《医学英语术语学》眼科医学讲义.docx

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1、Medical English Terminology 医学英语术语学The Eye眼科医学Handout 讲义32- Sense organs-The eye (1)眼科医学(1)Anatomy and physiology 生理和解剖The Sensory SystemA sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, a

2、nd parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, auditory (hearing), somatic sensation (touch), gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell) and vestibular (balance/movement).感觉系统是神经系统中负责处理感觉信息的一个部分。感觉系统由感觉受体，神经通路和涉及感觉 知觉的部分大脑所构成。普遍认为感觉系统包括：视觉、听

3、(听觉)，躯体感觉(触觉)，味觉(味)，嗅觉(气味)和 前 庭(平衡/运动)Be responsible for 负责,主导Sensory receptor感觉接受器Neural pathways 神经通路Involved in 涉及Vision视力Auditory 听力Somatic sensation 机体感觉Gustatory 味觉Intraocular Pressure (IOP)眼内压Intracranial Pressure (ICP)颅内压 Ocul/: eye 眼睛 Cran/:颅Diagnostic tests 诊断 3Visual accommodation 眼调节 red

4、 reflex红光反射Consensual light reflex互感性对光反射Convergence reflex 辐揍反射 Dilated fundus examination (DFE)散瞳眼底检查 Optical coherence tomography (OCT)光学相干断层扫描 Fundus photography 眼底照相术 Electrooculography (EOG/E.O.G.)眼动电图描记法 Electronystagmography 眼震电图描记(法) Photostress test 光应力试验Treatment-1Keratoplasty角膜成形术LASIK r

5、efractive surgery 激光辅助屈光角膜层状重塑术 laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis Kerat/o: cornea, hard 角膜，硬Keratoconjunctivitis sicca 干燥性角结膜炎Keratoconjunctivitis 角膜结膜炎Keratoconus圆锥形角膜Keratomycosis角膜真菌病 keratosis角化症 -plasty: to modify or reshape 塑形 blepharoplasty In situ: in its original position or place Mileu

6、sis: to sharpTreatment-2Laser photocoagulation 激光凝固 cryosurgery 冷冻手术 Scleral buckle巩膜扣带Pneumatic retinopexy充气性视网膜固定术Keratotomy角膜切除术Vitrectomy (眼睛)玻璃体切除术 vitre/o: glasslike, gel-like 玻璃状，胶状 -pexy: fixation 固定 -tomy: cutting 切开 -ectomy: excision, surgical removal 夕卜科切除 pneumat/o: lungs or air 肺/空气Trea

7、tment-3 Phacoemulsification 晶状体乳化(法) Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE)囊外摘出术 Intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE)囊内摘出术 peripheral iridectomy周边虹膜切除术口 Keratometry角膜散光测量法 Foldable intraocular lens (IOL)折叠人工晶体 Phac/o:lens Extra: outer Intra: inner Implant:植入Phacoemulsification of a cataractous

8、 lens through a small scleral tunnel incision implantation of an artificial lens behind the irisTreatment-4Laser therapy激光手术Laser Trabeculoplasty激光小梁成形术Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ACT)氤激光小梁成形术 Trabecul/o:meshwork, lattice root 网状，格状Trabecular meshwork 小梁网Trabeculectomy小梁切除术 dia-: through, compelte

9、diagnosis 诊断 Therm/o: heat Thermometer 体温剂Diathermy透热疗法Hotcompresses 热敷 coldcompresses 冷敷Enucleation 摘出术Exenteration 清除术Eye (tissue) donationGraft rejection 移植排斥Corneal ring 角膜环34- Sense organs-The eye (4)眼科医学(4)summary of terminology 术语总结Aque/oWater 水Aqueous humor 房水Blephar/oEyelid (palpebr/o)眼睑Ble

10、pharitis 睑缘炎Conjunctiv/oConjunctiva 结膜Conjunctivitis 结膜炎Cor/oPupil瞳孔Anisocoria瞳孔不等Corne/oCornea(kerat/o)角膜Corneal abrasion 角膜擦伤Aqueducts 沟渠Aquarium水族馆Humor: moist Blepharospasm 眼睑痉挛 Blepharoptosis上睑下垂 Blepharorrhaphy 睑缝合术-potsis: dropping 下垂-rrhaphy: suture 缝合Anis/o: unequal, uneven 不对等 Hornefs synd

11、rome 霍纳综合征 Oculomotor nerve palsy 动眼神经麻痹Glauc/oGray 灰Glaucoma青光眼Mi/oSmaller, less 小Miosis瞳孔缩小Mydr/oWiden, enlarge 大Mydriasis瞳孔扩大Nyc/, Nyctal/oNight夜晚Nyctalopia 夜盲症Dacryorrhea流泪过多Keratoma角化病Keratonosis皮肤角质层病Lacrimator催泪物质 -plegia: paralysis or a stroke -plegic: adjective form Paraplegia 截瘫 Hemiplegia

