2022年上海市高三高考英语一模专项汇编05阅读理解.pdf

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1、052020年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之阅读理解Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.2

2、021虹口一模(A)All Miss Price had been told about the new boy was that hed spent most of hislife in some kind of orphanage,and that the gray-haired“aunt and uncle“with whomhe now lived were really foster parents(养父母)，paid by the Welfare Department ofthe City of New York.A less devoted teacher might have

3、pressed for more details,butMiss Price was content with the rough outline.It was enough to fill her with a senseof mission that shone from her eyes,from the first morning he joined the fourth grade.He arrived early and sat in the back row,his backbone very straight,his anklescrossed precisely under

4、the desk and his hands folded on the center of its top,andwhile the other children were filling in,he received a long,expressionless stare fromeach of them.“We have a new classmate this morning,Miss Price said,“His name is VincentSabella,and he comes from New York City.I know well all do our best to

5、 make himfeel at home.This time they all swung around to stare at once,which caused him to duck hishead slightly and shift his weight from one side to the other.Ordinarily,the fact ofsomeones coming from New York might have held a certain status,for to most of thechildren the city was a frightening,

6、adult place that swallowed up their fathers everyday.But anyone could see at a glance that Vincent Sabella had nothing to do with it.Even if you could ignore his twisted black hair and gray skin,his clothes would havegiven him away:ridiculously new pants,ridiculously old sports shoes and a yellowswe

7、atshirt,much too small,with the faded remains of a Mickey Mouse designstamped on its chest.The girls decided that he wasnt very nice and turned away,but the boysremained in their inspection,looking him up and down with faint smiles.This wasthe kind of kid they were accustomed to thinking of as“tough

8、,“the kind whosestare has made all of them uncomfortable at one time or another in unfamiliarneighborhoods;here was a unique chance for revenge.56.What can you learn about Miss Price and Vincent from the first two paragraphs?A.Since nobody had ever seen Vincenfs parents,he now lived all by himself.B

9、.Miss Price knew Vincent so well that shed like to focus every bit of attention onhim.C.Miss Price didnt know much about Vincent,but that didnt stop her wanting to careabout him.D.Vincent sat in the back row so as not to arouse any unnecessary attention caused byhis late arrival.57.Why does the auth

10、or mention“New York,in the third and the fourth paragraphs?A.To illustrate Vincents distant origin.B.To demonstrate childrens desire to go to see their fathers.C.To emphasize Vincents low social status from his shabby clothes.D.To state a certain distinction between Vincent and peoples imagination.5

11、8.Which of the following words can best describe Vincent?A.Devoted but shy.B.Nervous and uneasy.C.Untalkative and tough.D.Sensitive but unfortunate.59.What can you infer from the text about Vincents new classmates?A.They were either unconcerned or unfriendly toward him.B.They used to consider people

12、 like Vincent to be very tough.C.They barely noticed the new boy sitting in the back of the classroom.D.They were very curious about the newcomer in a kind and considerate manner.(B)HARRY POTTER AND THE FORBIDDEN JOURNEYUniversal Studio ResortMake your way through the classrooms and corridors of Hog

13、warts.Then rocketabove the castle grounds on a groundbreaking new ride that lets you join Harry Potterand his friends on an unforgettably thrilling adventure.Our goal is to ensure that everyone is able to make well informed decisions abouttheir ability to safely,comfortably,and conveniently experien

14、ce each of ourattractions.l.CAUTION:This ride imitates dramatic aerobatics and includes sudden acceleration,stopping,turning,climbing,and dropping.Failure to follow posted guidelines may result in serious injury or expulsion（弓 区 逐）from the park.Attraction is not allowed for Guests with a history of

15、heart conditions or abnormalblood pressure.Attraction is not allowed for Guests with back,neck,or similar physical conditions.Expectant mothers are not allowed on this attraction.Attraction is not recommended for Guests easily influenced to motion sickness ordizziness.Attraction is not recommended f

16、or Guests who have fear of enclosed spaces.Attraction is not allowed for Guests with recent surgery or other conditions that maybe worsened by this ride.Prosthetic limbs（义肢）must be secured to prevent hazards or loss due to ride forces.Please see an attendant for assistance.Guests under 122cm may not

