unit4单元学案牛津译林版八年级英语下册.docx

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1、8B Unit 4 Reading一.学习目标：1. understand the extract from Gulliver s Travels with t he teachers help;2. understand the possible theme of (he story;3. learn how to read a novel and develop a love fbr reading二.知识目标词汇：against tie stomach until finger tiny continue either manage lift词组：crash against by the

2、 time be tired out tie. to move up over (he same.asShout at continue to do/doing sth manage to do sth a huge army of 句型： After our ship crashed against (he rocks,! swam as far as I could.By the time 1 finally felt the land under my feet, I was tied out.I moved up over my stomach and neck until it wa

3、s standing near my face.I tried (o pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.三.知识点1、After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.在我们的轮船触礁之后， 我尽可能地游。against用作介词，其具体意思如下：(I)相反；反对；违反；违背；逆。Wc all should fight against evil.我们都应该同邪恶做斗争。(2)撞击；撞着，碰着，顶着，触及，与相撞，同冲突。.I pus

4、hed against the door and the door opened at last.我用力推门，最后门开了。(3)逆行，逆方向，对着；跟反方向。Dont drive against (he iraffic.不要逆向行车。练一练：不要用球撞墙。.这里的asas one can could是个固定短语，表示尽某人所能相当于asas possible。Please come as early as you can.=Please come as early as possible.例句：玲玲尽可能多地用英语与她的同学交谈。2. By the time I finally felt th

5、e land under my feet, 1 was tired out.当我最后觉得土地在我脚卜 时，我累坏了。by the time通常引导一个时间状语从句，表示“到的时候”，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。值得注意的是，从句用一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时;从句用i般现在时，主句通常用将来完成时。By （he lime I got lo the station, the train had already gone.当我到达车站时火车己经开了。【注意】如果主句的谓语是be动词或者是像know等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用 一般过去时，不用完成时。By the time he

6、went abroad, he was fourteen.出国那年他 14 岁。练一练：当我到家时，他们已经离开了。3.1 woke up as the sun was rising我醒来了,这时太阳正在升起辨析rise和raise有何区别?这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。（l）raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人，可用于被动语态，意为“举起；提高”，如 抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等）。（2） rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升，升起：起身，起立（主语是人）; 上涨”以及“（日、月星等）升起到地平线上”。Please raise your han

7、d if you know the answer.如果你知道答案就请举手。（请举手，主语是你）The sun rises in the easl.太阳从东方升起。（太阳升起，由语是太阳）练一练：Its difficult for a child to （举起）the heavy box.The river recently.A . rose B. has raised C. has risen D. raised4. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）来

8、到我的脸上。stomach意为胃，复数形式是stomachs（1） until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一 般可译为“直到为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词（非瞬间 动词），如 live, wait, last, love* like, stay, work, continue 等。I will wail until you come back.我将一直等到你回来。（2） until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的 动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到才”。I didn,t leave

9、until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才离开。（3） until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现二He will stay here until his mother comes back.他将在这儿直等到他母亲回来。(4)unlil 也可作介词,意为“直到”,in：We talked until 10 oclock yesterday evening.练一练:我们将一直工作到你回家。.5. He was the same size as my little finger!他和我的小手指一样大!size意为“大小，尺寸”,与the same,

10、-*as连用构成短语the same size as,意为“和样大此结构属于 M the same+ n.+ asw = as+adj.+as”【例句】His room is the same size as mine.他的房间和我的一样大。练一练：他的年纪和我的一样大.6.1 shouted at them-the loud noise made them all fall over.我冲着他们大声叫嚷声音大得使他们所有人跌倒。shoutat意为“叫嚷”，一般表示因生气而对某人大喊大叫，带有感情色彩。例句Dont shout at the boy. He is afraid.别对那男孩大声叫

11、嚷。他害怕。【注意】shoutto意为“对大声喊，表示与某人距离较远，为了使对方听清楚而大声 说话 He shouted to the man on the other side of the street, u Come here.”他对街道对面的那个 人大声说：“过来。”练一练：His father got angry and shouted him, “ Stop playing and do your homework.vA. to B. at C. on D. for7. However, they soon got up again and continued moving acr

12、oss my body燃而，他们很快又 站了起来，继续在我身上移动。continue后接动词作宾语时动词可用doing和to do的形式喝过咖啡之后我继续做作业。After drinking a cup of coffee, I continued doing /to do my homework.8.1 did not know what to say either.我也不知道说什么。also, too, as weH 与 either 均表示“也”,但有以下区别:also* as well, too 用于肯定句，且also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well,

13、 too 用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。【例句】 He weni ihere loo.他也去那儿了。We didnt go there either.我们也没有去那儿。Hike you as well.我也喜欢你。You arc also a good student.你也是一个好学生。练一练：The doctor knows nothing.A. too B. either C. also D. as well9. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我试图空出一只手，最 后

