2023年初一年级上册册英语语法 介词.pdf

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1、English Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX学习目标What is a preposition?我们先回到第1章第2课的句子：The last man on Earth was alone in a room and suddenly heheard a knock on the door.如果将划线词去掉后的句子是：The last man Earth was alone a room and suddenly heheard a knock the door.最后一个人，地 球，孤 单,一个房间，和，突 然，他听到，一声敲击声，门。整.句子感觉被切割成独立的毫不相干的单元，让人理解

2、起来很费劲,当然这也就不能称其为“句子”了。但如果我们加上了那些词，整个句子就被串联起来，感觉这些词具有一种中介的作用，所 以 称 为“介 词 。从这个意义上来讲，你可以把介词理解为连接前后两个词的中介词，它体现的是前后两个词的关系。What is a preposition?A preposition is a word used to link nouns,pronouns,or phrases toother words within a sentence.They act to connect the people,objects,XXXe and locations of a sen

3、tence.Prepositions are usuallyshort words,and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns.介词(preposition)是用来把名词、代词或短语与句子中的其他词联系起来的词。它们的作用是连接句子中的人、对象、时间和位置。介词通常是短词，通常直接放在名词前面(介词的英文单词叫preposition,pre-表示 在 前 面 ，position表 示 位 置 ，preposition就是 在前面的位置”，所以代词亦称“前 置 词 )。What is a preposition?Preposit

4、ions are regarded as a closed class1 of words in theEnglish language.This means,unlike verbs and nouns,no newwords are added to this group over XXXe.In a way,it reflects theirrole as the functional workhorse of the sentence.They areunassuming and subtle,yet vitally important to the meaning oflanguag

5、e.介词在英语中被看作是一个“封 闭 词 类(closed class)o这意味着,与动词和名词不同，随着时间的推移，没有新词被添加到这个词类中。从某种意义上说，这反映了介词作为句子的功能主力的作用。它们低调而微妙 但对语言的意义至关重要。在英营3语 系，介词的使话频率 常高，往往通过介词来表达动词的含 义，这是英文思维有别于中文思维的一大特点。对 于 封 闭 词 类 ，我们可以集中一段时间把它们全部一次突破。r tTypes of Prepositions介词的类型Preposition of space 空间介词Preposition of XXXe 时间介词Preposition wit

6、h nouns 名词+介词Preposition with adjectives 形容词+介词Preposition with verbs 动词+介词Preposition of XXXePreposition with NounsNounPrepositionExampleAnswerToDo you know the answer to thequestion?LackOfWe hove experienced lack ofresources.TasteForYou hove a good taste formusic!SolutionToCan you help me find a s

7、olutionto my problem?RelationshipWithWhats her relationship withJack?PossibilityOfIs there any possibility of gettingwhot we want?Preposition with Adjectivesfond ofinterested infamous forpolite toshocked atcool aboutcrazy aboutgood atbad atbored of-withproud ofdifferent fromsimilar toaware ofconscio

8、us ofresponsible forbelong海、arrivePreposition with Verbsrecoverat癖1commenti1 forElt M ost Comm on P repositions最常用介词列表、0、.1 4 S，-Q-T ic _ T M L CW T _ m.Aboutr.、Because of In addition to Next to Throughout AboveBefore In case of Past T i，According to.Behind，In front of.P e r TimesAcross.B d o w.In p

9、lace of.Prior to To.A fte r Beneathf|In spite of，Round Toward.A gainstf|Beside-Into Snce Towards Ahead of.Besides.Inside off，Under Along Between Instead of.O n Underneath Amidst Beyond.I n t o On account of Unfee.A m ong9 By Except On behalf of Unti.A m ongst.By means of。Except for.On to Unto.Apart

10、fromf|Concerning Excluding.On top of Up，Around Despite.For.Onto Upon As.Down.Fofowing Opposite Viaf|As far as Due to.From Out.W ith As wdas.During.Like Out from With a view tof|AAstide from，n.Minusf|Out ofs ；Plus.Near Owing to产Barring.Within.Outside ThanAW ithout、Next/.Over Through_ _rz JExercise 1D

