Unit1Peopleofachievement单元质量检测（解析版）-教案-高中英语选择性必修一.docx

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1、绝密启用前人教（2019）版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of achievement单元质量检测试题时间：120分钟分值：150第一部分：听力测试（共两节，20小题;每小题L5分,满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在 试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读 一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.B.9.18. C. 9.15.答案是Co1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附

2、件查看】What are the speakers probably doing?A. Learning a line.B. Shooting a film.C. Buying a camera.【答案】B【解析】原文】 W: Cut. Start from the top! Leo, please, lets try that line again with more enthusiasm.M: Im trying. Its getting late, and weve been shooting this scene for hours.W: Your character is falli

3、ng in love. Show us some emotion! Cameramen, get ready to shoot!2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why did the man go to Beijing last weekend?A. To meet his friend.B. To do shopping.C. To have lunch.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 M: Last weekend I took the train to Beijing to meet my friend and he invited me to have lunch. How ab

4、out you?W: I went there too. I just went window shopping with my friends, but I didnt buy anything. Tm trying to save money.【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容，特别是“Lets share our light and love while we are here then.（让我们在 这里分享我们的光和爱）”可知，作者写本篇文章的目的就是建议我们要和萤火虫一样，虽然是短暂地发出亮 光，但是我们也要在有限的时间里尽量分享出我们的光和爱。故选C。【27题详解】主旨

5、大意题。根据全文可知，作者喜欢萤火虫在夏夜给人们带来了亮光，它们虽然在世间的时间短暂，但 是却给人们带来了宝贵的亮光，为光之使者。故B项标题“Messengers of Light（光的信使）”最能体现出文章作 者的用意和萤火虫的特点。故选B。CThe first typewriters were big heavy metal machines that worked a bit like a piano Have you ever seen theinside of a real piano? You press a key and some levers（ 杠杆）make a small

6、 tool inside hit just the right piano string to make a note. Early typewriters were similar.They had all these levers with a metal letter at the end of each of them.You had to press a letter key quite hard to make the metal lever fly across and hit the paper.The first machine did have the letter key

7、s in the order of the letters we learn. But the trouble was that if you hit two keys quickly the levers would jam（卡住）.Jams were most likely when the two keys were close together on the keyboard.Christopher Sholes, an American inventor, succeeded in dealing with the problem.He tried many ways to avoi

8、d the need to type two keys that were close together. The best way he could find was similar to the QWERTY keyboard we all use today.Sholes also made the name of his machine easy to type. He placed on the same line all the letters of the wordsntypenand “writer”.He sold his invention to the Remington

9、 Company which built and sold the first successful typewriters.Later, many other kinds of the letter keys have been tried. Some are said to be easier to learn or faster to use. But none has proved good enough to beat QWERTY.QWERTY was developed for the English language. The keyboard slightly differs

10、 around the world. For example AZERTY is commonly used for French, QWERTZ for German,and QZERTY for Italian. Perhaps you can find someone from India, Japan or Korea. Ask them to show you the keyboard they use in their language.28. What is the authors purpose in writing the first paragraph?A. To expl

11、ain the difference between the typewriter and the piano.B. To show how the piano influenced the typewriter.C. To tell why the typewriter was invented.D. To explain how the early typewriter worked.29. Why did Christopher Sholes change the order of the letters on the keyboard?A. To make people type qu

12、ickly.B. To solve the jam problem.C. To help people remember it easily.D. To put frequently used letters together.30. What do we know about the QWERTY keyboard from Paragraph 4?A. It was doubted at first.B. It still needs to be improved.C. It s better than other keyboards.D. It made the Remington Co

13、mpany successful.31 What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The keyboard is changing over time.B.The word ”QWERTY”is out of date.C. The QWERTY keyboard is very popular.D. The keyboard changes with some languages.【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了打字机键盘的发展历程。打字机键盘随着某些语言的变化而变化着。 【2

14、8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段The first typewriters were big heavy metal machines that worked a bit like a piano. Have you ever seen the inside of a real piano? You press a key and some levers（ 杠杆）make a small tool inside hit just the right piano string to make a note. Early typewriters were similar.（第一代打字机是大型的重金

15、属机器，工作起 来有点像钢琴。你见过真正钢琴的内部吗?你按下一个键，里面的杠杆，正好敲击钢琴的琴弦来产生音符。 早期的打字机也是类似的工作原理。）由此判断出，作者写第一段的目的解释早期打字机的工作原理。故选 D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段But the trouble was that if you hit two keys quickly the levers would jam（卡住）. Jams were most likely when the two keys were close together on the keyboard.（但问题是，如果你快速按两个键，杠 杆就

