高考英语：七选五“定位分析”真题分析.pdf

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1、热点03 2七选五“定位解题”（新高考）命题趋势考情分析高考中，七选五高频考点为位于段中的细节句和过渡句；常考点为段首或段尾的细节句和过渡句与段首主题句，段尾总结句偶有考查。全新考法2020年 4 套全国卷取消对段落小标题的考查，更强调对文章的结构和脉络的理解：2021年新高考全国I 卷也未考查段落标题题。支 省高分经验句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。答题技巧

2、一、设空在段首若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。思考点（一）段落主旨句某段开头处设空的常见考查内容之一是该段的主题句。考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索句，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词，一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。典例 2021全国卷乙36,if youre out of your comfort zone or if

3、youre wandering into somebodys house forthe first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,trying different foods andtalking to strangers.A.How do you know the hostB.The first step is to go exploringC.If you ask the question“How did you get here?”D.Be prepared to have awkward con

4、versations with strangersE.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF.What about that person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talkingG.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most解析：本题考查段落主旨句。根据空后的if youre out of your comfort zone

5、 or if yourewandering into somebody house for the first 可知，空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关，再结合下文的“just to show up and be adventurous,trying differentfoods and talking to strangers”可知，露面、敢于冒险，尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。“The first step is to go exploring”（第一步是去探索）是对这些做法的总结，符合语境。自主解答：思考点（二）承上启下过渡句当非首段的第一句设空时，设空

6、处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。此类题目要求考生既要熟悉前文（尤其是上一段）的内容，又要结合本段内容，综合考虑后选择能使前后段自然衔接的答案。述 册 读 典例 2021 新高考I 卷38.The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.Frenchstrawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavorbombs.39 On our first morning in P

7、aris,I went around the comer to the food market to pick up somegroceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.Myhusband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost$18!A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in F

8、rance is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local fanners.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you don*

9、t need much of it to make you happy.解析：考查上下文衔接。本题需结合上段内容作答，上一段讲到巴黎的食物非常美味，人们不需要吃太多就可以感到开心。空后讲述作者和丈夫购买食品杂货时发现巴黎的食物很贵，暗含法国人因此吃得少，故 E项“那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因”符合语境。自主解答：二、设空在段中当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7 类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。文章中可能出现标志性衔接词语,例如first,second,then,next,later,s

10、oon,so,but,however,additionally,whats more,that is,namely,in other s,for one thing,for another等。思考点（一）总分关系热点解读L-1 典例 2021.新高考I 卷The place wasnt entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,theplumbing（水管）worked.37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,Ouvert

11、ure des portes,in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and its ashame I donl have much use for it.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by lo

12、cal farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空前讲到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的水管可以使用“，空后一句讲到了“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”，因此空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关，

13、C选项讲有一个厨房和舒适的床，符合本段语境。自主解答：增分技巧：文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。“总分结构法”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的首和尾；“分 是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。思考点（二）解释关系热点解读 典例 2021全国卷甲Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.39.Place a few mirrorsaround your room so people

14、 can see how things look when they try them on.One of the groundrules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them thingsalways look different when you put them on.A.Less people than thatB.Hold a clothing swapC.If two people are competingD.Just keep music playing

15、 throughoutE.Donate whatever clothes are left overF.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition解析：本题考查上下文衔接。空前“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in theroom”,即“在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服”，空白处应当是对前文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释，“让每个人都把衣服放在合适

16、的位置”符合上下文语境，构成对前文的解释和说明。自主解答：增分技巧：从逻辑意义上看，句子与句子之间常含解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者表达的情感至关重要。思考点（三）转折关系热点解读 典例 2021 浙江卷1月Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers throughwith minimum delay.32 Any small inteiruption-a price check,a chatty customer-c

17、an havedownstream effects,holding up an entire line.A.Why does this always seem to happen to you?B.So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E.How high is the proba

18、bility that you are in the fastest waiting line?F.With three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system gets particularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低，空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍，两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系，故 G 项符合语境。G 项中的 busy 呼应下文的

