2023年高考英语复习全国通用第07讲 定语从句（练）（解析版）.pdf

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1、第0 7讲定语从句（练）一、单项选择1.After working for 10 years,I find teaching is a job you are doing something serious butinteresting.A.that B.which C.when D.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：工作了 10年后，我发现教书是一份工作，在此工作中你在做一些严肃但有趣的事情。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为a jo b,在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故选D 项。2.A war is so cruel that it alw

2、ays causes great l o s s e s,h a s happened in Ukraine and other countries.A.what B.as C.where D.which【答案】B【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：战争是如此残酷，以至于它总是造成巨大的损失，就像在乌克兰和其他国家发生的那样。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，缺少的引导词指代先行词“A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses”在从句中作主语，且表示 正如“，应用a s引导该从句。故选B。3.The reason he

3、 didnt show up at the party is he was ill.A.why;that B.that;because C.why;because D.which;for【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：他没有出现在聚会上的原因是他病了。the reason why.is/wasthat.的原因是。第空为定语从句，句中先行词为reason,在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导；第二空为表语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that。故选A。4.The worsening living conditions on the Carteret

4、Islands finally resulted in we called the relocation ofall the islanders,from arose the problem of losing their traditions and celebrations.A.which;what B.which;which C.what;that D.what;which【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意：卡特雷特群岛不断恶化的生活条件最终导致了我们称之为所有岛民的搬迁，从而导致他们失去其传统和庆祝活动的问题。第 空，介词in 后接宾语从句，ca ll后接双宾语，故从句缺少

5、宾语，what引导宾语从句，从句中作宾语，表示“的东西；第二空，from引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文 we called the relocation of all the islanders,且从句中作介词宾语，故用关系代词w hich,故选D。5.It is one of the most surprising moments in Oscar history actor Will Smith walked on stage andslapped Chris Rock for a joke Rock made about Smiths wifes hair.A.which;that B.

6、that;when C.when;that D.which;which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这是奥斯卡历史上最令人惊讶的时刻之一，演员威尔 史密斯走上舞台，因为洛克开了一个关于史密斯妻子头发的玩笑而掌掴克里斯洛克。分析句子可知，句中含有两个限制性定语从句。第一个定语从句的先行词是one of the most surprising m om ents,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导；第二个定语从句的先行词是jo k e,关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词that/whicho故选C 项。6.China has many r i v e r s

7、,t h e Changjiang River is the longest.A.which B.in which C.among which D.one of which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多条江，其中，长江是最长的。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，设空处需填引导词，从句主语是Ihe Changjiang R iver,系表结构是is ihe longesl,并结合句意“其中”,则设空处需填among w hich,充当从句状语。故选C 项。7.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel P r i z e,i s considered

8、 a very distinguished international honour.A.that B.what C.as D.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖，这被认为是一项非常杰出的国际荣誉。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Nobel Prize是物，因此空格处用关系代词w hich,故选 D。8.I lent some money to B e r n a r d,h o u s e was knocked down during the typhoon.A.which B.who C.whom D.whose【答案】D

9、【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我借给伯纳德一些钱，他的房子在台风中被掀翻了。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Bernard,指人，在从句中作名词house的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故选D。9.The explorer took only men and things he really needed into the jungle with him.A.those;which B.such;asC.those;who D.such;that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位探险家只带他真正需要的人和东西进入丛林。such.as 用于引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作needed的

10、宾语。such.that 用于引导结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。故选Bo10.A good government is not to pick technologies,bul to establish conditions innovation is supportedand encouraged into the marketplace.A.when B.that C.whose D.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个好的政府不是挑选技术，而是建立支持和鼓励创新进入市场的条件。句中先行词为conditions,是抽象地点名词，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系

11、副词where引导。故选 D。11.I wish to thank Professor Smith,without help I would never have got this opportunity.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词Professor Sm ith,在后面定语从句中作help的定语，所以关系代词为whose。故选B 项。12.My family will be always thankful for the people

12、from we received aid.A.who B.that C.whom D.which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的家人将永远感谢那些我们从他们那得到援助的人们。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为people,指人，在从句中作介词from的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导从句。故选C 项。13.Wolves are highly social a n im a ls,s u c c e s s depends upon cooperation.A.whom B.that C.whose D.her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功

