高三英语二轮复习考点精讲精练-短文改错.pdf

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1、高三英语第二轮复习考点精讲精炼第 16讲 短 文 改 错一致关系的错误 冠词使用的错误连接手段的错误 非谓语动词形式上的错误词语搭配的错误 多词少词的错误行文逻辑上的错误 母语影响的错误经典易错题会诊一致关系的错误1.（典型例题精选）There are advantage for students to work76._while studying at school.One of them was that77._they can earn money.考场错解 76题 There be结构的主语advantage为单数，考生易将are改为is；77题易判为正确。专家把脉 此二题均为考查一致

2、性错误，根据文章意思：advantage应为复数，而下一句中的was与行文的主要时态不一致应该为is。对症下药 76 题 advantage 改为 advantages 77 题 was 改为 is。2.（典型例题精选 I looked at the orange drink and deelde I couldnt facethem.考场错解 去掉the导致错解的原因是许多考生认为drink为物质名词，殊不知在此处为特指的orange drinko 专家把脉 drink为物质名词，应用单数代词it指代,them指代可数名词复数。对症下药 them改为it专家会诊短文改错题所涉及的一致性错误主

3、要包括：主谓一致错误，时态一致错误，代词指代错误,名词和单复数错误等。做好这类题目应注意像：witll.without,as well as,together with,including等词跟在主语以后的情况；同时还应注意：but,and,each等词出现在主语中的情况；另外，全文所谈论的事，所用的主要时态及具体内容相结合的情况也应全面考虑。考场思维训练1 Every child has their own dream.Every child hope to be an adult.2 I had always wanted to return to the village after mo

4、ving away and it is reallygreat to see most of my friends again.3 In our country men,woman,boys and girls all look for-ward to spending theSpring Festival.1.their改为his；hope改为hopes解析：当主语被each,every修饰时谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，相应的物主代词可用单数形式。2.is 改为W as解析：根据叙述内容和上下文，应用过去时态。3.woman改为women解析：本句中名词表类别属泛指，应用复数形式。冠词使用的

5、错误1.（典型例题精选）I hope youve had pleasant journey homeand will e to China again some times in the future.84.sometime 考场错解 本句判对 专家把脉 冠词的使用是中国学生感觉较难的一点，而 journey一词根据汉意应为不可数名词，但本句中意指“一次愉快的旅行”故应加不定冠词。对症下药 在 pleasant前加a2.（典型例题精选）Although we have been members for a short78._ Jperiod of time,we have made a gre

6、at progress.That is.79.考场错解 w e前加but 专家把脉 不能把两句之间的关系搞清，以及不把握although,thoughbut等词在英语表达中的意义和用法.是错解的根本原因。对于短语make progress中 progress为不可数名词的把握是解好本题的关键。对症下药 去掉a3.（典型例题精选）.Having fun with their friends make themhappy.83.makesMany people enjoy sports by watching the others play.8 4._ 考场错解 改 play为 playing 专

7、家把脉 本句实际上是考查冠词与代词others）用法的问题，others指“另外的人其他的人/物”.而 the others指“其他所有的人/物”，根据句意应去掉the。对症下药 去掉the。专家会诊由于汉语中没有冠词，考生对它的用法感到难以掌握，而高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。因此牢固掌握其基本用法是做好此类试题的前提。常见的设错类型有：不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；特指时定冠词与不定冠词的混用或错用；抽象名词具体化后使用冠词的情况；固定搭配中的冠词错误等。考场思维训练1 Please tell the good news to the rest of fam

8、ily.2 Then a small man came up,with gun in the hand.3 It is a time when people get together and have a fun.4 Finishing the task is great success for the little boy in such short time.1.family前加the解析：此处the family指全体家庭成员。2.去掉the解析：with gun in hand为独立结构，名词前不用冠词。3.去掉a 解析：fun为不可数名词，不用冠词。4.great前加a 解析：完成这

9、项工作是一次巨大成功，此处SUCcess为抽象名词具体化的用法。连接手段的错误1.（典型例题精选 I）Earning their own money allow them80.allowsto spend on anything as if they please.81.考场错解 去掉as 专家把脉 as作为关系代词引导定语从句，修饰anythingo as if引导方式状语从句，在此不符合题意，而 if引导条件状语从句与文意不符。对症下药 去掉if2.（典型例题精选）When I was four years old I got ill.I took medicine twice aday.