11、ecide which type of preposition the underlined word is.判断戈词属于哪种类型。仿照例子在括号里写出类型的代号。Preposition of space 空间介词(Type 1)Preposition of XXXe 时间介词(Type 2)Preposition with nouns 名词+介 痼(Type 3)Preposition with adjectives 形容词+介 词(Type 4)Preposition with verbs 动词+介 词(Type 5)Ex.He sat on a rock.(Type 5)1 The ba

12、by just smiled at me.(2 Could you tell me the answer to the question?(3 There is a cat in the tunnel.(4 Jim is crazy about Michael Jackson.(5 I get up at 5 a.m.every day.()isExercise 2U nderline the p repo sitio ns i n the sentences.Eachsentence contains at least two p re p o sitio n s.在每句中的介词下面画下划线

13、。每句至少有两个介词。1 We went through the door and snuck into the bank.2 We were looking for the money that was kept i n thesafe.3 There was a guard with a gun standing beside thesafe.4 We tried sneaki ng by him,but my friend tripped overamop.5 The guard grabbed h i m by the neck,but I snuckaround him and kn

14、ocked hi m down.Answer Key to Exercise 1Decide which type of preposition the underlined word is.判断划线介词属于哪种类型。仿照例子在括号里写出类型的代号。Preposition of space 空间介词(Type 1)Preposition of XXXe 时间介词(Type 2)Preposition with nouns 名词+介痼(Type 3)Preposition with adjectives 形容词+介 词(Type 4)Preposition with verbs 动词+介 词(T

15、ype 5)Ex.He sat on a rock.(Type 5)1 The baby just smiled at me.(Type 5)2 Could you tell me the answer to the question?(3 There is a cat in the tunnel.(Type 1)4 Jim is crazy about Michael Jackson.(Type 45 I get up at 5 a.m.every day.(Type 2)Answer Key to Exercise 21 We went through the door and snuck

16、 into the bank.2 We were looking for the money that was kept i n thesafe.3 There was a guard with a gun standing beside thesafe.5 The guard grabbed h i m by the neck,around h i m and knocked h i m down.U nderline the p repo sitio ns i n the sentences,sentence contains at least two prepositions.词下面画下

17、划线。每句至少有两个介词。Each在每句中的介but my friend tripped overEnglish Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX体会时间介词at,on,in随时间单位的变大而渐变的过程熟记A Train of XXXe图 表,从而正确运用时间介词at,on,一A Train of Time-X-xtJse St foi a specificpoint in time Use 1 1 1 foipails of the day/Time is a train that makes the future the past.(U2)U sO H-for specificclay

18、s,dates,parts of*卜7 am.IIhe morningthis pointnoonIthis momentItheMtanoohthat timethe eveningpresentnightthe nightdinnerIthe day modified,word.Use t n for months and seasons.ChristmasWeclnesdayweekdaysJuly 4thThursdayFridaya cold motniizveekendsSunday morn ng Sundaytlwmointngof July 4thMondayTuesday9

19、 SaturdaybirthdayMarchAprilMayspringJuneJulyAugustsummerSeptemljerOctoberNovenibeifallautumnDecenibefJanuaiyFebtuarywinterin thepast；atpresentthe 1990s199519971999the20thcenturyUse In for years,decades andcentimes19801983 the 1980s1986TIME;in thefutureExercise 1Fill in the blanks with at,on and in a

20、ccording to A Train of XXXe.根据A Train of XXXe图表用at,on,in填空。1()the 21st century2()lunch3()the future4()night5()the night6()20207()the afternoon8()a winter night9()October 1st10()the pastFill in the blanks with at,on and in according to A Train of XXXe.根据A Train of XXXe图表用at,on,in填空。1 1 get up()5 a.m.

21、every morning.2 Judy will get a lot of presents()her birthday.3 We went outside()a Sunday morning.4 Do you stay at home()weekends?5 Were your father born()March?6 What do you usually do()Mondays?7 I was younger()that XXXe.8 It often snows()winter.9 Lots of rock bands were formed()the 1970s.10 Do you

22、 want to live()the 19th century?is.t nA nsw er)the afternoon)a winter night)October 1st)the pastFill in the blanks with at,on and in according to A Train of XXXe.根据A Train of XXXe图表用at,on,in填空。1(in)the 21st centuryAnswer Key to Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with at,on and in according to A Train of X

