2023届高考复习资料【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧.docx

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1、【考前技能篇6】短文改错的解题技巧一、思维导图考点1名词和冠词考点2介词和数词考点3谓语动词误用考点4非谓语动词形式错误考点5形容词和副词误用二、解题点拨考点1名词和冠词例 I 2021 全国卷乙I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我喜欢做家务活。饭后，我总是帮助父母洗碗。(2)根据语法知识分析：名词单复数误用。短语do the dishes意为“洗碗”。例 2 2020全国卷 II Luckily, I will go home in two

2、weeks for summer vacations.考场思维：(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假了。(2)根据语法知识分析:summer vacation暑假”，是单数概念。例 1 答案：dishdishes例2 答案：vacations-vacation【过关检测】1. . 2021 吉林市第四次调研 JAny creative ideas which is about school life is warmly welcomed.2. . 2020-全国卷 IIIJMy mom is really concerned with the health of everyone

3、in our families.3. 2019 全国卷1111 will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.4. 2018全国卷 1【When I was Fridays night was our family game night.5. 2020全国卷IHFor example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.6. 2019全国卷IHEach of my ca

4、fes will have a different theme and an unique style.7. 2017全国卷 II Thcy live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.8. 2021江西省质量监测Only by tasting failure can we enjoy fruit of success.1. ideasidea2,familiesfamily3. citycities4.FridaysFriday5. thea6,ana7

5、.第一个a-an/one8.enjoy后加the【技法点金】.理清单复数使用情况(1)单个名词和不可数的名词要用单数。(2)多个可数的名词要用复数。1 .牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词advice news, information, progress, work, fun, weather, music, health, luck。2 .三类位置后常用名词(1)冠词后常用名词。(2)介词后常用名词。(3)形容词性物主代词后常用名词。3 .关注冠词的考查重点(l)a和an,表达数量或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素 (不是元音字母)开头的词前。(2)若对

6、于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。(3)若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置 空下来，形成“零冠词”。(4)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点2介词和数词例 I 2021全国卷乙In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. 考场思维：(1)语境含义：在我看来，学生做一些家务可以受益很多。(2)考查介词的缺失。benefit from/ by doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“得益于(做)某事”。例 2 2020全国卷 HIm glad to kno

7、w that youve come China (o learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你已经来到中国，在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。(2)搭配识记：come to+地点名词，表示“来到某地”。例 1 答案：benefit后力口from/by例2答案：come后加to【过关检测】1. 2021 吉林市第四次调研You can also choose to make changes in famous dramas to enter into the competition.2. . 2021新乡市第三次模拟Th

8、ere I found many people waiting their orders (o be checked out.3. 2019全国卷 II When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.4. 2018全国卷 II JThey would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometim

9、es.5. 2021 太原一模After graduating from high school, Im going to be a computer programmer, which I think is on great demand in the modem world.6. 2021吉林市第三次调研Without hesitation, I, under the help of Tom and Mary, carried her on my back lo (he clinic.7. 2021 河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟I remember clearly that when I w

10、as on my eighteen birthday, my father gave me a presenta picture book.8. 2021赣州市模拟In order to celebrate the eighty anniversary of the founding of our school, a big celebration was held in our school last Sunday.1.去掉into2.waiting后加for3.在high前面加in/at4.fbrwith5. onin6.underwith7. eighteencightccnth8.ei

11、ghtyeightieth【技法点金】L关注介词遗漏不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具 等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2 .明辨个词多余及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。(2)this/that/thcsc/thosc/last/ncxt/a/cvcry/cach等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词。3 .牢记相似介词的区别in, on, al的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示 在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。4 .识别序数词与基数词的混用

12、和错用“只描述数量多少的“用基数词；”强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5 .注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in onds+逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the+逢十的基数 词复数考点3谓语动词误用例 I 2021 全国卷乙Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship.考场思维：(1)语境含义：此外，这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，这改善了家庭关系。(2)谓语动词的误用。分析句子结构可知

13、，what引导宾语从句，句中的like作动词，意为“喜欢”，故 are多余。例 2 2020全国卷 II |Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice.考场思维：(1)语境含义：实际上，我从七岁就开始学功夫了，但我已经很长时间没练习了。(2)根据分析可知，本句考查谓语动词时态错误。由when I was seven years old”可确定该句谓语动词应 该为一般过去时态。例1答案：去掉are例2 答案：startstarted【过关检测

14、】1. 2021 黑龙江省大庆市 5 月联考John went shopping in a store, but he forgot to bring a bag. So he buys a shopping bag.2. 2021黑龙江省大庆市 5 月联考However, one day, I forget to wear one when I was heading for a vitalexam.3 . 2021黑龙江省大庆市 5 月联考It not only brings us pleasure but reduce waste aroundUS.4. 2021 江西省高三教学质量监测