10、The medicine had so a bitter taste that I took it mixed in76._orange juice.The problem was that I can still tast the medicine.77.could 考场错解 去掉a 专家把脉 s。作为副词直接修饰形容词是没理解好题，而导致错误的直接原因。在“如此以至于”这个结构中，修饰可数名词单数时s o 与 such的语序不同：so+形+a/an+名词；such a/an+形+名词。对症下药 so 改成such3.（典型例题精选）.He told me that I*d probally

11、 had a heart77.haveattack while I started eating less.When you re on a diet you78.have to stop east too much even though you are always hun gry.79.eating 考场错解 改 while为 if 专家把脉 不能正确理解文意是造成错解的原因。从下文的语义看while应表示“除非”之意，而 while是“既然、而，当时”之意。对症下药 while改为unless专家会诊考场思维训练1 We liked the dishes you had cooked

12、but we were happy to learn theEnglish songs you taught us.2 So I will stay on a health farm for a month I won*t be able to eat muchand so I 11 have to stick to my diet.3 I also enjoyed the evening when we spent together.1.but改为a n d 解析：上文句没有转折之意，只是并列的两件事。2.month后加where或 when解析：限定性定语从句中，关系词 作状语不可省略。3

13、.when改为that或去掉 解析：限定性定语从句中关系词作从句的宾语可以省略。非谓语动词形式上的错误1.（典型例题精选）We re busy prepare for own trips.84._ 考场错解 prepare前加I to 或 with 专家把脉 be busy doing“忙于做某事”为固定用法，其后用其他形式不对。对症下药 prepare改为preparing2.（典型例题精选）Seeing his strong interest in this81.qgame of 22 men run after a ball.I decided to sit down82.to watc

14、h the game.I found the game excited,and my83.dad explained for the rules.8 4.去掉 for 考场错解 82题 a 改为the或 to in 前加to；83题去掉to 专家把脉 因球场仅一只球误以为特指，而 see sb.d。是习惯表达，故此造成错解。在 run前加to 是没理解好题意及不定式与分词作定语的区别，语句中run after aball 应作 men 的后置定语，应改成 running after a balk to watch the game 作 sit down 的目地状语，正确；第 83题 中 exc

15、ited作 game的定语不恰当，应改为exciting意为“令人激动的，令人感到兴奋的”。对症下药 82 题 run 改为 running；83 题 excited 改为 exciting3.（典型例题精选）He would also catch the food throwing to him form82._the other side of the room and sing happily.考场错解 正确 专家把脉 catch sb doing之结构，直接造成考生错解，要注意分析throw与 the food之间的被动关系。由此看来，死记硬背是不可取的，应活学活用。对症下药 thro

16、wing改为thrown专家会诊高考英语对非谓语动词的考查，主要从以下几个方面入手：1.不定式符号to 的多余或遗漏；2.to 是介词还是小品词的区分，f 后跟动词原形还是动名词）；3.现在分词与过去分词的区别（主要看与相关名词之间的主、被动关系）。考场思维训练1I never knew a ride down a river could be so excited.2 He happened to see thick smoke coming out of the win dow,which madehim frightening.3 The strong wind blows up the

17、 dust.made the air very dirty.1.excited改为exiting解析：excited表示“激动的”，指人；exciting表示“令人激动，振奋的”，指物。2.frightening改为frightened解析：frightened作为过去分词在此补充说明him害怕。3.made改为making解析：注意原句中的made前的标点符号为“，二 说明后面不是句子making the air very dirty作结果状语。词语搭配的错误1.（典型例题精选）One may not agree to examination system,but atpresent it

18、is basically the only 83.themeasure that the teacher and the rest of the world can de pend to84._decide if or not each of us meets the requirement.85._ 考场错解 84d；85去掉or 专家把脉 84行中that引导定语从句，depend on与 measure之间形成动宾搭配关系，故须加on；85题 中 if可与not构成if not这是引起学生错解的原因，而根据需要，本句中or not不可分割，故应改if为 whether,因为if不能与or