16、会卡住。当键盘上的两个键靠得很近时，最有可能出现卡壳。）根据第三段“Christopher Sholes, an American inventor, succeeded in dealing with the problem. Christopher Sholes,（一个美国发明家，成功地解决了这个问 题。）由此可知，为什么克里斯托弗哨尔斯改变了键盘上字母的顺序是为了解决堵塞问题。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Later, many other kinds of the letter keys have been tried. Some are said to be eas

17、ier to learn or faster to use. But none has proved good enough to beat QWERTY.（后来，人们尝试了 许多其他种类的字 母键盘。有些据说更容易学习或使用更快。但是，没有一个被证明足以打败QWERTY键盘。）由此可知， QWERTY键盘好于其它键盘。故选C项。31题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“QWERTY was developed for the English language. The keyboard slightly differs around the world. For example AZERTY i

18、s commonly used for French, QWERTZ for German,and QZERTY for Italian. Perhaps you can find someone from India, Japan or Korea. Ask them to show you the keyboard they use in their language.（QWERTY是为英语开发的。世界各地的键盘略有不同。例如，AZERTY通常用于法语， QWERTZ是德语，QZERTY是意大利语。也许你能找到来自印度、日本或韩国的人。让他们向你展示他们 语言中使用的键盘。）由此可知。最后

19、一段主要讲键盘随着某些语言的变化而变化。故选D项。DScientists often compare coral reefs （珊瑚礁）to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals. The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color from algae （藻类） living inside them. When corals experience s

20、tress from hot temperatures or pollution, they halt the interdependent relationship with algae, typically pushing them out and turning white. Corals are still alive when they are white, but theyre at risk and many eventually die, turning dark brown.Scientists around the world are looking for means t

21、o protect and maybe increase corals. One common option is to create more protected areas 一 essentially national parks in the ocean. Beyond nature preserves, some conservationists are looking for more hands-on methods. One research center in the Florida Keys is exploring a form of natural selection t

22、o keep corals remaining. The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pollution, which is especially tough, because corals there help support fisheries worth $ 100 million every year.To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the centers director, and her team are harvest

23、ing samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattachingthem to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged ree

24、fs.In the Bahamas, Ross Cunning, a research biologist at Chicago9s Shedd Aquarium, focuses on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects. He published a study of two Bahamian reefs, one that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave, and one that didnt, “We think the

25、ir ability to deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genes； says Cunning. Theres evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need to investigate, adds Gunning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to.32. What does the und

26、erlined word “halt” in the first paragraph mean?A. Weaken.B. Develop.C. Strengthen.D. End.33. What do Muller and her team do to save corals?A. Restore the damaged reefs.B. Grow corals underwater.C. Create more protected areas.D. Move corals to unpolluted areas.34. What do Cunnings words suggest?A. M

27、any corals have been genetically improved.B. Cooling down the waters is the key to rescuing corals.C. The highest temperature corals can survive is unclear.D. Reasons for corals surviving heat waves need investigation.35. Which is the text mainly about?A. The efforts made to save corals.B. The impac

28、t of climate warming on corals.C. The survival crisis faced by coral reefs.D. The relationship between corals and algae.【答案】32.D33. B 34. C 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了科学家们为保护珊瑚而做出的努力。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color from algae （藻类）living i

29、nside them.（这种柔软的生物天生是半透明的，它们鲜艳的颜色来自于体内的藻类。厂可知， 珊瑚的颜色来自藻类，当珊瑚受到高温或污染的压力时，它们会停止与藻类的相互依赖关系，通常会将它 们赶出体内，然后变成白色，由此可知画线词词义为“结束、停止“，故选D项。33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the centers director, and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental

30、stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattaching them to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs.（为了 保持野生生态系统的活 力,该中心主任ErinnMuller和她的团队正在收集那些在环境压力下自然存活

31、下来的珊瑚样本，让它们繁殖, 然后将它们重新附着在珊瑚礁上。他们在海底的塑料框架上有46000个珊瑚。到目前为止，该中心已经在 受损的珊瑚礁上重新生长了超过7万个不同种类的珊瑚厂可知，为了保护生态系统和珊瑚，Erinn Muller和 她的团队在海底的塑料框架上种珊瑚。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题 o 根据第四段“Theres evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need to investigate, adds Gu

32、nning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to.（有证据表明， 珊瑚进化得更快，以抵御气候迅速变暖。Gunning补充说，科学家需要调查的一个大问题是珊瑚还能适应多 高的温度厂可知，科学家对珊瑚能存活的最高温度尚不清楚。故选C项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。 根据第二段“Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals. （世界各地的科学家都在寻找保护甚至增加珊瑚的方法厂和例举各地科学家的具体做法可知，本文主要介绍 为保护珊

33、瑚做出的努力。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两 项为多余选项。As we know, mental health is in a worse situation among young people globally. 36 This not only lowers quality of life, but has a negative impact on a teenagers growth. To get at the root causes of this declin

