2023年中考英语精华知识点汇总.docx

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1、2023年中考英语精华知识点汇总一.英语语法重点与难点1、 asas结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。You re a boy as good as Tom.=You re as good a boy as Tom.2、 tooto与sothat sb. can t的句型转换:前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较：The man was too angry to be able to speak.The man was so angry that he wasn t able to speak.(2) tooto与not enough to句型的转换:He is too

2、young to get married. =He is not old enough to get married.The book is too difficult for me to read.=The book is not easy enough for me to read.3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义:(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词 如：She talks too much.她说话太多14. happen, take place 与 occurhappen有“偶然”的意思，多用于客观事物？情况的发生？。如：Whatever has happened to your arm? I

3、t s all swollen. 你 的手臂怎么了？肿得好历害！occur指有计划地使某些事“发生”，有时强调“呈现”于人的 知觉中。 如：Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你 难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话？事件作主语时，happen和occur可以通用？如：The accident happened/occurred yesterday.事故是昨天发生的。take place指事件发生，但常用来表示“举行”的意思，带有非偶 然性？例如：The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。15. in fron

4、t of, in the front ofin front of 的意思是“在前面”。如：There is a tree infront of the house.房子前面有一棵树。in the front of的意思是“在前部”，指在某个空间范围内的前面。如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室里前部有一块黑板16. noise, voice, sound这三个词都作“声音”解，在表示“听到声音”这个意思时，三者 可以通用，但它们又各有特定的含义。sound作“声音”解，含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音，如:a weak

5、sound微弱的声noise作“噪音，嘈杂声，吵闹声”解，指不悦耳，不和谐的声音， 它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如：Another kind of pollution is noise.另外一种污染是噪音。voice作“声音”解时，多指人发出的声音，包括说话声、歌声和 笑声。如：He shouted at the top of voice.他高声呼喊。有时 也用于引申意义，作“意见、发言权”解。如：I have no voice in the matter.对于这件事，我没有发言权。17. arrive, get, reach三者均可表示“到达”，arrive后通常接介词at （一般用

6、于较小的 地方）或in（一般用于较大的地方）？如：We arrived at the station five minutes late.我们晚了 5 分钟到车站？又如：They will arrive in Paris next Monday.他们将于下周星期一到达 巴黎？get 之后通常接介词 too 如：When we got to the park, it began to rain.我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。reach是及物动词（较get更正式），其后可直接跟地点名词做宾 语（不能用介词）。如：He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到 达北京。三.情态动

7、词1 .考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法考点快忆表示肯定推测的情态动词有：must 一定；准是”， may 也许；可能，might “或许”；表示否定推测的情态动词 有：cant不可能，couldnt 不会，may not 也许不”， might not “或许不”；can表示推测时不用于肯定句，may表示 推测时不用于疑问句。2 .考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语考点快忆回答must时;肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn，t 或dont have to。回答need时，肯定答语用must,否定答语用 neednt。回答may时，肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustnt或 can t o

8、3 .考查情态动词的意义考点快忆must “必须；have to “不得不”；need 必须； 需要 ；can(could) “能；可能”；may (might) “可以;可能”; shall, will (would) “将;会；愿意；要；should 应当”。“had better (not) + 动词原形” 表示建议；have to / has to / had to的否定，疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does /dido四.There be的句子结构There be是一个“存在”句型，表示“有”的意思,肯定句的形式为：There be +名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或 时间状语。b

9、e动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单 数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时, be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临 近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块 橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支 钢笔和一块橡皮。(1) there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为：There be + not + (any) +

10、名词+地点状语。There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。There arent any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。(2) there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there +(any) +名词+地点状语肯定回答：Yes, there is / are.否定回答：No, there isnt / aren，t.-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗-Yes, there is.有。-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗-No, there

11、arent. 没有。(3)特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)某地有多少人或物回答用There be .Theres one. / There are two / three / some .有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two .-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多 少学生-Theres only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。(4)如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much +不可数名词+ is there +地点状语How much wat

12、er is there in the cup?杯中有多少水五.中考对定语从句的考查：1 .定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从 句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定 语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday2 .关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之 间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语 从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词 可作状语。1 .作主语：关

13、系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的 人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I don t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2 .作宾语：She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape” .3 .作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中

14、作定语用。例如：What s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4 .作状语I 11 never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the blac

15、k jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate ?Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary i

16、s a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例 如：I ve read the newspaper that (which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I 11 never forget th

17、e time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 四.关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以 和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可 以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于

18、定语 从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only f

19、oreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。John is taller than any other boy in the

20、class.John is the tallest boy in the class.5、 the more-. . the more表示 “越越”:The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat, the fatter you are.6、 more and more表示”越来越”：More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger and s

