2015年高考英语总复习重点讲解英语词汇360题.pdf

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1、2009年高考英语总复习重点讲解：英语词汇360题1.In this factory,suggestions often have to wait for months before they are f ul l y.A.admitted B.acknowledged C.absorbed D.considered 答案 D.considered 注释 considered 考虑；admit 承认；absorb 吸收。注意 acknowledge 1)(=agree or admit the truth of;confess)承认，供 认；A.Heacknowledged his mista

2、ke.(他承认了他的错误。B.接动名词 He acknowledged having beenbeaten.(他承认被打败了。)2)(express thanks fo r)致谢；A.Mary acknowledged the gift with apleasant letter.(玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。B.His long service with the company wasacknowledged with a present.(向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)2.The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swim

3、ming pool without his parentsA.command B.conviction C.consent D.compromise 答案 C.consent 注释consent同意，赞成，答应。conviction深信，确信。compromise妥协,折中。command命令，指令；掌握，运用能力。3.Our research has focused on a drug which is so as to be able to change brainchemistry.A.powerful B.influential C.monstrous D.vigorous 答案 A.

4、powerful 注释 powerful(=having or producing great power)强有力的。在这里四个形容词中，只有 powerful(有效力的)可与表示药物的名词搭配。influential有影响的，有势力的,monstrous异常大的，vigorous精力旺盛的，强健有力的。4.The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.A.vanished B.abandoned C.scattered D.rejected 答案 B.abandoned 注释abandoned(=give up

5、 completely)放弃，抛弃；1)The scientist abandoned hisresearch for lack of fund.2)The sailors abandoned the burning shipl注意 abandon暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣，如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish(=suddenly disappear;go out of existence)vi.消失,绝迹;1)Theairplane vanished into the clouds.2)Many kinds of animals have vanished form

6、 the earth.(许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。)scatter(=send,go in different direction)驱使，使分散;The policescattered the crowed.(警察驱散人群。)(=throw or put in various directions)撒，到处放;Hescattered his clothes all over the room,reject(=refuse to accept)拒绝寸妾受；She rejected mysuggestion5.Henrys news report covering the conference

7、 was so that nothing had been omitted.A.understanding B.comprehensible C.comprehensive D.understandable 答案 C.comprehensive.注释comprehensive完 全 的 无 所 不 包 的;comprehensible能懂的，可以理解的；understandable可以理解的，主要用来指人的行为。understanding用来指人时，表示“善于理解 别 人 或 别 人 问 题 的(人)。“注意下面的搭配：a comprehensive map(街区详图)；acomprehens

8、ible remark(听得懂的话)，an understandable mistake(可以理解的错误)；anunderstanding friend(彳立能理解人的朋友)。6.She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her to Scotland.A.ticket B.place C.seat D.connection 答案 D.connection/lose ones connection t o 误了到 地方去的(汽车、火车、轮船的)联运;The trainwas late and I missed

9、my connection.7.The ship was in a storm off Jamaica.A.drowned B.sunk C.wrecked D.submitted 答案 C.wrecked 注释wreck v t.撞坏，毁坏；1)My son wrecked my car.2)My car was completelywrecked in the accident.sink v t.下沉，沉没，该动词也可作及物动词用，意为“使下沉二但按本题句意看，用被动语态不妥。drown 溺死，淹死：(vt.)He drowned his wife.(vi)He drowned in th

10、e river,(ftfe在河里淹死了。)submit 1)(=put oneself under the control of another)提交，呈 送(to)：Should a wife submit herself to her husband?(妻子应顺从他丈夫吗?)2)(=put forward foroption,discussion,decision ect.)提出(供评论、讨论决定等)You must submit your request tothe committee.3)(=surrender(to),give in)屈服,投降：After being defeate

11、d,they submitted tothe enemy.(打败后，他们向敌人投降了。)8.No one has been able to trace the author of the poem.A.still B.yet C.already D.just 答案 B.yet 注释 y e t常用于现在完成时的否定句中，意为“尚，还工9.More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in C a lif o r n ia,in SanFrancisco.A.previously B.predominantly C pr

12、actically D.permanently 答案 B.predominantly.注释 predominantly(=mostly;mainly)主要地。previously(=coming earlier in time ororder)先前，早先；This is better than any solution previously.(这个办法比以前提出的任何解决办法都好。)practically(=really;in a practical w ay)实际上。permanently(=going on for a longtim e)永久地。本题译文：在美国，华人中有三分之一居住在加