13、依赖于合作。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词Wolves和 success之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表示所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故选C。14.My favorite writer is a key role in literature,most of books put on the stage and screen.A.who B.whom C.whose D.her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我最喜欢的作家是文学界的关键人物，他的大部分作品都被搬到了舞台和银幕。分析句子结构，逗号后是“most。价关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词w rit

14、er,且结合语意,此处表示作家的大部分作品，空处应用关系词w hose,在从句中作定语。故选C 项。15.We will never forget the days my family visited Shanghai together.A.when B.which C.what D.that【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们永远不会忘记我的家人一起访问上海的I I子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是thedays,在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填A。16.Have you seen the sunflowers are bought as presents for y

15、our Mothers Day.A.who B.which C.whose D./【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：你看到了作为你的母亲节礼物买来的向H葵吗？此题考查限制性定语从句，the sunflowers为先行词，先行词在从句中作主语，为物，设空处可用关系代词which或者that,且不能省略。故选B 项。17.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point he can walk correctly and safely.A.when B.whereC.which D.whose【答案】B【解

16、析】考查定语从句。句意：治疗将继续进行，直到患者能够正确和安全地行走。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰名词point；表示“阶段、程度、地步“，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。故选B。18.We are living in an age many things are done by computer.A.which B.thatC.whose D.when【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个很多事情都是由计算机完成的时代。分析句子可知，这是一个由when引导定语从句，修饰先行词an a g e,先行词在从句中作时间状语。故选D 项。19.The

17、reason Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.A.because B.whyC.which D.what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我写信给你的原因是想告诉你周六的一个聚会。分析句子可知，这是why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason,why在从句中作原因状语。故选B 项。20.Mary received training in computer for one y e a r,s h e found a job in a big company.A.after that B.after which

18、 C.after it D.after this【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：玛丽接受了一年的计算机培训，之后她在一家大公司找到 一份工作。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“玛丽接受了一年的计算机培训I”这件事，在从句中作介词“after”的宾语，表示在这件事后，她在一家大公司找到了一份工作，故应用“介词after+关系代词which”引导从句。故选B 项。二、用适当的词填空21.But like anyone for you feel affection,customers can also drive you mad.【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但就像

19、任何你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你发疯。结合句意分析句子可知，此处“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句，先行词是anyone,空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替anyone在从句中做介词for的宾语用whom。故填whom。22.They rushed over to help the man car had broken down.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们冲过去帮助那个汽车坏了的人。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是m an,指人，在从句中作car的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。23.The house in Lu Xun once lived is a

20、 museum now.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：鲁迅曾经住过的房子现在是一座博物馆。此句考查限制性定语从句，先行词为Thehouse,为物，在从句中作介词in 的宾语，设空处只能用关系代词which。故填which。24.A study shows the students who join in after-school activities are happier than those are not.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更快乐。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those,指人

21、，在从句中做主语，用关系代词who。故填who。25.This was Marys kitchen the big fire broke out.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是发生大火的玛丽的厨房。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 kitchen,关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。26.I,ll never forget the day which we worked together in the countryside.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：我永远不会忘记我们一起在农村工作的那一天。“介词+关系代词（which）”引导的

22、限制性定语从句，介词的选择与先行词或从句谓语形成搭配有关，此处指具体的那一天，用 on the day,用介词on。故填on。27.The reason I will fail to go with you is that I had my left foot injured the other day.【答案】why【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不能和你一起去的原因是前几天我的左脚受伤了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason,先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why来引导。故填why。28.In the strange city,there wasnt

23、 a single person whom she could turn for help.【答案】to【解析】考查固定短语和定语从句。句意：在这个陌生的城市里，她找不到一个可以求助的人。分析句子可知，句子为“介词+关系代词 引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为“person”，句中涉及固定短语“turn t。sb.forhelp”，意为“向某人求助“，先行词person”在从句中作介词“to”的宾语，故空格处应用介词“to”。故填to。29.Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts?【答案】whom

24、【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你有没有给收到礼物的亲戚发感谢信？分析句子可知，本句为定语从句，先行词为relatives,关系词作from的宾语，应用关系代词whom构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。故填 whom。30.The famous writer and his works the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位著名作家和他的作品在广播中引起了学生们的极大兴趣。句中先行词为 The famous writer and his works,既指