19、 not直接连用.专家把脉 84题 depend后加on；85题 if改为whether2.（典型例题精选）We*re leaving from our hometowns to spend the wintervacation.考场错解 hometowns 改为 hometown 专家把脉 改成hometown忽略了主语we（复数）因而错解。leave for意为“动身去”为固定搭配。对症下药 from改为for专家会诊高考英语对固定搭配的考查也是一个重要方面，尤其在短文改错中的考查更应值得重视。1.介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；2.副词与动词的固定搭配；3.及物动词后多介词或副词的情

20、况；4.不及物动词后少介词或副词的情况；5.固定句型。考场思维训练1 Seeing the smoke coming out of his house,he thought he had to put offthe fire at once.2 The doctors told me the operation was successful,but be cause_the mans old age,he had to stay in hospital for other two weeks._1.ofr改为out解 析:put off推迟，put out熄灭,扑灭。2.because后加o

21、f解析：because为连词引导句子，becauseof为介词短语，后接名词或名词性短语直接作宾语。Yother改为another表示 另外的。综合问题6多词少词的错误1.（典型例题精选）As she gave it to me,when the phone rangand she went toanswer 79it.I looked at the orange drink and decided I couldn t face them,80._it_so I hid the glass behind a pile magazines.Of cause,when81.my mother w

22、as asked,Have you already taken your medicine?82.考场错解 79题去掉as；8I题 a 改为the；82题 al ready改为yet 专家把脉 79题错解的原因是没有理清she gave句与the phone句之间的主从关系，81题错解是因为找错了点，误以为冠词后的“杂志”应为特指，而忽略了 a pile of之固定用法，8 2 题 中 的 already亦可用于疑问句。此题主要是主、被动语态的错误，是mothe广问”的,而不是“被问”的。对症下药 79去掉when；81 pile后加of；82去掉was2.（典型例题精选）Although w

23、e have been members for a short78._period of time,we have made a great progress.That is79.because we are all very much active and the activities arenot 80.only enjoyable and also helpful.81.but 考场错解 79.w e前加but 80.very去掉 专家把脉 不能把两句之间的关系搞清，以及不把握although,though,but等词在英语表达中的意义和用法，是错解的根本原因。make progress

24、是固定用法。verymuch表示程度，much不可直接修饰active,应去掉much。对症下药 79.a 去掉80.much去掉专家会诊多词，少词是高考英语短文改错的一项必考内容，只是每年考查的重点不同，重点应注意以下几个方面：1.抽象名词，物质名词泛指时是否多了冠词，普通名词前是否少了冠词。2.及物动词后是否多介词，不及物动词后有宾语时是否少了介词。3.习惯用语中是否多或少词。4.不定式符号to 的多或少。考场思维训练1 still remember clearly the first day which I entered the university.2 They tell their

25、 readers at once what was happened._3 I decide walk around a little before accepting.1.which前加on解析：表示时间具体到某天时应用介词o n,本句中on which=when引导定语从句。2.w as去掉解析：happen为不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。3.在 decide后加to解析：decide后应跟带to 的不定式。探究开放题解答综合问题I行文逻辑上的错误1.（典型例题精选 I）They would have to ask their parents for82._money or for per

26、mission to do thing by the money.83.with_ 解答 would后加not。根据原文：上句为：“自己赚钱能使他们把钱花在他们愿意做的事情上。”本句意义为：“他们不必再向父母要钱”所以本句应为否定意义。规律总结解决好这类试题的关键在于要瞻前顾后，把握全文整体含义，注意语义上的连惯性和行文逻辑上的一致性。综合问题2母语影响的错误2.（典 型 例 题 精 选）It is good manners for them to help eachother78.usif we have the same desire and the teacher allows to i

27、t.79._ 解答 to 去掉，该句中allow为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语而不借助于介词，其结构有：allow sb.to do sth；allow（sbs）doing sth.规律总结受母语影响而出错是学英语者中最不易解决的问题，其原因就是：做的是英语，用的是汉语思维模式，要解决好这个问题，最好的方法就是平时多读、多听漠语努力学会并养成用英语思考的习惯，另外，还要多积累英语的习惯表达，多了解英语的文化背景。考场思维训练1 We liked the dishes you had cooked but we were happy to learn theEnglish songs you tou