13、利福尼亚洲，其中主要是在旧金山。10.The new secretary has written a remarkably report only in a few pages but with allthe details.A.concise B.clear C.precise D.elaborate 答案 A.concise.注释 concise(=brief;giving much information in few words)简明扼要的：He gave aconcise report of the meeting.(他对会议作了简明扼要的报道。)clear 清楚的 precise(

14、=exact;correctly stated;free form error)精确的，明白无误的；Please tell me the precise measurements.(请告诉我精确的尺寸。)elaborate(=worked out with much care;carefully prepared)精心制作的，丰盛的：Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the money.(彼得制定了一项详尽得计划来筹集着笔款项。)孤立地看，似乎4 个形容词均能修饰report,但从句子的逻辑关系看，后半句中有 only in a

15、few pages but with all the details,故 concise 是最贴切的选择 了。11.The managing director took the for the accident,although it was not really hisfault.A.guilt B.charge C.blame D.accusatio 答案 C.blame.注释take the blame fo r对.承担责任。Take charge o f 负 责 管 理（照顾）。注意 charge前无冠词the.12.The worker agreed to the strike if

16、 the company would satisfy their demands.A.call for B.call forth C.call off D.call up 答案 C.call off（详见 111,25,26 注释）。13.1 could just B.make out C.get across D.take after 答案 B.make out（详见 111,123 注释）。14.He has impressed his employers considerably and he is soon to be promoted.A.eventually B.yet C.fin

17、ally D.accordingly 答案 D.accordingly.accordingly（=for that reason,therefore）因此，所以。15.It was a great for him to be pleasant to people he didnrt like.A.attempt B.trouble C.power D.effort 答案 D.effort.注释effort（作可数名词用）（=vigorous attempt）努力的尝试：Does it require a greateffort of will to give up smoking?（戒烟需要坚

18、强的毅力吗？）16.The firemen managed to the fire in time.A.extinguish B.prevent C.suppress D.ruin 答案 A.extinguish.注释 extinguish仁put out）v t.扑 灭（火焰等）。Stop the fire虽然也可以搭配，但按本句题意用extinguish为最佳。17.What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs.Richard common.A.nothing b

19、ut B.anything but C.above all D.rather than 答案 B.anything but.注释 anything but（=far from being）根本不；The boys knew they bad broken the rules,and they were anything but happy when they were called to the office.（=They were unhappy andafraid.）nothing but 只不过；Dont have him for a friend;he*s nothing but a

20、criminal.（不要把他当朋友，他只不过是个罪犯。）I have nothing but two dollars.（我只有2 美元。）above all最重要的。rather than而不是18.The car was completely and the driver seriously injured.A.broken offB.taken offC.written offD.picked up 答案】c.written off.注释 write off 报废，参看 III,200.注释;break off 参看 III.13.注释；take off 参看 III.170.注释;pic

21、kup 参看 III.130,129,注释）。19.On this happy occasion,Fd like to say that we are much obliged to you for yourkind cooperation.A.even so B.ever so C.as yet D.so far 答案 B.ever so.注释 ever so（=very）非常；Its ever so cold.与名词搭配时则用 ever such,如：Shes eversuch a nice girl.（她是一位非常好的姑娘。）even so（=although that is true,

22、nevertheless;still）即 吏如此：The fire was out,but even so,the smell of smoke was strong.（=The fire was out,but thesmell was still there.）20.His new appointment takes from the beginning of next month.A.place B.effect C.post D.office、答案 B.effect.注释 take effect 生效。21.The policeman stopped him when he was d

23、riving home and him of speeding.A.charged B.accused C.blamed D.deprived 答案 B.accused.注释 accuse sb.of.控告某人犯有 ，warn sb.of警告、告戒某人有 deprive sb.ofsth.剥夺某人某事。charge sb.with murder（指控某人犯有杀人罪）。22.Mr.Smith gradually a knowledge of the subject.A.attained B.achieved C.required D.acquired 答案 D.acquired.注释 acqui

24、red（=gain for oneself by skill or ability,by ones own efforts or behavior）（由技术、能力、努力或行为）获得；得 至 lj：He has acquired a good command of English language,（fife已精通英语。）achieve,v t.取 得（胜利、成功等），实 现（目标、目的等）。attain,v t.达 到（目的等）,取 得（成就等）：1）1 hope you will attain your object.（我希望你会达到你的目的。）2）He attained success t

25、hrough hard work.23.This is the piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A.actual B.genuine C.real D.original 答案 A.actual 注释本题中 actual（=existing in fact,not imaginary）实际使用过的。actual,read,genuine是同义词，有时可以互换，如：an actual（or real）event in history,（历史上的真实事件）,real（orgenuine）banknotes（