25、人也指物，在定语从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填 thato31.Life is like a race we all compete with ourselves against time.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：生活就像是一场赛跑，在这次竞赛中我们都在与我们自己比赛。此句是定语从句修饰先行词ra c e,在从句中作地点状语，因此使用关系词where引导定语从句。故填where。32.The government has carried out several new p l a n s,b e n e f i t s are various and ob

26、vious.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：政府已经实施了几项新计划，其好处是多方面的和明显的。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词p lan s,先行词在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故填whose。33.There were many fans in the social media expressed their sadness over Jin Yongs death.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：社交媒体上有很多粉丝对金庸的死表示悲伤。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词fans是 ihere b e句型的主语，指人，在从句中作主语，常用关系代

27、词who引导该从句。故填who。34.Yesterday we visited the Baotu Spring which Jinan is famous.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：昨天我们参观了济南著名的狗突泉。“介词+关系代词（which）”引导的限制性定语从句，介词的选择与和先行词和从句中形成的搭配有关，befamousfor（因而出名），用介词for。故填for。35.They explained the way to us can greatly reduce energy waste.【答案】which#that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们向我们解释了可以大大减少

28、能源浪费的方法。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the w a y,关系词在从句中作主语，应 which或 that引导。故填which/that。36.The picture always reminds me of the moments we spent together in the high school.【答案】which#that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这张照片总是让我想起我们在高中时一起度过的时光。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词themomems。先行词指物，在定语从句中作spenl的宾语，所以用关系代词 which或 that来引导。故填which

29、/thato37.Pauls friend didnt know the real reason which he looked so sad today.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：保罗的朋友不知道他今天看起来如此悲伤的真正原因介词+关系代词（which）”引导是限制性定语从句，介词的选择与和先行词或从句中形成的搭配有关，the reason for（的原因/理由），用介词for。故填for。38.This was a period we Chinese went through a lot of sufferings.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一个我们

30、中国人经历了很多苦难的时期。该空后接限制性定语从句，先行词是a period,在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。39.The gas which we cannot live is called oxygen.【答案】without【解析】考查介词。句意：没有氧气我们就无法生存。“介词+关系代词（which）”引导是限制性定语从句，介词的选择与和先行词或从句中形成的搭配有关，wilhoullhegas（没有这种气体），用介词wiihoul。故填without o40.I will never forget the scene you risked（冒险）your life

31、to save the injured.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我永远不会忘记你冒着生命危险抢救伤员的那一幕。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the scene,在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。三、汉译英41.站在门口的那位男士是我的英语老师。答案The man who/that is standing at the door is my English teacher.【解析】考查定语从句，时态。主句“那位男士是我的英语老师“，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态。“站在门口”表达为stand at the d o o r,作“那位男士”的定语，

32、可用限制性定语从句，“那位男士 为先行词，且在从句中作主语，且为单数，应用关系代词who或者Ih a l,陈述正在发生的动作，定语从句谓语动词用现在进行时，助动词用i s,故表达为The man who/that is standing at the door；结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Theman who/that is standing at the door is my English teacher.42.这是我看过的最好的一部影片。（答案This is the best film that I have ever seen.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。表示“这是最好的一部影片翻译为

33、this is the besl film；后跟that引导的定语从句,主语为I,表示 看 应用s e e,且用现在完成时。故翻译为This is the best film that I have ever seen.4 3.我昨天买的那本书值得一读。【答案】The book that/which I bought yesterday is worth reading.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。该句的主语是the book,which或 Ihal引导定语从句，修饰先行词book,在从句作宾语；根据汉语提示，该句的时态为一般过去时，故表示“我昨天买的那本书”，应用The bookthat/w

34、hich I bought yesterday；表示“值得读 应用 worth reading 故翻译为 The book that/which I boughtyesterday is worth reading o4 4.经过多次实验，他们成功地制造出了能脱离地球引力的火箭。【答案】After many experiments,they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.【解析】考查时态、定语从句和固定短语。after”意为“在之后”，介词词性，“experiment”意为“实验”,为可数名词，“Aft

35、er many experiments”表示“经过多次实验”，作状语，放在句首，句首单词首字母大写，“they”表示“他们”，作主语，“succeed in doing sth.”意为“成功做某事”，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用般过去 时,“succeed”的过去式为“succeeded,make rockets”表示“制造出火箭”,后 接 that”引导的定语从句，先行词为rockets”，在从句中做主语，用关系代词that,“that could escape Earths gravity”表示“能脱离地球引力”,they succeeded in making rockets that

