念；2 . 了解常考十一种时态的基本用法并能够在真实的情景中恰当使用十一种时态进行交际;3 .能够区别容易混淆的时态的用法；4 .掌握各种时态及含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用； 分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen, take place, occur, exist等, 它们不能用被动语态； 分清主语与谓语之间的关系； 变被动语态的

2、动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也 可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢； 熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况。第一节知识梳理时态一、一般现在时概 念： 经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month.) ,once a week, on Sundays基本结构：动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)否定形式： am/is/are+not；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称

3、单数，则用doesn匕同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does, 同时，还原行为动词。Eg. It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.I didnt think they would have any objection to it.我想他们不会有什么反对意见。3）表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。如：Whenever he had time, Hams would go to see

4、 his grandmother.哈里斯一有时间就去看他奶奶。Joanna would go for a walk after时态总结时态名称构成一般现在时do/does,（连系动词 is/am/are）一般过去时did,（连系动词 was/were）一般将来时will/shall do, is/am/are going to do, is/am/are （about） to do现在进行时is/am/are doing过去进行时was/were doing将来进行时will be doing现在完成时has/have done过去完成时had done将来完成时will/shall have

5、 done现在完成进行时has/have been doing过去将来时would/should do; was/were going to do; was/were （about） to do语态，是英语语法的基础，在语法学中，语态是描述句子中动词和参与此动作之主语之 间关系的一个术语。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的发起者（或之 一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作之承受者，称为被动语态。一、被动语态的用法：1 . 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are +及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday.I am asked to

6、study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2 . 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3 .现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into spac

7、e by many countries.4 .一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5 .含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can

8、be handed in tomorrow.6 .现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.7 .不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. 一 There are twe

9、nty more trees to be planted.二、注意短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态Eg.That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。The doctor has been sent for.已经派人请大夫去了。Time must be made good use of.时间一定要充分利用。The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉 了。（在被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词）He must be prevented

10、from going,必须阻止他去。The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 计戈U必须尽早执彳亍。（谓语结构是：情态动词+be +过去分词）第二节巩固练习1 . Is Paul playing both soccer and tennis for the school?一 He . But now he has given up playing tennis.A. isB. hasC. wasD. had2 . Look! It looks as if it going to rain. We must hurry

11、.OK.A. wasB. isC. wereD. will be3 .- Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?Yes, thats why I to work by train.A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone4 .一 Look! Someone has spilt coffee on the carpet.Well, it me.A isntB. wasntC. hasnt been D. hadnt been5 . Fve bought a box of c

12、hocolates for our daughter.Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn*t like sweet things. that?A. Dont you knowC. Didnt you know6. Hello, Jim. IOh, Pm OK.A. dont expect; wereC. am not expecting; areB. Havent you knownD. Hadnt you knownto see you today. Sonia said you ill.B. havent expected; areD. didn*t exp

13、ect; were7. Look! How long like this?一 Three weeks! Its usual here that rainA. has it rained; poursC. is it raining; is pouring8. Our team was ahead during the first half, but weA. had lostB. would lose9. You neednt hurry her; sheA. will have finishedwithout stopping these days of the year.B. has it

14、 been raining; poursD. does it rain; pours in the last ten minutes.C. were losingD. lostit by the time you are ready.B. will finishD. has finishedC. will be finishing10 . Who is the old man talking with your teacher?一I dont know. I him before.B. had never seenD. wouldnt seeA. was never seeingC. neve

15、r saw11 . Tom came back home the day before yesterday.一 Really? Where at all?A. had he beenB. has he beenC. had he goneD. has he gone12 .一 Can I help you, Madam?一 No, thanks. I.A. have just looked aroundB. just look aroundC. just looked aroundD. am just looking around13 . I havent seen you for ages.

16、 Where have you been?I on leave in Europe.A. have beenB. amC. wasD. had been14 .一 Have you heard from Janet recently?No, but I her over Christmas.A. sawB. will be seeingC. have seenD. have been seeing15 .一 What were you up to when she dropped in?一 I for a while and some reading.A. was playing; was g

17、oing to doB. played; didC. had played; was going to doD. had played; did16 . He was hoping to go abroad, but his parents that they wont support him unless he can borrowmoney from the bank.A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide17 . With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities o

18、f good earth each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away18 . My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I half of it.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed19 . The news came as no surprise to me. I for some time that the factory was

19、goingto shut down.A. had knownB. knewC. have knownD. know20. One of them told me, This is the first time 1to the capital to attend theflag-raising ceremony.A. cameB. comeC. have comeD. had come21 . Do you have anything to do this afternoon?Whats up?,and all the sweaters are sold atLets go shopping.