26、真钞票）,其 反 义 词 是 false（假的）；original（原来的），其反义词是duplicate（复制的）。从不同的角度看，似乎任何一个选择都说得过去.但按照题意选A.actual最佳，因为题中强调的不是钢琴的真假，而是指作曲家“实 际 使 用 过 的 本 题 译 文：这是作曲家创作他的一些杰出作品时实际使用过的那台钢琴。24.My camera can be to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A.treated B.adopted C.adjusted D.remedied 答案 C.adjusted.注释 adjust（

27、=arrange,put in order or agreement;make suitable or convenient for use）强调，调节，使适应；The body adjusts itself to change of temperature.（身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。）My eyes have not been adjusted to dark yet.（我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。）本句中adjust是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch.Its slow.俄必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。）25.According to the psychoanal

28、yst Sigmund Freud,wisdom comes from the ofmaturity.A.fulfillment B.achievement C.establishment D.accomplishment 答案 B.achievement 注释 achievement（=something successfully finished or gained especially through skill andhard work）取得，达到，成就。例如：achievement age 智力成熟年龄。fulfilment（=the act offulfilling or cond

29、ition of being fulfilled）履行，实行。如：He was willing to face any hardship infulfilment of his duties.（他愿意迎向困难去履行他得职责。）establishment建立,建设。Accomplishment（J II页利）完成：It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in twodays.（两天内打扫完这栋屋子是件很了不起的事。）26.The number of tickets will be determined by the s

30、ize of the stadium.A.adaptable B.acceptable C.advisable D.available 答案 D.available.注释 available.（=capable of being used;that may be obtained）可用的,有效的，可得到的。例如：1）There are no doctors available in the remote areas.（在边远地区没有大夫。）2）Theretickets are available for on month.（这些票有效期一个月。）acceptable 可以接受的:None of

31、 the suggestions was acceptable,advisable 明智的，可取的，适当的：I think it advisable that he be assigned to the job.（我认为指派他干这项工作是可取的 o ）adaptable 能适应的：He is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.27.Too many hotels have been built and this has prices,making holidays cheaper.A.cut short B.cut out C.

32、cut off D.cut down 答案 D.cut down.注释 cut dow n参 阅 IH,38注释）。28.He is a very honest official and never any gifts from the people who sought hishelp.A.accepted B.received C.took up D.excepted 答案 A.accepted 注释receive收到，接到，指“收,接”这一动作;而accept是经过考虑“接受吓来，表示当事人的态度，如：I received the present,but I did not accept

33、 it.（我收到了这件礼物,但我没有接受。）29.He was not to the club because he wasnt a member.A.allowed B.admitted C.permitted D.approved 答案 B.admitted.注释 admit sb.to（=allow sb.or sth.to enter;let in）允许某人某物进入;让.进 入:1）Children are not admitted.（儿童免进。）Only one hundred boys are admitted to the school theschool every year.

34、（这所学校每年只收 100 名男生。）admit（=acknowledge;confess）承 认 供认：1）We have to admit that he is a highly competent man.（我们不得不承认他是一位能力很强的人。）2）The thief admitted his crime.3）She admitted having read the letter,4）I admit breakingthe window.注意admit后可接动名词的一般式或完成式。5）We must admit the task to bedifficulto 注意admit也可以接复合

35、结构。allow和 permit后均可接sb.to do sth.,故不合本题题意。approve sth,批准；approve of doing sth.（=think well of）赞 成,赞 许:1）I am afraid theywont approve of your going there.（恐怕他们不会赞成 尔去那里的。）2）I dont approve of yourway of looking at things.俄不赞同你看待事情的方法。）30.Although he doesnt like that law,he will with it.A.confineB.conf

36、ormC.complyD.contend 答案 C.comply 注释 comply with 遵守。41.The Department is also deeply in various improvement schemes.A.connected B.included C.involved D.implied 答案 C.involved.注释 be involved in 参与。Be included in 包括在 中。42.Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves know where to look.A.vi

37、rtually B.variously C.unavoidably D.invariably 答案 D.invariably.注释 invariably总是，不变地。Virtually事实上，实际上。unavoidably不可避免地。43.The boy had a escape when he ran across the road in front of the bus.A.close B.short C.narrow D.fine 答案 C.narrow.注释 have a naiTow escape 幸免遇难。44.Do you mind if I with my work while

38、 you are getting tea ready.A.get through B.turn to C.carry on D.come on 答案 C.carry on.注释 carry on 继续，参看111,28。45.1 left for the office earlier than usual this morning traffic jam.A.in line with B.in case ofC.for the sake of D.at the risk of 答案 B.in case of.注释 in case of 参看III,94 注释)。In line with(=in