36、 could escape Earths gravity”表示“他们成功地制造出 了 能脱离地球引力的火箭故翻译为 After many experiments,they succeeded in making rockets that could escapeEarths gravity.45.我经常在业余时间和一些英语网友聊天，这对我的英语口语很有帮助。（conlribuleto,which的非限制性定语从句）【答案】I often chat with some English net friends in my spare time,which contribute to my spok

37、en English.【解析】考查固定短语和定语从句。主语为I;表示“和某人聊天“短语为chat with sb.；表示“在业余时间”短语为in ones spare time；“这对我的英语口语很有帮助”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句内容，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导；表示“有帮助”短语为contribulelo；表示“英语口语”短语为spoken Englisho 句子时态为一般现在时。故翻译为 I often chat with some English net friends in my spare time,which contribute to my spok

38、en English.46.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是因为他的分数太低。（the reason why.is/was that.）（答案The reason why he was not admitted to a key university was that his score was too low.【解析】考查句子结构，主系表固定句型。分析可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示主语“他没有被重点大学录取的原因”为 the reason why he was not admitted to a key university,the reason 为先行词，后文为why引导的限

39、制性定语从句，从句中为般过去时的被动语态的否定句式；系动词用was；表示“因为他的分数太低 用that引导表语从句，为 that his score was too low。句首字母大写，故翻译为Thereason why he was not admitted to a key university was that his score was too low.47.这个先驱者的故居是这个不起眼的小木屋，正在维修中，游客有望在六月底去一睹真容。（under）【答案】The pioneers former place,a small wooden hut that doesnt catch p

40、eoples eyes,is now under repair,which is not expected to be seen by tourists until the end of June.【解析】考查名词、形容词、短语、定语从句，固定句型。表示“先驱者”为名词pioneer；表示“故居”为名词词组former place；表示“小的，木制的“为形容词small wooden；表示“小屋”为名词hut；表示“吸引某人的目光“为短语catch peoples e y e s,故不起眼的小术屋，可为定语从句a small wooden hut that doesnt catchpeople

41、s eyes；表示“在修理中”为短语under repair；表示“被期望”为短语is expected t o,表示“直到.才”为固定句型not.until 故“游客有望在六月底去一睹真容”可以用非限制性定语从句which is notexpected to be seen by tourists until the end of June 来表示。故翻译为 The pioneers former place,a smallwooden hut that doesnt catch peoples eyes,is now under repair,which is not expected t

42、o be seen by tourists untilthe end of June.48.我们感谢所有帮助过我们的人。（be grateful to）（答案We are grateful to anyone who has helped us.【解析】考查时态和定语从句。分析句意可知,句子描述现在的事情，时态用一般现在时，感谢 是be gratefulto,主语是we,be动词用are,“所有帮助过我们的人”用定语从句，时态用现在完成时，翻译为“anyone whohas helped us”,因此整句话翻译为We are grateful to anyone who has helped

43、us”。故答案为 We are grateful toanyone who has helped us C49.他明天将来这里，那时他有空。（非限制性定语从句）【答案 He will come here tomorrow,when he will be free.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。分析句子结构可知，“他明天将来这里”为主句，“那时他有空”可以写成非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“明 天 主 句“他明天将来这里“应用一般将来时，翻译为He will come heretomorrow,“那时他有空”应写成when引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是tomorrow,从句描述的是将要发生的事，应用

44、一般将来时，翻译为when he will be free。故整句翻译为He will come here tomorrow,when hewill be free。5 0.北斗系统比GPS精 确 10倍，将在推进国际合作中起到积极的作用。(promote)【答案】The BDS system is ten times more accurate than GPS,which will play an active part in promotinginternational cooperation.【解析】考查定语从句和时态。此处主语为The BDS system；表示“比GPS精确10倍”翻译为be ten times moreaccurate than G P S,为一般现在时；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，表示“在推进国际合作中起到积极的作用”翻译为play an active part in promoting international cooperation 从句用般将来时。故翻译为 The BDS system is ten times more accurate than GPS,which will play an active part inpromoting international cooperation.