19、“interruption“holding up an entire line,but”提示转折关系。自主解答：增分技巧：若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,on thecontrary,instead,nevertheless,still,in contrast/comparison,by comparison 等。思考点（四）因果关系热点解读 典例 2021.新高考卷I My husband and I just spent a week

20、in Paris.36 So the first thing we did was rent afantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had toleave our suitcases in the hallway.A.Not all the customers are tourists.B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C.There was a nice kitchen an

21、d a comfortable bed.D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E.Thats not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.G.The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空白处后提示

22、词“S。”，可知空白处与下文形成因果关系。空白处前“My husband and I just spent a week in P aris.,”我和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周“，空白处后提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位于六层的 公 寓“我们的目的是看一下在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活”可以构成下文租公寓的原因，符合本段语境。自主解答：增分技巧：表示因果关系的标志词语有：so,therefore,thus,consequently,as a result(of).so/such.that.,so that.等。思考点（五）对比关系热点解读 典 例 201

23、7 全国卷HIKeep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how youfeel.After youve tried a new method for a week,take a look at your record._ 20_ If not,takeanother look at other methods you could try.E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedti

24、me and wake-up time,no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.解析：本题考查对比关系。本段谈到要对自己所做的计划记录、评价和调整。空后的“Ifnot”说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。自主解答：增分技巧：若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的对比比较，则空格处很有可能表示对比关系。表示对比关系的标志词语有:while,if not,some.others等。思考点(六)并列关系j热点解读 典例 2020.新高考

25、全国卷IYour goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.-19_ And like everything else in life,thattakes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.A.Do the opposite.B.You want to be an effective public speaker.C.You dont need to apologize for a minor slip.

26、D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more.E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.解析：本题考查并列关系。山空前一句Your goal is not

27、to be a perfect public speaker.”及空后一句“And.takes practice.”可以锁定B 选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。自主解答：增分技巧：表示并列关系的标志词语有：and,first(ly),second(ly),first,then/next,tobegin with,for one thing,for another(thing),finally/last 等 0思考点(七)例证关系热点解读 典 例 2016全国卷IThere are three main types of cryptography._ 37_ For example,the

28、 first letters of”Myelephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me”.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the key can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,people have tr

29、ied to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down s that would stand for other s.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.解析：本题考查例证关系。设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术空后接着就给出一个

30、例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。自主解答：增分技巧:例证是指前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example,for instance,in fact,as a matter of fact,actually,in other s,that is tosay 等。三、设空在段尾思考点（一）段落过渡句热点解读当设空在非尾段段末时，也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的

31、选择。典例 2021浙江卷1 月You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.You get what you need,head tothe front,and choose the line that looks fastest.You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked outand off to the parking lot._ 31_It turns out,its j

32、ust math working against you；chances are,the other line really is faster.A.Why does this always seem to happen to you?B.So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E.

33、How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F.With three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system gets particularly busy.解析：本题考查上下文衔接。上文描述了你排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的It turns outchances are,the

34、 other line really is faster”点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A 项的内容与结论的内容相匹配,起到上下文衔接的过渡作用。自主解答：思考点（二）补充信息句热点解读段末设空还有可能是对前文内容进行补充说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。典例 2021 全国卷乙38.What about that person who has had too much to drink,or wont stop talking?If youcant take their wine away,you should certainly try to take away

35、 their soapbox（讲台）.If you*rethe host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them fromthe situation.39.A.How do you know the hostB.The first step is to go exploringC.If you ask the question“How did you get here?D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with stran

36、gersE.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF.What about that person who has had too much to drink or wont stop talkingG.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most解析：本题考查对前文的补充说明。E项“或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说的话题 承接空前的If youre the host,you can a

37、sk them to help you in the kitchen with somethingand just remove them from the situation”,给出了另一种选择，属于信息补充，符合语境。自主解答：思考点（三）总结句热点解读当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，考生应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词,如so,therefore,as a result,in short,in a,all in a ll等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致原则，从而确定正确选项

38、。典例 2020全国卷I Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain tolook at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have ajob,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today._ 39_A.Feeling upset again?B.Where do you start?C.Not