28、ght us.2 Therefore,my father loves football.3 Can you tell me about what I should do.?1.but改为and解析：本句中liked与 were happy均表示褒义，所以二者之间不应该是转折关系，而应是并列关系，故将but改为and。2.Therefore改为However解析：由上文的叙述可知，我并不喜欢足球。而本句意义为我父亲喜欢足球，所以上下之间应为转折关系。3.去掉a b o u t解析：tell的基本句型为tell sb.sth/thatclause.原文中about多余。考点高分解题综合训练Pass

29、age 1（典型例题精选 There is a public library in every town in Britain.Any-one1._can borrow books if he or she wish.In some please you2._may borrow as more books as you need,but in others3._you are limited in a certain number of books.You may4._keep the books for several weeks so as you can have5._enough t

30、ime to finish it.If the book you want is out6._you may ask it to be kept for you.Most public libraries7._also have a reading-room,that you can sit at the desk8._and read the daily newspapers,magazines and the other9._books,but you are not permit to take them out.10._1.正确。2.wish改为wishes解析：与单数第三人称she

31、一致。3.more改为many解析：同级比较形容词用原形。4.in 改为t o 解 析:be lim让 ed to 是固定说法。5.a s改为that解析：SO that表示“以便”其后跟从句；so a s后跟动词不定式。6.it 改为them解析：指代前文的books应用复数。7.ask后加for解析：ask for表示“请求”。8.that改为where解析：引导非限定性定语从句表示地点用where。9.去掉第二个the解析:the other表示两个中的另一个，而 other作定语表示“另外的”。10.permit改为perm计 ted解析：被动语态应用过去分词表示。Passage 2（

32、典型例题精选Dear John,Last summer I take a part-time job in the International1._Camp for children.I have been told one more worker2._will be needed this year and 1 think you are fit it.How3._about join us.?The camp is at the foot of a small hill4._close to a river.It is so a beautiful place!We can hear5._

33、birds singing happy all around.Everybody sleeps in6._tents,that is very exciting.We usually work only five7._hours a day,so we will have plenty of spare time visit the8._area and have a fun,I am sure it will be an unforgettable9._experience.If you have interests in it,reply to me soon.10._Yours,Li P

34、ing1.take改为took 解析：last summer为过去时间，故应用过去时。2.正确。3.fit后加for解析：be fit fo r为固定短语。4.join改为joining解析：介词后的动词应用一 ing形式。5.s o 改为such解析：修饰名词应用such；so修饰形容词或副词。6.happy改为happily解析：修饰singing应用副词。7.that改为which解析：引导非限定性定语从句，且在从句中作主语表示物只能用which。8.tim e后加to 解析：动词不定式作后置定语。9.a 去掉解析：fun为不可数名词，不用冠词。10.interests改为interes

35、t解 析:interest此处为不可数名词，不用复数。Passage 3（典型例题精选）Dear Rick,After a careful study of all the informations about the three1._cities,!suggest you chose to live in City A.First,City A2._is the safest of three.As violence and crimes are on3._the rise all over the world,that is only wise to choose a place4._wh

36、ich you and your family are going to be safe.Second,the5._job opportunities,though not the best,is quite good.You6._dont need to worry about whether you can find a job or not.7._Third,entertainment in City A was not bad.Last,though the8._climate is the worst of the three,but it is not a major concer

37、n9._because you stay indoors mostly of the time and you will findall the rooms air-conditioned.10.Your friend,Li Hua1.informations 改为 information 解析：information 是抽象名词，不可数。2.chose改为choose解析：suggest表建议后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形。3.three前加the解析：此处表示特指。4.that改为it解析：替代不定式，句子等用it。5.which前加in 或改为where解析：定语从句

38、中作状语表示地点用where。6.is 改为are解析：句中主语opportunities为复数，其谓语动词应与之保持一致。7.正确。8.W as改为is 解析：与文中时态应保持一致。9.but去掉解析：此处无转折意思。10.mostly改为most解析：此处应用代词表示“大部分的”。Passage 4(典型例题精选 My hometown is a pretty city,so people thereare1._kind and polite.With coming of spring,grass and2._trees turn green,and flowers grew in man

39、y colors.3._In summer,the sea under the blue skies is even more4._beautiful.After autumn arrives,the city looks as an5._old man with leaves fallen from the trees.In winter,6._a lot of white birds come to my city for food.I can7._wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long8._time.While they fi