17、 ride.Weight not to exceed 136 kg.This attraction cannot accommodate guide dogs.A portable pet cage is availableupon request.2.TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY:Remain seated with your head firmly against the headrest.Keep hands and feet inside the vehicle.Hold onto shoulder restraints at all times.No Photogr

18、aphy or Video Recording.Maximum capacity 4 persons.Keep safely all loose articles（phones,hats,glasses,video-recording equipment,cameras,wallets,keys,etc.）in the lockers provided or leave with a non-rider.No eating,drinking,or smoking.6O.In the passage,the underlined word aerobatics is closest in mea

19、ning to A.violent movements B.plunging activitiesC.increasing rides D.rapid actions61.What is a proper behavior during rides according to the given information?A.Guests must keep cameras inside their pockets or bags.B.Children who are under a certain age are not allowed on this ride.C.People with pr

20、osthetic limbs should remove them before the ride so as not to losethem.D.People with visual sickness need to keep their guide dogs with them all the waythrough the ride.62.Where would this page most probably be found on the Universal Studio homepage?A.Guest Services B.About Us C.Things to Do D.Plan

21、 Your Visit（C）Fewer than 400 North Atlantic right whales remain in the wild,and not even 100of them are breeding females.Their biggest survival threats are boat strikes andgetting caught in fishing gear.Protecting these whales,such as by turning boats fromdangerous encounters,requires positioning th

22、em more reliably-and new technology,described in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,could help make thatpossible.To listen for marine life,researchers often install underwater microphones calledhydrophones on buoys（浮标）and robotic gliders（滑翔机）.The recorded audio ischanged into spectrogr

23、ams-visual representations of sound used to preciselyrecognize,for instance,specific whale species5 calls.But those distinctive sounds areoften drowned out by other noise.In recent years researchers have used amachine-learning technique called deep learning to automate this analysis,butbackground so

24、unds still block reliability.Now researchers have trained two deep-learning models specifically to cutthrough the noise.They started by giving the models thousands of clean”spectrograms with only North Atlantic right whale calls.Then they slowly added inthousands of spectrograms mixed with typical b

25、ackground sounds,such as tankerengines.The program can successfully turn noisy spectrograms into clean ones,reducing false alarms and helping spot whales before they reach dangerous areas,thescientists say.Shyam Madhusudhana,a Cornell University data engineer,who was notinvolved in the study,says he

26、 would want to see if such models could be used tolocate other marine mammals（哺乳动物）,too.Humpback whales and dolphins havemuch more complex speech pathways than the right whale,“he notes.And Universityof East Anglia machine-learning researcher Ben Milner,one of the studys authors,wants to take this t

27、echnology above water as well-to Ukrainian forests,where hehopes to identify animals near the site of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.University of St.Andrews behavioral ecologist Peter Tyack,who was notinvolved in the study,says this new system should be used to figure out where whalesare throughout th

28、e year,so that these areas can be protected.uIn terms of estimatingthe density and the number of these whales in places where ifs hard to see them,“Peter says,this technology could be fantastic.But he warns that it should not be the only approach to preventing ship strikes.Inhis work,Tyack has found

29、 that North Atlantic right whales can be silent for hours at atime so passive sound monitoring could easily miss one.And killing just a few,headds,could lead to extinction of the population.63.What does the new technology do to help protect the North Atlantic right whales?A.Locating the right whales

30、 precisely.B.Turning boats to encounter the right whales.C.Guiding the right whales away from fishing boats.0.Positioning fishing boats reliably and thus deadly strikes.64.What is a major contribution of deep-learning models to reducing backgroundnoises?A.They turn off the nearby alarms that may cre

31、ate background noises.B.They can eliminate disturbances shown on a spectrogram sheet.C.They add thousands of mixed sounds such as vehicle engines.D.They can prevent whales from reaching dangerous areas.65.It can be learned from the passage that.A.Shyam and Ben are both scientists at different univer

32、sities who know each other wellB.all of the three scientists consider the extended use of the technology could facechallengesC.Shyam and Ben both hope that the deep learning model can go beyond its currentapplicationD.Peter thinks the technology should have been used to figure out where ifs hard to

33、seethe whales66.Which one of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Latest Techs on Marine LifesavingB.Save the Right Whale by Noise-cuttingC.See Whales Noise through Human9s EyesD.Non-professional Scientists,Role in Saving Whales答案56-59 CDBA 60-62 ABC 63-66 ABCB2021宝山一模(A)Early on,b