12、 偏瘫 Cardioplegia 心脏停搏 Ganglioplegia神经节阻滞Glauc/oGray 灰Glaucoma 青）匕眼Mi/oSmaller, less d、Miosis瞳孔缩小Mydr/oWiden, enlarge 大Mydriasis瞳孔扩大Nyc/, Nyctal/oNight夜晚Nyctalopia 夜盲症mydriatic Nyctotyphlosis 夜盲症Nycturia 夜尿chrom/oColor颜色chromosomeAlb/oLeuk/owhiteAlbinismLeukocyteMelan/oblackMelanomaErythr/oredErythro

13、cytecirrh/oyellowCirrhosischlor/ogreenChlorosisCyan/oblueCyanosisOchr/oorangeOnchrnosisPurp/opurplePurpuraOcul/oeyeIntraocular 眼内的Opthalm/oeyeOphthalmologist 眼科医生Opt/o, opti/oEye, vision, viewOptometrist 验光师Palpebr/oEyelidPalpebral 眼睑的；Pupill/oPupilPupillary 瞳孔的；Retin/oRetinaRetinitis视网膜炎Papilledema

14、视乳头水肿Diopter屈光度Palpebral fissure 睑裂 Optometry 验光 Optometer 测眼仪 Exophthalmia 突眼 Exophthalmos Optician配镜技师 Snellen Eye Chart 视力表 Fetal alcohol syndromeLow nasal bridge 鼻梁低Epicanthal folds眼内赞赘皮Minor ear abnormalities 微小耳部畸形Short palpheral fissure 眼裂窄Indistinct philtrum 人中不明显Flat midface and short nose

15、脸中部平，鼻短Micrognathia小颌畸形Thin upper lip 上唇薄Scler/oSclera巩膜Corneoscleral角膜巩膜的Scleritis巩膜炎Uve/oUvea葡萄膜Uveitis葡萄膜炎Vitre/oGlassy玻璃状的Vitreous humor 玻璃状液Ambly/oDull, dim 暗Amblyopia 弱视Dipl/oDouble两个Diplopia 复视Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 Scleroderma 硬皮 病 degeneration of uveal tract 葡萄膜退行性 变Anisometropic amblyopiaAn

16、is: unequal, unevenMetropy: refraction of the eyeNulli-0nulligravidaHemi1/2Hemisphere 半球Mon/o1Monoxide 一氧化物Bis-2Bisalbuminemia双白蛋白血症Tri-, ter-3Triploid三倍的quadr-4quadriplegiaPenta-5Pentadactyl 五指（趾）的Hexa-,hex-6hexagon六角形Hept-7Heptahydrate七水混合物Oct-8Octopus 章鱼presby/oold age年老Presbyopia 老花眼Photo/oLight

17、 光Photophobia 畏光scot/oDarkness 黑暗Scotom盲点xer/oDry干燥Xerophthalmia眼球干燥症Xerodermia皮肤干燥症irrational, abnormal, unwarranted, persistent, or disabling fear as a mental disorder Acrophobia- fear of heights Anthropophobia-fear of people Hemophobia, haemophobia-fear of blood Nyctophobia-fear of darkness Claus

18、trophobia-fear of having no escape and being closed in Xenophobia - fear of strangers, foreigners, or aliensOpiavisionHyperopia 远视-opsiavisionHemianopsia 偏盲-tropiato turnEsotropia内斜视Phacoemulsification 晶状体乳化（法） Phac/o: crystalline lens of the eye 晶体 Emuls: suspend in a liquid 悬浮的液体 Emulsification:乳化

19、Emulsion：孚L剂IPhacocele ：晶状体突出Keralocele：角膜膨出Chloropia绿视症Cyanopia蓝视症Erythropia 红视症Corectopia瞳孔异位Dacryocystitis 泪囊炎 Dacryorrhea流泪过多 Diarrhea 腹泻 Menorrhagia月经过多Olfaction 嗅觉 Vestibular前庭段落选自：Pattern of events in the stimulation of a sense organ感觉器官的刺激模式Stimulus一Receptor cells in ear & eye一Nerve fibers 一

20、Brain where nerve impulses are translated into sound sensations and visual imagesOphthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eyeball and orbit. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye disease.眼科是研究眼球、眼眶解剖、生理和疾病的一门医学分支。眼科医