20、It*s said that Jinying Shophalf price.Why not?A. has closed down B. was closing downC. closes downD. is closing downthen.B. am taking an examC. will be taking an examD. am to take an exam22 .一 What about 10 oclock tomorrow morning?Im afraid I cant make it. IA. am going to take an exam23 .一 Whats the

21、 matter? You look worried and restless.of my graduation thesis. IOh, nothing really serious. As a matter of fact, Ihave to hand it insoon.A. am just thinkingB. just thought C. have just thoughtD. was just thinking24 . Twenty dollars, please!-How terrible! Ito bring my wallet with me.A. was forgettin

22、gB. forgotC. had forgottenD. am forgetting25 .My money;I must go to the bank to draw some of the savings out before I havenone in hand.A. has run outB. has been run outC. is running outD. is being run out26 . What were you doing when I called you yesterday afternoon?my homework and I was starting to

23、 take a bath.A. had just finishedB. was finishedC. have already finishedD. was going to finish27. for Beijing?Yes. And Ill come back in three months.A. Have you left B. Are you leaving28. Why? Where is the key to the sound lab?一 Dear me! You it in the taxi!A. have never leftB. never leftC. Do you le

24、aveD. Did you leaveC. haven!t leftD. didn!t leave29 . Was the doctor there when you arrived?一 Yes, but he out a moment later.C. wentD. is goingA. had goneB. has gone30 . In warm weather fruit and meat long.A. dont keep B. cant be kept C. are not keptD. arent keepingKeys: 1-5 CBABC 6-10DBDAC 11-15 AD

25、CBC16-20 BDDAC 21-25 DCDBC26-30 ABBCA一般现在时的用法：1) 一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day 等时间状语连用。如：The shop opens at nine every day.这家商店每天九点开门。It seldom snows here.这儿很少下雪。2) 一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。Food easily goes bad in hot wea

26、ther.天气热时食物容易坏。3) 一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态The picture looks very beautiful.这幅画看起来很美。Air contains oxygen and nitrogen.空气含有氧和氮。4) 一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态Ill tell her about it as soon as I see her.When does the train arrive?火车几点到？5)用于图片说明或剧本中的动作提示和背景说明INSIDE THE SHELTER: Stockton slowly turns to face his wif

27、e. The angry screaming criesof the people ring in their ears even as they depart.防空洞中：斯道克顿慢慢转过身，面对他的妻子。那群人正在离去，而他们愤怒的尖叫 声却还回响在他们的耳边。6)电视节目直播解说Its Carter to serve- he needs just one more point. He serves. And Smith misses. What a great serve!So the championshipgoes to 19-year-old Harry Carter.该卡特发球了，

28、他只需再得一分就赢了。他发球了，史密斯接球失误。多漂亮的发球!冠军属于了 19岁的哈利卡特。二、现在进行时概 念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look.listen基本结构：be+doing否定形式：be+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。Eg. How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.现在进行时的用法：1）现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作表示现阶段正在进行的动作，通常用表示现阶段的时间状语，$n： today

29、, this week, this month, this year, this term, now 等。如：He is writing a novel now.他目前正在写一部小说。2）现在进行时表示经常性的动作现在进行时在表示经常性、重复性或习惯性的动作时必须与only, merely, simply, really, fast, rapidly, steadily, forever, all the time, always, constantly, continually, repeatedly 等频度 副词连用。如：She is always complaining.她总是在抱怨。3

30、）现在进行时表示按计划或已安排好要做的事这一用法只适用于某些动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, spend, sail, meet, fly 等。如：The guest is leaving by train tonight.客人今晚坐火车走。4）补充说明1在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字眼，但在译为 英语时必须用进行时态。如：Its raining heavily. 下大雨了。How is everything going?事情进展如何?2有些动词通常不能用进行时。不能用进行时的动词有：表示感觉或感情的词

31、， 如：hear, see, smell, taste, feel, seem, notice, hate, love, like, want, wish, refuse, prefer, forgive 等。表示存在或所属的词， 如：exist, stay, remain, obtain, have, own, form, contain 等。表示认识或理解的词，如：understand, know, remember, forget, believe, think, doubt 等。三、现在完成时现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态现在完成时的这种用法通常与由since或for引导的

32、时间状语连用。如：The old man have lived here for more than twenty years.老人已在此住了 20多年了。现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作1现在完成时的这种用法有时不带时间状语，有时可以和already, before, ever, just, lately, never, once, recently, yet等一些所指时间不具体的时间状语连用。如：Have you ever been to Australia?你去过澳大利亚吗？2有时现在完成时和now, today, this morning, this week, this y

