高考英语阅读理解备考：阅读理解句子长句解析.pdf

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1、高考英语阅读理解备考：阅读理解句子长句解析结合高考真题阅读之长难句解析高中英语学习，素 来 有“得阅读者得天下”之说，关于如何得阅读经广大一线教师多年潜心研究，众说纷纭。笔者作为小教一名，主要结合全国I卷几篇阅读语料，就阅读中的长句分析略发表想法一二，不成熟之处，望海涵。鉴于英语是典型形合语，高中生若想做好阅读试题，长句分析是不可或缺的基本技能之一，而该项技能的获得，不是简单了解从句结构，而是需要精通五种基本句型，七种句子成分，常考特殊语法现象，比如祈使句、倒装句、省略句、虚拟语气等，此外能就常考词类活用及派生词有一定认知，并能就句子意群之间的聚合关系进行逻辑辨析。例句：阅读A篇1.N o t

2、 a s t u d e n t?G o t o t h e g o v e r n m e n t w e b s i t e t o l e a r n a b o u tp r o g r a m s a n d o n l i n e t o o l s a v a i l a b l e t o h e l p p e o p l e u n d e r 3 0 b u i l ds k i l l s,f i n d a j o b o r s t a r t b u s i n e s s e s a l l y e a r r o u n d.分析：这是典型的广告文陈述方式，采

3、用了自问自答的设问方式，前面的问句用了省略形式，补充完成就是I f y o u a r e n o t a s t u d e n t,a n d y o u w a n tt o f i n d s u m m e r j o b s,w h a t c a n y o u d o.回答就是 Y o u c a n g o t o t h eg o v e r n m e n t w e b s i t e t o l e a r n（不定时表目的）a b o u t p r o g r a m s a n d o n l i n et o o l s （并列关系）a v a i l a b

4、 l e （两个并列名词的后置定语）t o h e l p p e o p l eu n d e r 3 0 b u i l d s k i l l s,f i n d a j o b o r s t a r t b u s i n e s s e s a l l y e a r r o u n d,（h e l p s b d o s t h宾补结构,但补语部分为b u i l d、f i n d和s t a r t三个动词的并列）2.S u m m e r C o m p a n y p r o v i d e s s t u d e n t s w i t h h a n d s-o n

5、 b u s i n e s st r a i n i n g a n d a w a r d s o f u p t o$3,0 0 0 t o s t a r t a n d r u n t h e i r o w n s u m m e rb u s i n e s s e s.分析：主干 p r o v i d e s b w i t h s t h 的结构，S u m m e r C o m p a n y （主语）p r o v i d e s s t u d e n t s w i t h h a n d s-o n b u s i n e s s t r a i n i n g

6、 a n d a w a r d s o f u p t o$3,0 0 0 （a w a r d s 的后置定语）t o s t a r t a n d r u n （不定时表目的）t h e i ro w n s u m m e r b u s i n e s s e s （名词词组意群）.3.T h r o u g h t h e S u m m e r E m p l o y m e n t O p p o r t u n i t i e s p r o g r a m,s t u d e n t sa r e h i r e d e a c h y e a r i n a v a r

7、 i e t y o f s u m m e r p o s i t i o n s a c r o s s t h eP r o v i n c i a l P u b l i c S e r v i c e,i t s r e l a t e d a g e n c i e s a n d c o m m u n i t y g r o u p s.（阅读A篇）分析：T h r o u g h t h e S u m m e r E m p l o y m e n t O p p o r t u n i t i e s p r o g r a m （方式状语）,s t u d e n t

8、s a r e h i r e d e a c h y e a r i n a v a r i e t y o f s u m m e rp o s i t i o n s a c r o s s t h e P r o v i n c i a l P u b l i c S e r v i c e,i t s r e l a t e da g e n c i e s a n d c o m m u n i t y g r o u p s （对 t h e P r o v i n c i a l P u b l i c S e r v i c e 这个名词短语的诠释）.阅读B篇1.“I t t

9、 a k e s a l o t f o r a n y s t u d e n t,“W h a l e y e x p l a i n s,e s p e c i a l l yf o r a s t u d e n t w h o i s l e a r n i n g E n g l i s h a s t h e i r n e w l a n g u a g e,t o f e e lc o n f i d e n t e n o u g h t o s a y,I d o n,t k n o w,b u t I w a n t t o k n o w.分析：“I t t a k