23、XXe.根据A Train of XXXe图表用at,on,in填空。1 1 get up(at)5 a.m.every morning.2 Judy will get a lot of presents(on)her birthday.3 We went outside(on)a Sunday morning.4 Do you stay at home(on)weekends?5 Were your father born(in)March?6 What do you usually do(on)Mondays?7 I was younger(at)that XXXe.8 It often

24、snows(in)winter.9 Lots of rock bands were formed(in)the 1970s.10 Do you want to live(in)the 19th century?English Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX熟记A Test Day图 表，正确运用图中的时间介词重点掌握in,since,for,by的用法A千1一T-DAYi-，八 4，“，L 广”“广，Before the test-io：bo In the middle of7 during the test 12:00At 10:00f1D:00VBeforeUntilFrom 10:

25、00 to 12:00After the testThe test begins at 10:00.The test lasts from 10:00 to 12:00.上10:009:50After10:30Between 9:50 and 10:30_ 1 _ _ 9:5010X)010:00By Fm田老师10:30In the middle of/During12:00No one is allowed to enter the classroom before 9:50.You are not allowed to enter 9:50.If you anive earlier,yo

26、u need to wait until 9:50.No one is allowed to enter the classroomafter 10:30-1-You are allowed to enter the classroom between 9:50 and 10:30-No one is allowed to leave the classroom during the test.M F No one is allowed to leave the classroom in the middle of the test.For 1 hour11:00By=No later tha

27、n=At+Before12:00It s 11:00 now.The test has been going on for one hour.Your test papers need to be submitted by 12:00.Since12:0011:3020 minutes agoYMr11:50If s 11:50 now.Twenty test papers have been submitted since 11:30.1130The first one was submitted 20 minutes ago.11:S0,10 minutes 丫 智状;若需需黑公eChoo

28、se the right answer.根据A Test Day图表选择正确答案。1 You are not allowed to enter the classroom until 9:50.(A You can enter the classroom at 9:50.B You can enter the classroom at 9:45.2 If you arrive earlier,you need to wait until 9:50.()A If you arrive at 9:43,you don,t have to wait.B If you arrive at 9:40,y

29、ou have to wait.3 If s 10:00 now.The test has been going on for 2 hours.A The test ended at 12:00.B The test started at 8:00.4 Your test papers need to be submitted by 11:00.()A You can submit your test paper at 11:10.B You can submit your test paper at 11:00.5 It s 10:00 now.You can go home in 15 m

30、inutes.()A You can go home at 10:10.B You can go home at 10:18.()Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with prepositions of XXXe according to A Test Day.根据A Test Day图表用相关介词填空。1表示 直到为 止 用 介 词（）。2表 示 在 期 间 用 介 词（）。3表示 持续了（一段时间）”用介词（）。4表示 不晚于 用介词（）。5表 示 （以现在为起点的一段时间）之 后 用 介 词（）。Answer Key to Exercise 1Choose th

31、e right answer,根据A Test Day图表选择正确答案。1 You are not allowed to enter the classroom until 9:50.(A)A You can enter the classroom at 9:50.B You can enter the classroom at 9:45.2 If you arrive earlier;you need to wait until 9:50.(B)A If you arrive at 9:43,you don t have to wait.B If you arrive at 9:40,you

32、 have to wait.3 It s 10:00 now.The test has been going on for 2 hours.(B)A The test ended at 12:00.B The test started at 8:00.4 Your test papers need to be submitted by 11:00.(B)A You can submit your test paper at 11:10.B You can submit your test paper at 11:00.5 It s 10:00 now.You can go home in 15

33、 minutes.(B)A You can go home at 10:10.B You can go home at 10:18.A nsw erFill in the blanks with prepositions of XXXe according to A Test Day.根据A Test Day图表用相关介词填空。1表示 直到为止”用介词（until）。2 表 示 在.期 间 用 介 词（during/in the middle of）。3表示 持续了（一段时间）用介词（for）。4表示 不晚于 用介词（by）。5表 示 （以现在为起点的一段时间）之 后 用 介 词（in）0En

34、glish Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX学习目标outside in T 0The ball is outside the box.（静）The ball gets into the box.（动）The ball is outside the box.（静）The ball gets onto the box.（Sb）outsideontoThe ball gets off the box.（动）The ball is on the box.（静）Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根