15、We have both achieved success and suffer from failure, but different students has different attitudes towards failure.5. 2021吉林市第四次调研There is another thing that should be keep in mind.6. . 2021 马鞍山第三次监测After getting our tools, we were dividing into different teams.7. 2021吉林市第四次调研An English drama com

16、petition would be held in the school art hall next Friday.8. 2021 九江市二模Usually, sitting around the table, ail members of a family has meals together at meal ti me.1. buysbought2.fbrget*forgot3. reducercduccs4.suffcrsuffcrcd hashavc5. keep*kept6.dividing一divided7. wouldwill8.hashave【技法点金】.识别时态不一致文章前后

17、是现在式但却用了过去式，或前后都是过去式却用了现在式，导致时态不一致。1 .判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and, 01等后的动词与前面的哪个动 词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。2 .留心语态错误(1)构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。(2)主动语态中却多了 be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。3 .注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取更数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的 情况。4 .牢记情态动词用法(1)情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去或其他形式。(2)情态动词相互间的误用“考点4非谓语动词形式

18、错误例 1 2021 全国卷甲Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.考场思维：(1)语境含义：他们的回答也表明他们不喜欢和别人说话。(2)非谓语动词的误用。dislike doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“不喜欢做某事例 2 2020全国卷HII tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill. 考场思维：(1)语境含义：我对妈妈说如果我们被强迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。(2)根据固定搭配解题：be forced to do sth.“被迫做

19、某事”。例 1 答案：talktalking例2答案：eat前加to【过关检测】1. 2021 吉林市第四次调研It is rewarding take your time to prepare for the competition.2. 2021 江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考Please let me to know when you will be free and I will buy the tickets in advance.3. 2021 南昌二模To solve the problem. I forced myself to reading every paragraph

20、with patience, trying (o follow the plot.4. 2021 成都七中热身考试They watched him with interest, laughed loudly.5. 2021 宿州市质量检测As far as Im concerned, the activity gets us to know about the university and inspiring us to work hard.6. . 2021-焦作市三模When I opened the door, my mother seemed to feel a little emba

21、rrassing.7. 2021哈尔滨市第三中学第四次模拟Fell extremely guilty, I really hope you will accept my sincere apology.8. 2021江西省高三教学质量监测They find out the causes so that they will avoid made the same m istake.9. 2021 焦作市第四次模拟I had a ticket to a show I couldnt attend any longer. I was trying to sell it, but I was havi

22、ng a hard time find someone who would pay (he full price.10. 2021 贵州省适应性测试I think work for a newspaper and reporting from all over the world are really exciting.1. take前加to2.去掉know前to3.readingread4.laughed*laughing5. inspiringinspircs6.cmbarrassingembarrassed7.FeltFeeling8.mademaking9.findfinding10.

23、work-working【技法点金】.理清to的两种命题方式多余：感官动词和使役动词(gel除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。1 .辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。2 .搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别动词ing形式表主动、进行；动词cd形式表被动、完成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”, 常修饰物；而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。3 .掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词ing形式。4 .注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾

24、语常常使用动词ing形式或不定式。5 .明晰介词t。与不定式符号t。的用法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号2后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。考点5形容词和副词误用例 1 2021 全国卷乙Whats more, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. 考场思维：(1)语境含义：更重要的是，做家务是一种从学习中精神放松的形式。(2)形容词副词的误用&此处应用形容词mental修饰名词relaxation例 2 2020全国卷 H Pm surely youll have a good

25、 time.考场思维：(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心。(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。例 1 答案：mentallymental例2 答案：surelysure【过关检测】1. 2021安徽”五校联盟,第二次联考When she had finished, she proud put her cake into the oven to cook.2. 2021南昌二模It provides me with knowledge, and convinces me entire that being alone is not lonely.3. 2021 广西4 月模拟Now I

26、ve changed a lot. I have become an energy and positive girl.4. 2021江西省质量监测Whals worse, some even lose heart and no longer study as harder as before.5. 2019全国卷 II lOne was (hat I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more belter after seeing a doctor.6. 2021 焦作市三模The other day, I

27、went home so lately that my mother couldnt afford to wait me any longer.7. . 2021 -高三“五校联盟”第二次联考About ten minutes late, we smelt something burning.8. 2021 马鞍山市第三次质量监测ks a famous park in Ma,anshan. Therefore, sonic of its visitors leave garbage behind.1. proudproudly 2.entireentirely3. energyenergeti

28、c 4.harder-hard5.去掉more6.latelylate7. late*later8. There fbre* H owe ver1 .明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2 .理清比较级、最高级的误用原级和比较级混用。比较级和最高级混用。在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。在没有最高级的词前误加most。3 .关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地“，hardly意为“几乎不，几乎没有“；beside意为“在旁边”，besides意为 “另外.看清重点连接副词误用however主要用转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是“；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所