10、e s a l o t f o r a n y s t u d e n t,W h a l e y e x p l a i n s （插入语）,e s p e c i a l l y f o r a s t u d e n t w h o i s l e a r n i n g E n g l i s h a s t h e i r n e wl a n g u a g e （e s p e c i a l l y引导的插入语，对前面a n y s t u d e n t的内容进行加深处理），t o f e e l c o n f i d e n t e n o u g h t o （形式主语

11、 I t 所指代内容）s a y,Ido n t k n o w,b u t I w a n t t o k n o w.2.W h a l ey g o t t h e i dea o f t h i s s ec o n d-g r a de p r es i den t i a l c a m p a i g np r o j ec t （A o f B,两个名词性意群构成的固定结构，一般译为B 的A 固定结构）w h en （时间状语从句引导词）h e a s k ed t h e c h i l dr en o n e da y t or a i s e t h ei r h a n

12、 ds （a s k s b t o do s t h,o n e da y 作为时间状语插入其中）i f （w h en从句内的条件状语从句引导词）t h ey t h o u g h t t h ey c o u l d n ev erb e a p r es i den t.阅读C篇1.T h u s,t h e k ey b o a r d c a n det er m i n e p eo p l e s i den t i t i es,a n d b yex t en s i o n,w h et h er t h ey s h o u l d b e g i v en a c

13、c es s t o t h e c o m p u t er i t sc o n n ec t ed t o一r eg a r dl es s o f w h et h er s o m eo n e g et s t h e p a s s w o r d r i g h t.分析：T h u s （与上文的逻辑语义关系，信息定位关键词），t h e k ey b o a r d c a ndet er m i n e p eo p l e,s i den t i t i es,a n d b y ex t en s i o n （插入语）,w h et h ert h ey s h o

14、 u l d b e g i v en a c c es s t o t h e c o m p u t er i t s c o n n ec t ed t o一r eg a r dl es s o f w h et h er s o m eo n e g et s t h e p a s s w o r d r i g h t （破折号后的诠释）.2.D a t a c o l l ec t ed f r o m t h e dev i c e c o u l d b e u s ed t o r ec o g n i z edi f f er en t p a r t i c i p a

15、 n t s b a s ed o n h o w t h ey t y p ed,w i t h v er y l o w er r o rr a t es.分析：D a t a c o l l ec t ed f r o m t h e dev i c e（后置定语，是定语从句的简化形式）c o u l d b e u s ed t o r ec o g n i z e di f f er en t p a r t i c i p a n t s b a s ed o n h o wt h ey t y p ed,w i t h v er y l o w er r o r r a t es

16、.3.The researchers say that the keyboard should be prettystraightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the nearfuture.分析：The researchers say that the keyboard should be prettystraightforward to commercialize a n d（a n d并列

17、两个谓语动词，主语为thekeyboard）is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.阅读D 篇1.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smokingcigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom Isoon found myself.分析：They rose in the ranks n o t by being friendly b u t （n o t A b u t B不是 A 二是

18、 B 的固定结构）by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules andplaying jokes on others（三个 v-ing 形式的动词词组并列）,among whom Isoon found myself.2.The likables,plays-well-with-others qualities strengthenschoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,whentapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.分析

19、：The likables,plays-well-with-others qualities（超长名词性词组做主语）s t r en g t h en （谓语动词）schoolyard friendships,jump-startinterpersonal skills a n d（并列前面的 s t r en g t h en 和后面的 are employed两个谓语动词），when tapped early,（插入语）a r e em p l o y ed ever afterin life and work.3.I t c l ea r l y s h o w ed t h a t w

20、 h i l e l i k a b i l i t y c a n l ea d t o h ea l t h ya dj u s t m en t,h i g h s t a t u s h a s j u s t t h e o p p o s i t e ef f ec t o n u s.”分析：I t c l ea r l y s h o w ed t h a t w h i l e l i k a b i l i t y c a n l ea d t o h ea l t h ya dj u s t m en t (主语从句中的比较状语)，h i g h s t a t u s