35、据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)The ball is _(2)The ball gets(3)The ball gets(4)The ball isthe box._the box._ the box.the box.Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)The ball is_the box.(2)The ball gets_the box.(3)The ball gets_the box.(4)The ball is_the box.Answer Key

36、 to Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)The ball is outside the box.(2)The ball gets into the box.(3)The ball gets out of the box.(4)The ball is in/inside the box.A nsw erFill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)The

37、 ball is outside the box.(2)The ball gets onto the box.(3)The ball gets off the box.(4)The ball is on the box.English Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX体会空间介词的静态和动态属性正确运用空间介词on top ofThe ball is at the foot of the pyramid.（静）at the foot of The ball is on top of the pyramidThe ball goes up the pyramid.（动）The ball go

38、es down the pyramid.（动）up/!downPreposition c,；(J.1n uBall A is above the box.Ball B is over the box.Ball C is above the box.Ball D is beside the box.Ball E is beside the box.Ball F is under the box.Ball H is below the box.Ball K is below the box.Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of sp

39、ace.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)The ball goes_the pyramid(2)The ball goes_the pyramid.(3)The ball is_the pyramid.(4)The ball is_the pyramid.Exercise 24 一即 1Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。the box._ the box._ the box._ the box._ the box._ the box._ the box.the box.sslsl

40、sssissJC n n I 1ABCDEFHKaaaasaaBaBBBBBBB7)/X)/)z)/77)/12345678/(z(/(z(x/(/(z(a.一 -Answer Key to Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)The ball goes up the pyramid.(2)The ball goes down the pyramid.(3)The ball is at the foot of the pyramid.(4)The ball i

41、s on top of the pyramid.r tAnswer Key to Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。(1)Ball A is above the box.(2)(4)(5)(6)(8)Ball B is over the box.Ball C is above the box.Ball D is beside the box.Ball E is beside the box.Ball F is under the box.Ball H is bel

42、ow the box.Ball K is below the box.English Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX体会空间介词的静态和动态属性正确运用空间介词againstaroundclose to.far fromfn)after一ahead of一fBall A is ahead of ball B and ball C.Ball B is after ball A.Ball C is after ball A.纭 一 国Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。beside

43、against far from around1 Ball A stands2 Ball B stands3 Ball C stands4 Ball D standsthe box.the box.the box.the box.ahead ofafterball B and ball C.ball A.ball A.Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。Answer Key to Exercise 1beside against far from aroundFill in the b

44、lanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。1 Ball A stands far from the box.2 Ball B stands around the box.3 Ball C stands beside the box.4 Ball D stands against the box.Answer Key to Exercise 2Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。3)Erahead of aft

45、er1 Ball A is ahead of ball B and ball C.2 Ball B is after ball A.3 Ball C is a代er ball A.naEnglish Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX体会空间介词的静态和动态属性正确运用空间介词Preposition of SpaceRIVERROAD Q.a acrossBall A goes along the road.Ball B goes across the road.Ball C goes along the river.Ball D goes over/across the bridge.ta

46、lo一一ng一10一aCTOM/OV*XIPGEacrossaround,.,all over the world/globethroughoutPrepositionThe virus has spread across the globe.The virus has spread throughout the globeThe virus has spread around the world.The virus has spread all over the world.over1 Ball A goes2 Ball B goes3 Ball C goes4 Ball D goes必(4

47、/。SG E)5 Ball D goesthe road,the road,the river,the bridge,the bridge.across along(5)2)Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。ROAD Qthe globethe globethe worldthe worldover around throughout across1 The virus has spread2 The virus has spread3 The virus has

48、 spread4 The virus has spreadFill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。Answer Key to Exercise 1Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。across along over-1 Ball A goes along the road.2 Ball B goes across the road.3 Ball C goes along the

49、river.4 Ball D goes across the bridge.5 Ball D goes over the bridge.RIVER(4/$)A nsw erover around throughout across1 The virus has spread across the globe.2 The virus has spread through the globe3 The virus has spread around the world.4 The virus has spread all over the world.Fill in the blanks with

50、 the correct prepositions of space.根据图示用正确的空间介词填空。English Grammar英语语法主讲者：XXX体会空间介词的静态和动态属性正确运用空间介词Preposition of SpaceatbetweenF stands at the door.P sits at the desk.E sits across(the aisle)from/opposite A.A sits in front of/before B.C sits behind B.B sits in the middle of/among the students.T sits