考前英语阅读综合训练(31篇).pdf

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1、考 前 英 语 阅 读 综 合 训 练 Part IQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Believe it or not,optical illusion(错 觉)can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75percent using a simple optical illusion.Bent stripes,called chevrons(人 字 形

2、)，painted on theroads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slowdown.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in WashingtonD.C.is planning to repeat Japans success.Starting next year,the foundation will paint chevronsand ot

3、her patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patternsreduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its testsi

4、n areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,andbridges.Some studies suggest that straight,horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut theaverage speed of drivers in half.However,traffic often returns to full speed within months asdrivers become

5、used to seeing the painted barsChevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster thanthey really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reductionin highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.1.The passage mainly d

6、i s c u s s e s.A)a new way of highway speed control C)a new approach to training driversB)a new pattern for painting highways D)a new type of optical illusion2.On roads painted with chevrons,drivers tend to feel t h a t.A)they should avoid speed-related hazards B)they are driving in the wrong laneC

7、)they should slow down their speed D)they are approaching the speed limit3.The advantage of chevrons over straight,horizontal bars is that the f o r m e r.A)can keep drivers awake C)will have a longer effect on driversB)can cut road accidents in half D)will look more attractive4.The American Automob

8、ile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans t o.A)try out the Japanese method in certain areasB)change the road signs across the countryC)replace straight,horizontal bars with chevronsD)repeat the Japanese road patterns5.What does the author say about straight,horizontal bars painted across

9、roads?A)They are falling out of use in the United States.B)They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C)They are applicable only on broad roads.D)They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Amtrak(美 国 铁 路 客 运 公 司)was e

10、xperiencing a downswing in ridership(客 运 量)along thelines comprising its rail system.Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDBNeedham,were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.At one time,trains were the only practical way to cross the vas

11、t areas of the west.Trainswere fast,very luxurious,and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existingat the time.However,times change and the automobile became Americas standard ofconvenience.Also,air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling greatd

12、istances.Therefore,the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider otheraspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trainswould be considered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted:1)anxious fliers-those c

13、oncerned withsafety,relaxation,and cleanliness and 2)travel-lovers-those viewing themselves as relaxed,casual,and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation.The agency then developeda campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom,escape,relaxation,and enjoymentof the

14、 great western outdoors.It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayedwestern train trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some ofthe more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of t

15、hese trains(Empire Builder,etc.).These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows andprograms involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences.Results were impressive.The Empire Builder,which was focused on in one ad,enjoyed a 15percent increase in p

16、rofits on its Chicago to Seattle route.6.Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A)To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed andconve-nience.B)To stress the inlluence of the automobile on Americas standard of convenience.C)To emphasize the function of tra

17、vel agencies in market promotion.D)To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumeratti-tudes.7.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the factt h a t.A)trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB)tr

18、ains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC)trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD)trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience8.To encourage consumers to travel by train,DDB Needham e m p h a s i z e d.A)the freedom and conven

19、ience provided on trainsB)the practical aspects of train travelC)the adventurous aspects of train tripsD)the safety and cleanliness of train trips9.The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature andAmerica b e c a u s e.A)they could focus on meaningful travel experience

20、sB)they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC)their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD)most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences10.According to the passage,the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profitsb e c a u s e.A)th

21、e attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB)it provided an exciting travel experienceC)its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD)it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and SeattleQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Why do

22、es cream go bad faster than butter?Some researchers think they have the answer,andit comes down to the structure of the food,not its chemical composition-a finding that could helprid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances,so why cream

23、should sour muchfaster has been a mystery.Both are emulsions-tiny globules(小 球 体)of one liquid evenlydistributed throughout another.The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in thesurrounding liquid,says Brocklehurst,who led the investigation.In cream,fatty globules drift about in a sea

24、 of water.In butter,globules of a watery solutionare locked away in a sea of fat.The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in thewatery regions of the mixture.This means that in cream,the bacteria are free to grow throughoutthe mixture,he says.When the situation is reversed,the bacteria

25、 are locked away in compartments(隔 仓 室)buried deep in the sea of fat.Trapped in this way,individual colonies cannot spread and rapidlyrun out of nutrients(养 料).They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.nInbutter,you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing/says