21、h a s j u s t t h eo p p o s i t e ef f ec t o n u s.(黑体部分为主语从句，但因为谓语动词s h o w太短，用i t做形式主语)四级仔细阅读模拟S ec t i o n CD i r ec t i o n s:T h er e a r e 2 p a s s a g es i n t h i s s ec t i o n.E a c h p a s s a g e i sf o l l o w ed b y s o m e q u es t i o n s o r u n f i n i s h ed s t a t em en t s.F

22、 o r ea c h o f t h emt h er e a r e f o u r c h o i c es m a r k ed A),B),C)a n d D).Y o u s h o u l d dec i de o nt h e b es t c h o i c e a n d m a r k t h e c o r r es p o n di n g l et t er o n A n s w er S h eet 2w i t h a s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c en t r e.P a s s a g e O n eQ

23、 u es t i o n s 4 6 t o 5 0 a r e b a s ed o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e.A s a p er s o n w h o w r i t es a b o u t f o o d a n d dr i n k f o r a l i v i n g.I c o u l dn,tt el l y o u t h e f i r s t t h i n g a b o u t B i l l P er r y o r w h et h er t h e b eer s h es el l s a r e

24、t h a t g r ea t.B u t I c a n t el l y o u t h a t I l i k e t h i s g u y.T h a t s b ec a u s e h e p l a n s t o b a n t i p p i n g i n f a v o r o f p a y i n g h i ss er v er s a n a c t u a l l i v i n g w a g e.I h a t e t i p p i n g.I hate it because it s an obligation disguised as an opt

25、ion.I hateit for the post-dinner math it requires of me.But mostly,I hatetipping because I believe I would be in a better place if paydecisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers,as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tippi

26、ng,too.Researchsuggests otherwise.You actually love tipping!You like to feel thatyou have a voice in how much money your server makes.No matter howthe math works out,you persistently view restaurants with voluntarytipping systems as being a better value,which makes it extremelydifficult for restaura

27、nts and bars to do away with the tippingsystem.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowdseems logical enough:the service is better when waiters depend ontips,presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veilingtheir contempt for you.Well,if this were true,we would

28、all beslipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out theirdoors,too.But as it turns out,waiters see only a tiny bump in tipswhen they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one.Waiters,keen observers of humanity that they are,are catching on to this;inone poll,a full 30%said the

29、y didn t believe the job they did hadany impact on the tips they received.So come on,folks:get on board with ditching the outdated tipsystem.Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger.SupportBill Perry s pub,and any other bar or restaurant that doesn,t askyou to do drunken math.46.What can we

30、 learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B)He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C)He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D)He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A)It sets a bad

31、 example for other industries.B)It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C)It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D)It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine

32、in.B)They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D)They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A)Service quality has little effect on tip size.B)It i

33、s in human mature to try to save on tips.C)Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D)Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50.What does the author argue for in the passage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improve service

34、.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past,falling oil prices have given a boost to the worldeconomy,but recent forecasts for global growth ha

35、ve been toned down,even as oil prices sink lower and lower.Does that mean the linkbetween lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oilshould heat up the world economy.Consumers have more money in theirpockets when they re paying less at

36、the pump.They spend that moneyon other things,which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil likeChina,Japan,and India,But doesn t the extra money in the pocketsof those countries,consumers mean an equal loss in oil producingcountries,cancelling out the

37、gains?Not necessarily,says economicresearcher Sara Johnson.Many oil producers built up huge reservef u n ds w h en p r i c es w er e h i g h,s o w h en p r i c es f a l l t h ey w i l l dr a w o nt h ei r r es er v es t o s u p p o r t g o v er n m en t s p en di n g a n d s u b s i di es (补贴)f o rt

38、 h ei r c o n s u m er s.B u t n o t a l l o i l p r o du c er s h a v e b i g r es er v es,I n V en ez u el a,c o l l a p s i n go i l p r i c es h a v e s en t i t s ec o n o m y i n t o f r ee-f a l l.E c o n o m i s t C a r l W ei n b er g b el i ev es t h e n eg a t i v e ef f ec t s o f p l u