34、y age nine perhaps,I discovered my passion for both reading andwriting fiction.The discovery was sudden and unexpected:one very hot summer dayin Birmingham(no air conditioning),while reading,I realized I was trembling withcold.I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a snowsto

35、rm.How is this possible?I asked myself,and the answer came immediately.Its thesewords.Just these words have made me feel cold.Full of wonder and admiration forLaura9s writing,I thought,Td like to be able to do that someday.Nonetheless,I found myself beginning college as a premedical student with the

36、intention of becoming a doctor.You see,I wanted to do good,or to be a good person,one devoted to the welfare of others.And what of my own love of reading and myinterest in imaginative writing?Both still gave me immense pleasure,though I wasfailing chemistry.But what good is literature?I asked myself

37、.And I asked myserious-minded student friends the same question.To spend my life merely doingwhat I loved seemed unacceptably self-centered.One day in a literature class at my small,excellent liberal arts college,theknowledgeable professor,who was also dean of the college,posed a question thatnone o

38、f us could answer:In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip ofCharles Dickenss Great Expectations alike?”While I did not know the answer,what Idid know-in a strange flash of awareness一was that whatever the answer,it wouldbe of crucial importance to the young man sitting across the corridor fr

39、om me.And who was he?A brilliant person,a troubled person for all his brilliance,someone I loved and admired.The professor answered his own question.Both are boys in search of a father.And I knew my friend across the corridor,through literature,suddenly understood hisown confusion.He knew in an inst

40、inctive way something of vital importance.Whatwas true of those fictive boys was also true of him:he needed to become a guidingfather to himself.The class was over.As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together intothe hall,he said without looking at me,“And how can you doubt,Sena,that liter

41、aturecan do good in the world?”Without looking at him,but sure both his eyes and myeyes were shined with tears,I replied,know.I know.I knew that literature couldand does make ideas and feelings real,dramatic,and accessible in a way thatenhances the quality of our lives.And so I gave myself permissio

42、n to embrace a literary life,both as reader and aswriter.If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new andneeded perspective,then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature.That was all a very long time ago,about half a century ago.My friend would diein an auto

43、accident before he was twenty-one.And I would live to be extraordinarilyhappy in my choice of professions.This I believe:that the arts must be a part of education at all levels,that the artscan and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves andour world.56.What was the

44、 embarrassing situation Sena the author of the passage faced?A.She was attracted by Lauras writing but felt extremely cold.B.She did not know how to answer the question but it was important.C.She loved literature but wanted to do something good for humanity.D.She admired her brilliant friend Dwight

45、but he died in an accident.57.The author of the passage mentioned her friend Dwight to d e m o n s t r a t e.A.only he could answer the professors questionB.he was the very person she loved and admiredC.literature becomes a guiding father to himselfD.literature offers us priceless insights into ours

46、elves58.It can be concluded that the author decided to.A.follow her passion for being a doctorB.devote herself to literature in her lifeC.be a reader to enhance the quality of her lifeD.be a doctor and engaged in literature sometimes59.What might be the best title for the passage?A.A life in literat

47、ure B.A medical careerC.An unforgettable lesson D.An unexpected accident(B)Even if the world makes it hard to relax,we all need to find a way to reset andrecharge.We go through life thinking weve rested because we have gotten enoughsleepbut in reality we are missing out on the other types of rest we

48、 desperately need.Saudra Dalton-Smith,a physician,outlines different types of rest that are essential forhuman growing.Physical restHThis is the usual definition of rest were a familiar with.But while we know we need to spend a decent number of hours inbed to stay healthy,a steady persistent support

49、 of studies shows alarge proportion of us still dont get enough physical rest.Mental restAlways have a tornado of thoughts spinning in yourhead from the moment you wake up to the moment you finallyfall asleep?You need more mental rest,and even if you sleep asolid eight hours a night,youre not going

50、to feel fully recharged until you get it.“The good news is you dont have to quit your job or go on vacation to fixthis.Schedule short breaks to occur every two hours throughout your workday thesebreaks can remind you to slow down.You might also keep a notepad by the bed towrite down any painful thou