33、ear等表示现在的时间状语连 用。如：I haven* t seen him today.我今天没见过他。I have seen him only once this year.我今年只见过他一次。现在完成时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来完成的动作Fil go to the party as soon as (or when) I have finished my homework.我完成作业后就去参加聚会。现在完成时和 until now, so far, in the past few years, up to the present 等表示从某时到目 前这段时间的状语连用I have n

34、ot heard from her so far.到目前为止，我没有收到过她的 信。We have learned five hundred words up to the present.到目前为止，我们已学了五百个生词。但要注意：当意义明确时、适用现在完成时的句子可以不用时间状语。如：He has done a lot of work.他干了许多工作。She has told me about her story.她跟我讲过她的故事。四、现在完成进行时概 念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始， 也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。基本结构： have/has

35、+been+ doing时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。Eg.： I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six oclock.现在完成进行时的用法：1)现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或刚刚结束的动作Fve been writing letters all this morning.我写了一上午信。（动作不再继续）ONeil is ill. Hes been lying in the bed for three weeks.奥尼尔在病中，已卧床3个星

36、期了。（动作会继续下去）2）现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的重复性动作现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不是一直在进行的动作，而是断断续续地反复发 生的动作。如:What have you been doing all this time?你一直都在干什么来着？（动作可能继续下去）That reporter has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.这些年那个记者一直为这家杂志撰稿。（断断续续地反复发生的动作）五、一般过去时概 念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语： a

37、go, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last （year, night, month.） ,in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day-long, long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构： be动词；行为动词的过去式否定形式： was/were + not;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。Eg. She often came to help us in t

38、hose days.I didnt know you were so busy.一般过去时的用法1） 一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态1 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night （week, year, month, Sunday） , then, at that time, at that moment, just now, a few days （weeks, months, years） ago 等。例句： Lucy turned off all the lights before she went out.出门前露

39、茜关了所有的灯。2 一般过去时也可以与today, this week （month, year）等时间状语连用，但这些时间状语 应指过去。如：Did you see him today?你今天见他了吗？ （today指今天已过去的某一时刻）3 一般过去时还可以和for或since引导的时间状语连用。如：I stayed there for two months.我在那里呆了 两个月。Nothing happened since then.打那以后什么事都没有发生。2）有时一般过去时的时间状语或是在上下文、或是暗含于句中Who was that?那人是谁？I saw Ker in town.我

40、在城里看见了克尔。3） 一般过去时在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去将来的动作或状态。Hans said he would let us know if he got any news.汉斯说要是得到消息就告诉我们。六、过去进行时概 念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：s+ was/were + doing否定形式：s+ was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）Eg. A

41、t that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.过去进行时的用法：1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作1过去进行时通常和时间状语连用。如：We were having dinner when they came.他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。2过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续的动作。如：Carlos was staying at home all last week.上周整整一周卡洛斯都在家呆着。They were building a dam last spring.去

42、年春天他们一直在修一个水坝。3过去进行时表示与过去某个动作同时发生的动作。如：I was reading while she was writing.我在读书，她在写字。4有时过去进行时用于主句，位于其后的when引导的从句表示意外发生的情况：I was walking in the street when it began to rain,我正在街上走着， 突然下起了雨。2）过去进行时表示过去将来的动作过去进行时的这种用法多表示过去的打算，通常仅限于come, go, leave, depart, start等一 些表示移动的动词。如：He didnt know whether she wa

43、s coming.他不知道她是否会来。The delegation was departing three days later.代表团打算三天后动身。七、过去完成时概 念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去时间状语：before,by the end of last year (tenn,month.) ,etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。Eg. As soon as we got to the station,the train had left.By t

44、he end of last month. We had reviewed four books过去完成时的用法：基本结构：主语+ had+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词十 一般疑问句1)过去完成时表示过去某时之前结束的动作或状态When he got there, the train had already left.他到 了 那儿时火车已经离开了。Ina realized she had made a mistake.艾娜意识至U她犯了 个错误。2)过去完

45、成时与when等从句连用had just / barely / hardly / scarcely done.when.,no sooner.than.是表示WU就”或“不等.就.”的固定句型。如：No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。I had not gone much farther before I caught them up,我没有走多远就赶上他们 了。3)过去完成时表示持续到过去某时之前的动作或状态We had finished the work by nine oclock yest

46、erday.昨晚九点前我们已完成了工作。The company had completed the project by the end of 1999.到1999年底公司已完成了那个项目。八、一般将来时概 念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语： tomorrow, next day （week,month,year.） , soon, in a few minutes, by., the day after tomorrow, etc.基本结构：主语+ am/is/are+going to + do; will/ shall + do.否定形式： am/is/are not going to do; will/shall not do。一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。Eg. They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.一般过去时基本用法：1）常见用法：