39、n g i n g o i lp r i c es a r e o v er w h el m i n g t h e p o s i t i v e ef f ec t s o f c h ea p er o i l.T h ei m p l i c a t i o n i s a s h a r p dec l i n e i n g l o b a l t r a de,w h i c h h a s p l u n g edp a r t l y b ec a u s e o i l-p r o du c i n g n a t i o n s c a n,t a f f o r d

40、t o i m p o r t a s m u c ha s t h ey u s ed t o.S a r a Jo h n s o n a c k n o w l edg es t h a t t h e g l o b a l ec o n o m i c b en ef i t f r o m af a l l i n o i l p r i c es t o da y i s l i k el y l o w er t h a n i t w a s i n t h e p a s t.O n er ea s o n i s t h a t m o r e c o u n t r i

41、 es a r e b i g o i l p r o du c er s n o w,s o t h en a t i o n s s u f f er i n g f r o m t h e p r i c e dr o p a c c o u n t f o r a l a r g er s h a r e o ft h e g l o b a l ec o n o m y.C o n s u m er s,i n t h e U.S.a t l ea s t,a r e a c t i n g c a u t i o u s l y w i t h t h es a v i n g s

42、 t h ey r e g et t i n g a t t h e g a s p u m p,a s t h e m em o r y o f t h e r ec en tg r ea t r ec es s i o n i s s t i l l f r es h i n t h ei r m i n d.A n d a n u m b er o f o i l-p r o du c i n g c o u n t r i es a r e t r i m m i n g t h ei r g a s o l i n e s u b s i di es a n d r a i s i

43、n gt a x es,s o t h e n et s a v i n g s f o r g l o b a l c o n s u m er s i s n o t a s b i g a s t h eo i l p r i c e p l u n g e m i g h t s u g g es t.5 1.W h a t do es t h e a u t h o r m a i n l y di s c u s s i n t h e p a s s a g e?A)T h e r ea s o n s b eh i n d t h e p l u n g e o f o i l

44、 p r i c es.B)P o s s i b l e w a y s t o s t i m u l a t e t h e g l o b a l ec o n o m y.C)The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D)The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52.Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the globaleconomy?A)Manufacturers can produce

45、 consumer goods at a much lower cost.B)Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the globaleconomy.C)Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject tochange.D)Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on othercommodities.53.What happens in many oil-exporting countries w

46、hen oil prices godown?A)They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B)They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C)They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D)They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54.How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plu

47、nge?A)It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B)Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C)I t s t i l l h a s a c h a n c e t o g i v e r i s e t o a b o o m i n t h e g l o b a lec o n o m y.D)I t s ef f ec t s o n t h e g l o b a l ec o n o m y g o a g a i n

48、s t ex i s t i n g ec o n o m i cl a w s.5 5.W h y h a v en,t f a l l i n g o i l p r i c es b o o s t ed t h e g l o b a l ec o n o m y a st h ey di d b ef o r e?A)P eo p l e a r e n o t s p en di n g a l l t h e m o n ey t h ey s a v e o n g a s.B)T h e g l o b a l ec o n o m y i s l i k el y t o

49、u n der g o a n o t h er r ec es s i o n.C)O i l i m p o r t er s a c c o u n t f o r a l a r g er p o r t i o n o f t h e g l o b a l ec o n o m y.D)P eo p l e t h e w o r l d o v er a r e a f r a i d o f a f u r t h er p l u n g e i n o i lp r i c es.【答案解析】4 6 .根据题目中的B i l l P er r y 这个专有名词，我们可以定位

50、到文中的第一段话。在 B u t 后面有提到“我能告诉你我喜欢这个小伙子。因为他打算禁止付小费这种情况，而赞成给服务员实际的工资”。B 选项和这句话的含义接近，g etr i d o f 意为“摆脱”,和 b a n “禁止”含义相近;p l a n t o 和 i n t en d t o 含义一样。所以正确答案为B.4 7 .根据题干中的关键词t h e a u t h o r h a t es t i p p i n g 和 m a i n r ea s o n 可以返回原文，定位到第三段。文中说“我讨厌它，因为它将义务伪装成一种选择。”既然是义务，那必然是强迫顾客去做的事情，这和C 选