39、 agreement w ith)与 一致,符合:His actions were not in line with his belief.本句中 in line with 作表语。In line with history andsocial evolution socialism is inevitable.本句中 in line with 引导地短语作状语，意为“按 照 Forthe sake of 为了 起见。At the sake of 冒 的风险。46.The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to such

40、 a high level.A.popular B.well-known C.favorable D.preferable 答案 A.popular.注释 popular此处意为“(=liked and admired)受爱戴的，有名声或声望的”。47.It is wrong for someone in such a high in the government to behave too badly inpublic.A.situation B.position C.employment D.profession 答案 B.position.注释 position此句中指“地位”（不可数，

41、有时加不定冠词），如：1）She was a woman ofhigh position.2）a high（low）position society.48.We all knew from the very that the plan would fail.A.outcome B.outset C.income D.output 答案 B.outset.注释 outset 开端，开始，from the very outset（从一开始）。outbreak 爆发，发生outcome结局.income收入。output产量。49.He looked rather untidy as there w

42、ere two buttons from his coat.A.loosing B.losing C.off D.missing 答案 D.missing.注释 missing 缺少的；a book with some missing pages.（缺页书）。50.Lawyers often make higher for their work than they should.A.bills B.charges C.prices D.costs 答案 B.charges.注释 make charges for对 收（费）;索（价）0charge也可以用作动词,表示“收费，索价”，如：1）We

43、 dont charge anything for that.（对此我们不收费。）2）How much do you chargefor a haircut?（理个发要收多少钱？）51.The workmen made so much that Mrs.Walker had to spend three days cleaning upafterwards.A.trouble B.damage C.mess D.nuisance 答案 C.mess.注释 make mess弄得乱七八糟c Make a mess of”把.弄得乱七八糟：He made a messof his work.（他把

44、他的工作搞得乱七八糟。52.They have held several meetings to next years production plans.A.set down B.make out C.work up D.draw up 答案 D.draw up.注释参阅01,42。本题译文：他们已开过几次会议来起草明年得生产计划。53.How can we get this language point to the students.A.down B.round C.across D.into 答案 C.across.注释参阅111,64注释）。本题译文：我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清

45、楚？54.This book gives a brief of the history of the castle and details of the art collectionin the main hall.A.outline B.reference C.article D.outlook 答案 A.outline.注释 outline轮廓，概要;give an outline of sth.概要说明某事55.Dress w a r m ly,y o u ll catch cold.A.on the contrary B.or rather C.or else D.in no way

46、答案 C.or else.注释 or else（=otherwise;if not）否则：Hurry up,or（else）youll be late.56.Kates ambition to become a nurse from a desire to help others.A.prompted B.promoted C.programmed D.proceeded 答案 D.proceeded.;iW proceed form（=arise form）来自；由.产生：1）Clouds of smoke proceeded formthe chimney.（从烟囱里升起缕缕浓烟。）2）T

47、his proceeded from ignorance.（这是出于无知。）注意 proceed的其他用法：（=go on to do sth.;continue）接 着（做某事）；继续进行；1）He proceeded to give me a vivid description of the mountainous scenery there.（他接着给我栩栩如生地描述那里的山区景色。）2）接介词with;Now please proceed with your story.（现在请你接着将下去。）3）接介词to:We will now proceed to the next busine

48、ss.（我们现在将接着干下面的一件事。）4）准备取得（某种学位）：He will proceed to the degree of M.A.this year.（他准备今年取得文科硕士学位。）本题译文：凯特想当护士的志向出自于帮助他人的愿望。57.The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a.A.observation B.reservation C.preservation D.conservation 答案 D.conservation.注释 conservation 保存（自然资源等）the conservation

49、 of soil and water 水土保持；thelaw of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律。observation 观察；reservation（旅馆房间、戏院座位等的）预定；保 留（意见）；美 保留地：1）Have you make your reservations?（你预定了没有？）2）I will accept the suggestion without reservation.（我将毫无保留地接受这项建议。）3）The government has set apart Indian reservations.（政府已经戈ij 出印地安人保留地。）

50、preservation保存 We must strive for the preservation of our natural resources.（我们必须努力保护自然资源）conservation,preservation,reservation从汉语概念出发时很容易混淆。Conservation是动词conserve派生的名词，与原来动词的意义相同，表示“保持、保存”时，强调“珍惜、节用。Preservation是动词preserve派生的名词，强调“收藏、保存”使之完好无损或质量不变；常与食品、博物馆收藏的展品等词搭配。Reservation主要指意见、看法等的“保留”；作“保留地