26、Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can bemade resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure.Brocklehurst believesit will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream,for instance,more like that in but

27、ter.The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.11.The significance of Brocklehursts research is t h a t.A)it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB)it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC)it revealed the

28、 secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD)it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition12.According to the researchers,cream sours faster than butter because b a c t e r i a.A)are more evenly distributed in creamB)multiply more easily in cream than in butterC)live on

29、 less fat in cream than in butterD)produce less waste in cream than in butter13.According to Brocklehurst,we can keep cream fresh b y.A)removing its fat C)reducing its water contentB)killing the bacteria D)altering its structure14.The word colonies(Line 2,Para.4)refers t o.A)tiny globules C)bacteria

30、 communitiesB)watery regions D)little compartments15.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can bemade resistant to bacterial a t t a c k.A)by varying its chemical compositionB)by turning it into a solid lumpC)while keeping its structure unchangedD)while retai

31、ning its liquid formQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun,but theman with the portable computer in business class.In the last 15 years,pilots have reported wellover 100 incidents that could have been ca

32、used by electromagnetic interference.The source of thisinterference remains unconfirmed,but increasingly,experts are pointing the blame at portableelectronic devices such as portable computers,radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA,an organization which advises the aviation(航 空)indust

33、ry,has recommended thatall airlines ban(禁 止)such devices from being used during critical stages of flight,particularlytake-off and landing.Some experts have gone further,calling for a total ban during all flights.Currently,rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.And although

34、someairlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing,most arereluctant to enforce a total ban,given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers.Experts know that portabl

35、e devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraftuse for navigation and communication.But,because they have not been able to reproduce theseeffects in a laboratory,they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerousor not.The fact that aircraft may be vulner

36、able(易 受 损 的)to interference raises the risk thatterrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment.As worrying,though,isthe passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud.16.The passage is mainly a b o u t.A)a new regulation for all

37、airlinesB)the defects of electronic devicesC)a possible cause of aircraft crashesD)effective safety measures for air flight17.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?A)They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.B)They may have taken place during take

38、-off and landing.C)They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers.D)They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.18.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devicesb e c a u s e.A)they dont believe there is such

39、 a danger as radio interferenceB)the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC)most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersD)they have other effective safety measures to fall back on19.Why is it difficult to predict the possible ef

40、fects of electromagnetic fields on anairplanes computers?A)Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B)Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C)Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.D

41、)Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.20.It can be inferred from the passage that the a u t h o r.A)is in favor of prohibiting passengers use of electronic devices completelyB)has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC)hasn zt formed his own opinion on this

42、problemD)regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flightQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:The rise of multinational corporations(跨 国 公 司),global marketing,new communicationstechnologies,and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in gl

43、obalpublic relations or PR.Surprisingly,since modern PR was largely an American invention,the U.S.leadership inpublic relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries.Ten years ago,for example,the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned.In 1991,only one was.TheBri

44、tish in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative.A recent survey found thatmore than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate(公 司 的)planningactivities,compared to about one-third of U.S.companies.It may not be long before Londonreplaces New York as the capit

45、al of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race?First,Americans as a whole tend tobe fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs.Knowledge of world geography,for example,has never been strong in this country.Secondly,Americans lag behind theirEuropean and Asian count

46、erparts(相 对 应 的 人)in knowing a second language.Less than 5percent of Burson-Marshallzs U.S.employees know two languages.Ogilvy and Mather has aboutthe same percentage.Conversely,some European firms have half or more of their employeesfluent in a second language.Finally,people involved in PR abroad t

47、end to keep a closer eye oninternational affairs.In the financial PR area,for instance,most Americans read the Wall StreetJournal.Overseas,their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of Londonand The Economist,publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry

48、 might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable NewsNetwork).Turner recently announced that the word uforeign would no longer be used on CNNnews broadcasts.According to Turner,global communications have made the nations of the worldso interdependant that there is no longer any such thing as foreig

49、n.21.According to the passage,U.S.leadership in public relations is being threatenedbecause o f.A)an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companiesB)shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesC)the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U.S.D

50、)increased efforts of other countries in public relations22.London could soon replace New York as the center of PR b e c a u s e.A)British companies are more ambitious than U.S.companiesB)British companies place more importance on PR than U.S.companiesC)British companies are heavily involved in plan