21、生（专家）是眼部疾病内、外科 的专业人士。Opthalm/o eye 眼睛 ocul/o: eye, eyesight 眼睛,视力-ology: the process of study 学科-ist /-tician : an expert 专家 Oculist眼科医生pediatrics 儿科 pediatrician 儿科医生 Obstetrics: 产科Obstetrician产科医生1. Anatomy and External layer of eyes 解剖和眼外层Eyeball （眼球）:Three Layers 眼球壁（Outmost Layer 夕卜层，Middle Lay

22、er 中层，Innermost Layer 内层） +Content眼球内容物Cornea角膜Sclera巩膜Eyebrow 眉毛Upper上眼睑Lower 下眼睑Eyelash 睫毛 lateral canthus 外眦 medial canthus 内 眦 temporal side 聂页侧 Nasal side 鼻侧2. Middle layers of eyes 眼中层（Vascular tunic or uvea 血管膜或葡萄膜）Choroid脉络膜Ciliary body 睫状体Iris虹膜Retina视网膜Pupil 瞳孔（Dilate 扩大,Constrict 缩小）Choro

23、id: Dark, brown membrane Contain blood vessels Provide nutritionLens晶体3. Anatomy and innermost layers of eyes 解剖和眼内层Retina视网膜Photoreceptors 光感受器Cones：视椎细胞Rods：视杆细胞Fovea centralis 中央凹Optic disc视神经盘Optic nerve 视神经Macula黄斑Central retinal artery视网膜中央动脉Central retinal vein视网膜中央静脉Anterior chamber 前房Poster

24、ior chamber 后房Vitreous body 玻璃体Zonules睫状小带Pathway and nervesRetina视网膜Optic nerve fibers 视神经纤维Optic chiasm 视交叉Optic tract 视束Thalamus 丘脑Cerebral context 大脑皮质 Cranial nerve II: Optic nerve 视神经 Cranial nerve III: Oculomotor nerve 动眼神经 Cranial nerve IV: Trochlear nerve 滑车神经 Cranial nerve VI: Abducens ner

25、ve 展神经CN III: Superior rectus 上直肌CN III: inferior oblique 下斜肌CN IV: Lateral rectus 外直肌CN III: Medial rectus 内直肌CN III: Inferior rectus 下直肌CN VLSuperior oblique 上斜肌Pathway of light rays光线传导通路Cornea (refraction)anterior chamber and aqueous humor(refraction) pupillens(refraction) 一Vitreous chamber and

26、vitreous humor(refraction)一Retina (Rods and cones) 一Optic nerve fibers一0Ptic chiasm Thalamus ( Relay center) Cerebral cortex (Occipital lobe)Aqueous humorCiliary process 睫状突一Posterior chamber 后房一Pupil 瞳孔一Anterior chamber 前房一Anterior chamber angle 前房角一Trabecular meshwork 小梁网Schlemms canalCollector ca

27、nals 集液管 一Episcleral vein巩膜上静脉Function: Provide nutrition 营养 Maintain Intraocular pressure 维持眼内压Lacrimal gland 泪腺Lacrimal sac 泪囊Lacrimal ducts 泪管Nasolacrimal duct 鼻泪管33- Sense organs-The eye (2)眼科医学(2)Common diseases and clinical manifestations常见疾病和临床表现Refractive errors 屈 光不正Emmetropia 正视眼Ametropia非

28、正视眼Astigmatism 散光Hyperopia (farsightedness)远视Hypermetropia 远视Myopia (nearsightness)近视Presbyopia 老花眼Refraction 屈光 Fract/: breakFracture 骨折Astigmatic lens 散光镜Biconvex lens双凸透镜Biconcave lens 双凹透镜Eyeglasses 眼镜Contact lenses 隐形眼镜 -opia: view 看 -metropia: refraction of eyes Emmtr/-:correct measure 正确测量 Pr

29、esby/o: old age Vex: make disturb Cave:洞穴；地窖Cataract白内障 Senile cataract老年性白内障 Congenital cataract 先天性白内障 Traumatic cataract创伤性白内障 Secondary cataract继发性白内障 Nuclear cataracts 核性白内障 Cortical cataracts皮质性白内障 Posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataracts 后囊下白内障S/S of cataractEarly： Blurred vision, decreased colo

30、r perception早期：视力模糊、颜色感知力下降Late： Diplopia, reduced visual acuity, absence of the red reflex, the presence of a white pupil 晚期：复视、视力下降、红光反射消失、瞳孔呈白色Retinal detachment 视网膜脱离Two layers of the retina separate from each other. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)色素上皮层 Neurosensory retina 神经上皮层 Photopsia (brig