21、tronger.二.中考考点一词组This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which,不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talkin

22、g is of great importance.考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。1. after, in这两个介词都可以表示“（时间）以后”的意思after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的 句子中？如：She went after three days.她是三天以后走的in以现在为起点，表将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子 中如：She will go in three days.她三天以后要走2. how long, how often, how soonhow long指多长时间，主要用来对一段时间（

23、如three days, four weeks等）提问？如：How long ago was it?这是多久前的事了？how often指每隔多久，主要用来对频率副词或状语（如once a week 等）提问？如：一How often does he come here? 一Once a month.他（每隔）多久来一次？每月一次。how soon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间（in an hour, in two weeks 等）提问？如：How soon can you come? 你多 快能赶来？3. few, a few, little, a little, several,

24、 some few和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”；而a few和a 1 ittle的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些，有一点儿” few和 a few修饰可数名词；1 ittle和 a little修饰不可数 名词several用于修饰可数名词，语意比a few和some更肯定，含有“好 几个”的意思some可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，从数量上说，它有时 相当于a few或a little,有时指更多一些的数量4. the other, anotherthe other指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指？如：We stood on one side of the

25、 road and they stood on the other. 我们 站在街这边，他们站在那边another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”，表示泛指，所以常用 来指至少三个中的一个？如：She has taken another of my books.她已经拿了我的另外一本书5. spend, take, cost, pay spend的宾语通常是时间？金钱？在主动语态中，句子的主语必须 是人，而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语？如：She spent the whole evening in reading.她把整个晚上用来读书take常常用来指“花费”时间，句子的主语通常是表示事物

26、的词 语？如：How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多 长时间？cost指花费时间？金钱或力气等，只能用表示事物的词做主语，并 且不能用于被动语态？如：How much does the jacket cost?这件 夹克多少钱？pay主要指主语（某人）买某物（或为某事）付多少钱（给某人）?如：I pay for my rooms by month.我按月支付租金6. among, between between的意思是“在中间，在之间”，一般指在两者之间？如：There is a table between two windows.在两扇窗户之 间有

27、一张桌子。between有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间, 但那是指在每二者之间。如：the relationship betweendifferent provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关 系（这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系？）7. beat, win这两个词都有“获胜，打败”的意思，但其后宾语不同？beat是“打 败，优于”的意思，后面接人或队？如：We beat them.我们打败了他们。win指“赢，获胜”，后面接比赛？名次？如：We won the match/game/race/the first place.我们赢了这场比赛（获得了第一名

28、）。8. agree with, agree on, agree toagree on表示“就取得一致意见”？如：We all agree on（making） an early start.我们一致同意及早出发？ agree with表示“与意见一致，后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词，也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从 句？。如：I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地 同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同 意你刚才所说的意见。agree to后面不能接人，只能接“提议，计划

29、，方案”等词句？如：1 agree to the terms proposed.我同意拟议的条件。9. bring, take, carry, fetch这四个词都是动词，都含有“带”或“拿”的意思，但使用的场合 各不相同。bring 作“带来，拿来”解？如：Next time don t forget to bring me a copy of your work.下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。take是bring的对语，作“带去，拿去“解？如：Take the box away, please.请把盒子拿走。car可表示“运载，携带”之意，运送的方式很多，可以用车、船， 也可以用手甚至

30、用头。如：This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如：Please fetch me the documents in that room.请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。10. each, every两词都是“每个”的意思，但着重点不同。each着重个别的情 况，every着重全体，有“所有的的意思。如：She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所

31、有的学生。11. no one, noneno one指“没有人（只能指人，不能用来指物），意思与nobody 相同，作主语时不必跟of连用，如：N。one believes him since he is not honest.没有人相信他，因为他不诚实。 No one else but I went.除我以外，谁也没去。none指“一个也没有（既可指人，也可指物）”，作主语时代替不可 数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词，谓语动词用单、复数 都可以。但在“主+系+表”结构中，如果表语为复数，则系动词要 用复数形式。如：None of us are （is） afraid of diff

32、iculties. 我们谁也不怕困难。12. go on doing, go on to do, go on with这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思，其区别如下：g。on doing表示“继续做，一直在做某事(中间无间断) ；go on to do 表示“接着做某事”，即某事已做完，接着做另一件事；g。on with 也表示“继续做某事”，其含义是某一动作一度中止后，又继续下 去。13. too much, much too二者都有“太，非常”之意，much too为副词词组，修饰形容词？副 词，不可修饰动词。如：It，s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。too much作“太多”讲，有以下三种用法？(1)作名词词组 如：You have given us too much.你给我们的 太多了。(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词 如：Don t drink too much wine.不要饮太多的酒