39、hing is too small to celebrate.D.Remember,you are only human.E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.F.Stop comparing yourself with others.G.When does the comparison game start?解析：本题考查段落总结句。由本段首句可知本段主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情太小而不值得庆祝。自主解答：限时检测话题:在家开展自己的事业的好处和需要注意的事

40、项难度：建议用时：10分钟2021广州市综合测试一Do you like the idea of running your own business from home?Most of you do,and the firstthings you say you like about it are being your own boss,having flexible hours and working inyour pajamas（睡衣）.JBeing your own boss is definitely one big advantage.2 You must commit to wor

41、k onyour business regularly to make profits.If not,you will find that your income becomesnon-existent.So,set office hours when you productively work on building your business.3 Doctors appointments and family commitments can simply be worked into yourschedule.Again,you need to arrange your appointme

42、nts carefully and try to book them together.This way you can get all of your running around done in one day.Working in your pajamas may seem appealing initially.But it can also prevent you fromactually getting your work done._ 4 _ After that,just walk into your office and start your dayswork.Being t

43、oo casual means getting less work done on a regular basis.In order to run a successful business from home you need to have a good mindset.5Taking off too many hours each week will damage your financial stability and long-term success.Set goals and limits on your time.Build your business first,before

44、 taking advantage of whatworking from home offers.A.But it can also become your downfall without care.B Flexible hours are another huge plus of working from home.C.Once its achieved,youH have more opportunities to develop business-contacts.D.You may find it more efficient to get up,exercise,then sho

45、wer and dress for work.E.This includes realizing that only you are responsible for your own income.F One of the biggest drawbacks is that it is so easy to allow yourself to have excuses.G.While these benefits sound great,the reality of working from home can be a littledifferent.语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我职业生

46、活在家开展自己的事业【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们在家开展自己的事业的好处和需要注意的事项，包括做自己的老板有好处但你也要有规律地投入工作，你拥有弹性时间但也得仔细规划时间等。1.答案与解析：G 考查上下文衔接。空前一句提到在家开展自己的事业的三个好处,而下文一一分析了这三方面需要注意的事项，故 G 项承上启下，符合语境。2.答案与解析：A考查上下文衔接。该空前一句表述做自己的老板肯定是一大好处。下文说你必须有规律地投入工作否则会没有收入，表述做自己的老板的坏处。前后是转折关系。而 A 选项中的But表转折，代入A 项，符合语境，故选A 项。3-.答案与解析：B考查理解文章结构的能力。根据该段中

47、的“your schcdule,llarrangeyour appointmentsin one day”可知，该段主要讲时间安排的问题，再根据文章结构可知，第二段、第四段的内容分别对应第一段第二句提到的在家开展自己的事业的第一个和第三个好处 being your own boss；working in your pajamas(睡衣)，故此处应对应第二个好处(havingflexible hours)。故 B 项 弹性时间是在家工作的另一大优势”符合语境，故选B 项。4.答案与解析：D考查上下文衔接。空处前面说穿睡衣工作可能一开始看起来有吸引力，却让你无法把工作做完。而空处后面说在那之后，直

48、接走进工作室开始工作，该段最后一句总结说太过随意意味着工作效率低下。故 D 项“你可能会发现起床、锻炼、洗澡和穿衣服上班更有效率”符合语境，故选D 项。5.答案与解析：E 考查上下文衔接。空前一句说为了在家开展成功的事业，你需要有好的思维模式，空处应说明好的思维模式的具体内容，故 选 项 E“这包括意识到只有你对你自己的收入负责”符合语境。B话题：人与社会人际交往助人就难度：建议用时：10分钟是助己2021武汉市三月质量检测Diversity comes in many forms:gender,race,age,culture,etc.All of these contribute to a

49、nindividuals unique experience of the world.Here are some reasons why it is significant in allaspects of our lives.1.ProductivityBringing together people of various backgrounds leads to new ideas.1_ When tacklingan issue,wouldnt it be better to have more than one understanding approach,rather than e

50、veryonecontributing the same thoughts and conclusions?2.Becoming a World CitizenIf you experience diversity in your everyday life,you will be regularly exposed to people,cultures,traditions,and practices that are unlike your own.Not only will you improve your socialdevelopment,but you will also incr