14、设法解开了绳子。“设法做某事”，更倾向于做成某事，与succeed in doing slh.同义；而try lo do slh.倾向于 努力做某事，有没有成功不确定。【例句】I managed to see the writer.我设法见到了那个作家.练一练：I managed(buy) him the book he wanted.巩固练习1 .刚才我们的车撞到了一块大石头.2 .这个男孩尽可能地往高跳，但还是够不着苹果。3 .在汤姆到达山顶时，他筋疲力尽.4 .大雨过后，河里的水位上涨了。5 .老师要我们如果有问题就举手o6 .我们一直走到天黑才停下来。7 .小女孩看到母亲才停止哭。8

15、.休息了半小时后我们继续工作。9 .他们已经设法成功地到达了山顶。10 如果他不去，我也不去。11 .他的房间和我的一样大。8B Unit4 Grammar一.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词what, which, who, whose 和疑问副词when, where, how。1 .“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语等成分。如：How to deal with the problem is the most important to us.如何处理这个问题对我们来说是最重要的。（作主语）The problem is when to leave

16、 the place.问题是何时离开这个地方。（作表语）.适用于“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的动词包括：know, see, decide, tell. ask explain, forget, hear learn, remember think, wonder, understand 等。如：I do not know what to say next.我不知道接下来说什么。我不能决定拿哪一个。2 .有些动词,如ask, show, tell, advise, teach等，可以先加宾语,然后再加上适当的“疑 问词+动词不定式”结构。如： Please tell me how to get

17、there.请告诉我怎么去那儿。桑迪给米莉演示了如何开始这个在线旅游。3 . 一些形容词短语后面也可接“疑问词十动词不定式”结构作宾语。如：I am not sure which way to take.我不确定走哪条路。4 .有些疑问词，如how many, how much等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。 She wondered how many subjects to choose她不知道该选几门学科。5 .“疑问词+动词不定式”结构还可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。如：I do not know what to do. =1 do not know what I shoul

18、d do.我不知道该做什一么。他问他饭后该去哪儿购物？ =.注意点：若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，需要加上后面的介词。how用于该结构的注意点：有些动词后接“how+不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略：e.g.: Did you learn （how） to drive a car? 你学过开车吗？但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how+不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译 出，但不能将how省略。c.g.: He knows how to play the piano.He showed her how to swim.所有疑问句中，只有why不可以与动词不定式连用。原则上说，why

19、后不接不定式，不过若不定式不带10,则可用why。即：Why not go there at once?为什么不马上去那儿呢?Why argue with her? 为什么要跟她争论呢？注意：这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。你昨天为什么不打扫房间？误： Why not clean the room yesterday?IE： Why didnt you clean the room yesterday?二.must & have to 用法1、must表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意志和主观的决心。主要用于肯定句和疑问句， “必须，得，要二你今天必须完成家庭作业。must的否

20、定形式must not表示禁止，“不能，不允许”。你不能在这里抽烟。2、have to表一种客观的需要，“不得不，侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件作用的结 果。have to有人称和数的变化。天快黑了，你现在得回家了。have to 的否定形式 do not have to,相当于 need not 他们目前没有必要买电脑。注意：must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思、是“一定”。否定的猜测是can I。【例句】You must be hungry after all that walking.走了那么远的路,你一定饿了吧。That can t be Lucy. She has gone to Am

21、erican.那肯定不是 Lucy,她已经去 了美国。（1） hand v.交；递，给，“handin”表示“上交（作业），递交（文件）等”w hand in hand手拉手，手握着手练一练 The teacher told us to （交）in our homework.（2） renew vt. 续借；更新；重新开始re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下 三方面的意义：（I）表示回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return （回来,返回）recall （回忆，召回）（2）表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。例如：review （复习、评论）r

22、estart （重新开始）（3）表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。例如：reverse （反转，颠倒）resist （反抗，抵抗）练一练They are （复习）for the exam.When did you （归还）ihe books to the library?（续借）.If you want to keep the book for a long time, you can巩固练习 一 .单项选择1. I hid the money somewhere, but now I forget.A. to find it where B. where to find it C. where

23、can find it D. to where find itYou be very happy that you will go back to your hometown soon.一Oh, yes. I cant wait any longer.A. have toB. canC. mustD. may1.1 cant decideA. to choose which toyC. to which toy to chooseA. to choose which toyC. to which toy to chooseB. which toy to chooseD. choose whic

24、h toy4 . Can you tell us who and where to get help when we have problems?A. to talk B. will talk C. （o talk to D. will talk to.一Must I come back home before eight oclock, Mum?一No, you. But you have to come back before ten oclock.A. mustntB. cantC. needntD. couldnt.Wow!Theres so much nice food. I rea

25、lly cant decide first.A. where to eat B. what to eat C. when to eat D. how to eat二、句型转换1. Often we dont know where we can go on Sundays.（同义句转换）Often we dont know go on Sundays.2. We have to go to school at weekends.（改为否定句）We go to school at weekends.3. Must I start dancing now?（作否定回答）,.4. - Must I return the book this week?-No, you. You can it for 20 days.A. mustnt; keepB. neednt; borrow C. neednt; keep D. mustnt; borrow三、翻译句子1.学生们问该什么时候交作业。他们正在讨论把墙涂成什么颜色。每次来时，你得带上你的图书证。你知道该向谁寻求帮助吗?写作前，我必须阅读一些评论吗?6.我不确定在会议上该讲叫什么？