31、ht flashes of light) |a光感 Floaters or black spots (signs of bleeding)眼前有小黑影飘动 Increase in blurred vision 视力愈加模糊 Sense of a curtain being drawn over the eye 眼前有幕遮感 Loss of a portion of the visual field, painless loss of central or peripheral vision一部分视野丢失(周边或中心视野)Diabetic retinopathy糖尿病视网膜病 Microaneu

32、rysms 微血管瘤 Edema, exudates 水肿、渗出 Dilation of retinal veins 静脉扩张 Hemorrhages 出血 Neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)新血管形成(Non)proliferative (非)增殖性 Tiny bulges in the blood vessels of the retina 视网膜血管呈细小膨出 Twisted or distorted BVs 血管扭曲或变形 blurred vision and darkened or distorted i

33、mages specks of blood, or spots floating in visual field 出血点，视野区有斑点 blindness 失明 cotton wool spots 棉絮状渗出点Glaucoma青光眼Diminished accommodation 眼适应力下降Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)眼内压增高 Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)原发性开角型青光眼 Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)原发性闭角型青光眼 extreme ocular pain

34、疼痛，blurred vision, redness of the eye, dilation of the pupil 瞳孑L扩大，blindness. gradual loss of peripheral vision 周边视野丢失(tunnel vision 管状视野)，headaches, blurred vision, halos around bright lights 虹视Macular degeneration 黄斑变性Dry: atrophy and degeneration of retinal cells (视网膜细胞的萎缩变性)and deposits of clump

35、s of extracellular debris, or drusen (玻璃膜疣).Wet: development of new (neovascular) and leaky (exudative) blood vessels.新血管形成、血管渗液Clinical manifestations 临床表现 Distorted vision in the form of metamorphopsia 视物变形，central scotomas 中心暗点，shadows or missing areas of vision视阴影或视缺失 Slow recovery of visual fun

36、ction after exposure to bright light Visual acuity drastically decreasing 视敏度下降 Blurred vision, loss of central vision Trouble discerning colors 辨色障碍 A loss in contrast sensitivity 对比敏感度丢失Intermediate age-related macular degeneration 中度老年性黄斑变性Eyelid abnormalities 眼睑异常Dacryocystitis 泪囊炎Blepharitis 睑缘

37、炎Hordeolum (stye)睑腺炎,麦粒肿Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid. 眼睑皮月旨腺 的局限性化脓性炎性葡萄球菌感染。S/S of Hordeolum (stye) Crusting of the eyelid margins 眼睑缘结痂 Burning in the eye眼睛有烧灼感 Droopiness of the eyelid 眼睑下垂 Scratchy sensation on the eyeball (itching

38、)眼球有搔痒感 Mucous discharge in the eye眼睛出现粘性分泌物 Light sensitivity/ photophobia 畏光DacryocystitisOrbital cellulitis 眼眶蜂窝织炎optic neuritis 视神经炎，proptosis 眼球突出，motility abnormalities 运动 异常or blindness失明.Strabisumus 斜视Esotropia-eye turns inward 内斜视-眼往内Exotropia-eye turns outward 外斜视-眼往外Hypertropia-eye turns

39、upward 上斜视-眼往上Hypotropia-eye turns downward 卜斜视一眼往下Ectropion睑外翻Entropion睑内翻-tropia, -tropion:turning Eso: toward 内 Exo-: outward 夕卜 Ec: out of, outside 外 En:in, into 内口 Epi:on, over 上 Subrbelow, under 下chalazion 睑板腺囊肿 nystagmus 眼球震颤34- Sense organs-The eye （3）眼科医学（3）Diagnosis and treatment 诊断和治疗Diag

40、nostic tests 诊断 1Fluorescein angiography 荧光素血管造影（术）:fluorescent dye （造影剂）is injected into the bloodstream（macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy）.fundus fluorescein angiography 荧光素眼底血管造影 Flu/o, Fluor/o: fluorine, fluorosis 氟 5-Fluorocytosine 5-氟胞喀咤 5-Fluorouracil 5-氟尿嚏咤 fluoride toothpaste 含氟牙膏

41、Visual acuity test视觉敏感度试验 Visual field test 视野测试 Corneal Fluorescein staining 角膜荧光素染色 Perimetry视野测量Diagnostic tests 诊断 2 Ophthalmoscopy检眼镜检查（法） Gonioscopy房角镜检查 Slit lamp microscope 裂隙灯显微镜 Binocular slit lamp examination Tonometry眼压测量法 Contact tonometry接触式眼测量 Noncontact tonometry非接触式眼测量 Ophthalm/o: eye Goni/o: angled, angular 角 -scope: instrument 仪器 -scopy:检查方法 -meter: -metry: measuring 测量 Mono-: one 一 Uni-: one 二 Bi-: two 三 Tri-: three 四