34、e, a group of scientists conducted a study and found the combination of high screen time and low green greatly affects mental well-being. Children nowadays spend more time than ever in front of electronic devices.The average daily screen time for 8-to-18-year-olds was 7.5 hours in the U. S. ten year

35、s ago. As the study states, “This greatly goes above guidelines of 2 hours per day. Now the condition is worse by the fact that so many schools are using technology to teach classes. Indeed some screen time can promote connections and enable tasks to be done more efficiently. 37 In addition to troub

36、ling nerve stimulation, too much screen time takes the place ofimportant protective behaviors for mental health such as physical activity, getting adequate sleep and academic activities.The study authors suggest that green time could act as a cure for screen time, essentially balancing its negative

37、effects. 38 The attention systems can be restored in natural environment when they are worn out, because they employ involuntary attention there, which is not tiring or effortful.39 The great nature could potentially function as a psychological well-being promotion intervention （干 预）for children and

38、 teenagers in a high-tech era. This knowledge could be a guide to public health departments that are struggling to restore happiness and cheer in countless anxious teenagers. 40A. Teenagers urgently need more green time.B. Screen-based technology makes kids less attentive.C. The frequency of depress

39、ion and anxiety is increasing.D. There are many more ways, nevertheless , in which it is harmful.E. It suggests more outdoor projects like building parks could be fundamental.F. Paying constant directed attention to screens can raise directed attention tiredness.G. This study highlights that nature

40、may currently be a potential public health resource.【答案】36. C 37. D 38. F 39. G 40. E【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文。由于电子设备的高频使用，全球年轻人精神方面的问题出现了大幅度的增加。一项研究表明，通过亲近大自然获得绿色时间能够有效帮助青少年重塑心理健康。【36题详解】空处前一句表示全球年轻人的精神健康处于一种更差的情形中，结合后一句This not only lowers quality of life, but has a negative impact on a teenagers growth （这

41、不仅会降低生活质量，而且会对青少年的成长产生负 面影响）.“推测，空处应该描写具体的精神健康差的表现，C选项“The frequency of depression and anxiety is increasing （抑郁和焦虑的频度正在上升）.”符合此处语境。故选C项。【37题详解】空处前一句Indeed some screen time can promote connections and enable tasks to be done more efficiently （事实 上，一些屏幕时间可以促进连接，使任务更有效地完成）.”陈述运用电子设备教学的优点；空前后一句“Inaddit

42、ion to troubling nerve stimulation, too much screen time takes the place of important protective behaviors for mental health such as physical activity, getting adequate sleep and academic activities （除了神经刺激之夕卜， 过多 的屏幕时间还取代了对心理健康的重要保护行为，如体育活动、充足的睡眠和学术活动）.”推测，空处语句 进行转折连接，D 选项“There are many more ways,

43、 nevertheless, in which it is harmful （然而，它还有许多有害 的方面）”表示转折，引起下文。故选D项。38题详解】空处前一句讲述了“green time （绿色时间）”对于治疗屏幕时间的负面影响起到重要作用，空后一句The attention systems can be restored in natural environment when they are worn out, because they employ involuntary attention there, which is not tiring or effortful （当注意力系

44、统疲惫不堪时，它们可以在自然环境中恢复，因为 它们在自然环境中使用不自觉的注意力，这并不累人，也不费力）表达注意力可以在自然环境中得到恢复; F 选项“Paying constant directed attention to screens can raise directed attention tiredness （持续关注屏幕会弓I 起定 向注意力疲劳）.”中的“attention”与下一句的“attentiorT对应。故选F项。【39题详解】空处为本段的总起句,后句“The great nature could potentially function as a psychologi

45、cal well-being promotion intervention for children and teenagers in a high-tech era （在高科技时代，大自然有可能成为儿童和青少年心理 健康促进干预的潜在功能）.”描述了大自然在治愈心理健康方面的积极作用；G选项“This study highlights that nature may currently be a potential public health resource （这项研究强调，自然目前可能是一种潜在的公共卫 生资源）中的potential”与下一句中的potentially”对应,且句首“T

46、hisstudy”与上一段句首“The study”对应。 故选G项。【40题详解】空处前一句描述公共卫生部门正在利用该知识重建青少年的心理健康，E选项“It suggests more outdoor projects like building parks could be fundamental （报告指出，修建公园等更多的户外项目可能是基础）为具 体的措施，作为补充，符合此处语境。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The measure of a m

47、ans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never he found out. Thomas MacaulaySome thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette ONeill gave a math 41 to our class. When the papers were marked, she discovered that twelve boys had made the same

48、 mistakes throughout the test.“There is really nothing new about 42 in the exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. ONeill didnt even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to43after class. I was one of the twelve.Mrs ONeill asked 44 questions, and she didnt 45 us either/ She wrote on the blackboard the 46 words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to 47 these words into our exercise books one hundred times.I dont 48 about the other eleven boys. Speaking for myself I can say: it was the most important single49 of my life. Thirty y