40、nd fish come to the surface,they9._fly down immediate and catch them without delay.10._That is my city,and I love it so much.1.s o 改为a n d 解析：根据上下句的关系应用and表示顺承。2.W ith后加T h e 解析：此处特指即将到来的春天。3.grew改为grow解析：根据行文需要，此处应用一般现在时。4.skies改为sky解析：sky无复数形式。5.a s改为like解析：表示“看上去像.”应用look like。6.fallen改为falling解析

41、：表示“正在落下的 应用falling。7.I 改为They解析：指代前文的birds用复数。8.more改为much解析：此处没有比较的意思，不用more。9.While改为When解析：表示“当.时”用 when。10.immediate改为immediately解析：修饰动词短语ny down应用副词。Passage 5（典型例题精选）Dear Steven,How are you?I havent heard you for long.1._Were all fine.Im sitting by the fire,write you a2._letter.Sam and Elizabe

42、th are in beds.This 3.morning,they took the dog out of for a walk but4._unfortunately the dog doesnt come back.Im5._not going to work tomorrow.So I can go and look6._for him.I hope hes OK.Grandfather is staying with us in the moment,7._He is fast sleeping in the armchair,snoring loudly.8._Anyway,I h

43、ave to go now and watch ten o*clock9._TV news and its going to start after five minutes.Write and tell us how you are.10._1.heard后加from解析：hearfrom为固定短语。2.write 改为 writing 解析：writing you a letter 作伴随状语。3.beds改为bed解析：be in bed在床上”,固定用法。4.o f去掉解析：take out表示“出来”，后有for短语作目的状语，故 o f多余。5.doesnt改为didnt解析：与行

44、文的主句时态保持一致。6.正确。7.in 改为a t解析：at the moment意为“在那时,在这时”。8.sleeping改为a s le e p 解析：在系表结构中用形容词asleep作表语表示“入睡”,be sleeping表示“正在睡”；besleepy表示困乏的，想睡的。9.ten前加the解析：此处特指“十点钟的新闻”。10.after改为in 解析：将来时态中用in 表示“在之后”。Passage 6（典型例题精选Dear Anish,Here are the information about Manchester University.1._It is about 200

45、 miles far away from London,and it2._has a very big schoolyard.You can live in the school3._or near the school.They have all sorts of course.4._I*m sure you will find one you like it.I know you5._are particular interested in Human Rights.So I will6._see that there is anything on their website（网址）.7.

46、_I II send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport8._when you arrived.You met him a few years ago,but he9._has changed a lot since then.Both your aunt or I look10._forward to seeing you again.See you soon.Pat1.are改为is 解析：句子主语information为单数，谓语也应用单数形式。2.去掉far解析：It is+一段距离+away from somewhere.为固定句型。3

47、.正确。4.course改为co u rse s解析：根据句意此处应为复数。5.去掉it解析：定语从句中省略了关系词，it 多余。6.particular改为particularly解析：修饰动词应用副词。7.that改为计/whether解析：宾语从句中表示“是否”应用if或 whether。8.meet前加to 解析：动词send的句型为send sb.to do sth.。9.arrived改为arrive解析：主句为一般将来时其时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来O10.o r改为and 解析：bothand为固定说法。Passage 7（典型例题精选Dear Ming,It was ve

48、ry nice to hear from you for such a long time.Im 1.glad to learn that youve been settled down in Boston and are2._getting used to the local ways of life.As you know,Im still buried in books at school you areso familiar with.What may surprise you are that Im going tothe US this July in a summer camp!

49、Surely Im expecting lotsof sightseeing tours,parties and another exciting things.We mustdefinitely meet when Im over.As is planning,Im coming3.4._5._6.7._8._to Boston around the 15th,and I wonder if you 11 free thenso9._we could chat about the good older days.10.Hope to see you soon.YoursXiao Lei1.f

50、o r改为after解析：此处表示很长时间后用after。2.去掉been解析：此处应用主动语态表示定居。3.ways改为way解析：表示生活方式way应用单数。4.a t后加the解析：此处表示特指。5.are改为is 解析：句子当主语其谓语动词按单数第三人称对待。6.in 改为on解析：表示活动或状态应用on。7.another改为other解 析:other表示“其他的，another表示“另一个为8.planning改为planned解析：as指代被计划的，故 planning应改为planned.9.free前加be解析：此处谓语不完整，free为形容词，故其前应加系动词be。10.