2023年高考英语新时政热点阅读 15 科学新知（含解析）.pdf

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1、2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学新知题型主要内容1阅读理解介绍了科学家训练蜜蜂监测新冠病毒。2阅读理解记录了一个实验，表明狗天生就有与人互动的能力。3阅读理解科学家发现人们用嘴学习可以达到和眼、手一样的效果，从而为盲人或弱视人群参与科学学习提供了一种解决办法。4阅读理解通过实验来证明了在恰当的个性、恰当的音乐和恰当的任务的情况下，音乐的存在可以显著提高认知功能。5语法填空记 者 Nestor通过自己的经历以及和一些专家的谈话中表明，呼吸方式影响全身的健康。6七选五讲述了好的声音让人更有吸引力，人们该如何练习好的声音。01（2022广西南宁三中模拟预测）Scientists in the

2、Netherlands have trained bees to identify COVID-19 through their sense of smell,according to a press release from Wageningen University.The research wasconducted on more than 150 bees in Wageningen University?s bio-veterinary research laboratory.The scientists trained the bees by giving them a treat

3、 a sugar-water solution every time they wereexposed to the scent of a mink（貂）infected with COVID-19.Each time the bees were exposed to a noninfected sample,they wouldnt get a reward.Eventually,the bees could identify an infected sample within afew seconds and would then stick out their tongues like

4、clockwork,to collect the sugar water.Bees arent the first animals to detect COVID-19 by scent.Researchers have also trained dogs todistinguish between positive and negative COVID-19 samples from human saliva（唾液）or sweat with fairlyhigh levels of accuracy.A small German study found that dogs could id

5、entify positive COVID-19 samples94%of the time.Thats because metabolic changes from the coronavirus make an infected persons bodilyfluids smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person.But researchers still arent sure whetheranimals are the best bet for sniffing out COVID-19 cases outs

6、ide the lab.“No one is saying they can replace a PCR machine,but they could be very promising,Holger Vblk,aneurologist,told Nature.PCR machines are what lab technicians use to process standard COVID-19 swabtests.At the very least,certain animals could be useful for identifying COVID-19 in places or

7、countries inwhich high-tech laboratory equipment is scarce or inaccessible.Wageningen scientists are working on a prototype of a machine that could automatically train multiplebees at once.Then bees can use their skills to test for coronavirus aerosols（气溶胶）in the surroundingenvironment.1.How did the

8、 researchers teach the bees to identify COVID-19?A.By offering bees some rewards.B.By infecting bees with COVID-19.C.By raising bees with sugar water.D.By exposing bees to infected humans.2.Why are dogs capable of finding out negative COVID-19 samples?A.For dogs can sniff out hidden virus of the sam

9、ples.B.For dogs can tell the different smell of the samples.C.For dogs can feel metabolre changes of the samples.D.For dogs can distinguish saliva from sweat of the samples.3.What is the follow-up task of Wageningen scientists?A.To breed more multiple bees.B.To detect coronavirus aerosols.C.To help

10、underdeveloped countries.D.To develop a new type of machine.4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.A New Way to Cure COVID-19 DiseaseB.Bees:Well-trained COVID-19 DetectorsC.Bees Extremely Accurate Sense of SmellD.The Best Method of Identifying COVID-1902（2022 广西北海高三阶段练习）Dogs are born to soci

11、alise with people because we raise them thatway.Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects and will stare at ourfaces when theyre spoken toboth signs that dogs have an innate capacity to interact with us through bodylanguage.Although individual relationships with pe

12、ople might influence that behaviour,at least 40percent of thisability comes from genetics alone,“says Emily Bray at the University of Arizona.Over the course ofkeeping dogs,there has been a clear selection for these social skills,she says.Its something thats deep inthem and that comes out at a reall

13、y young age even before they have much experience with humans.Bray and her colleagues tested these types of skills in 375 eight-week-old dogs that were chosen tobecome service dogs.Bray says,“It was the earliest age when the dogs could carryout such experimentsbecause they were only just old enough

14、to be motivated by food rewards/The researchers found that pointing at food hidden under a cup helped the dogs to find it nearly 70percent of the time.The success rate was high from the start,meaning they werent learning to follow pointing,but had already known to do so.In a control test,the randoml

15、y selected dogs couldnt find food hidden underone of the two cups at a higher rate,indicating that they werent simply smelling it.Much of the variation indifferent dogs abilities to follow finger-pointing is explained by genetics.Using statistical analyses based onthe dogs parents and other relative

16、s,the researchers found that genetic factors were responsible fbr much ofthese variations.The team also ran another experiment in which the researchers spoke baby talk“to the dogs and foundthat the dogs fixed their eyes on the person for more than 6 seconds on aver-age,representing anunderstanding t

17、hat the researchers were communicating with them.5.What does the underlined word“innate in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Weak.B.Natural.C.Secret.D.Complete.6.Whafs the future mission of the 375 eight-week-old dogs?A.To serve humans.B.To take part in tests.C.To entertain researchers.D.To learn human bo

18、dy language.7.What mainly influenced the dogs success rate in finding the hidden food?A.Food smell.B.Their genes.C.Their habits.D.Professional training.8.How do dogs react to“baby talk”？A.Randomly.B.Confusedly.C.Sensitively.D.Absentmindedly.03(2022广东深圳高三阶段练习)The first time that I met a blind scienti

19、st.I worked in a program fordisabled students interested in pursuing STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Maths)research.Untilthat point,it had never occurred to me how blind students were prevented from receiving science education.My daily experience in classrooms consisted of professors drawing and

20、 writing on the board with theassumption that students in the class could see.But what about those students who cannot see or suffer fromvision problems?A recent paper from Baylor University,led by Katelyn Baumer and Bryan Shaw,was inspired by exactlythis problem.They designed a study to assess whet

21、her people could learn to recognize 3D models,like thoseoften used to teach science,with their mouths instead of with their eyes.A 2021 paper in Nature found that primates（灵长类动物）showed the same brain circuit activation（激活）when grasping objects with their hands and when moving an object with their to

22、ngues.This indicates thatthere may be underlying similarities of physical manipulations（操纵）of the hand and the mouth.Baumer and Shaw found that there was comparable touch recognition with hands to mouth manipulationrecognition when using these models.365 college students and 31 primary school studen

23、ts participated inthe study.The participants were blindfolded and then divided into two groups,one assigned to manipulateobjects by hand,and one to manipulate the objects with only their mouths.Each participant was given asingle model protein to study.They then were asked to identify whether each of

24、 a set of eight other proteinmodels matched the original they were given.The research team saw that both age groups of students were able to successfully distinguish betweenmodels.Moreover,the accuracy of recalling the structures was higher in people who only assessed the modelsthrough mouth manipul

25、ation.Although this study did not involve blind or low-vision students,it sets the basis for expanding intothem next.It may offer a way to have science become more accessible,which is the ultimate goal.9.Who will most probably benefit from Baumer and Shaw s study?A.Professors.B.College students.C.Pr

26、imary school students.D.Blind and low-vision students.10.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A.Explain a concept to readers.C.Summarize the previous paragraphs.11.What method is used in the study?A.Making comparisons.C.Conducting interviews.12.What is the text mainly about?A.A recent pa

27、per about STEM education.B.Provide supporting information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.B.Doing surveys.D.Reviewing papers.B.A protein model used in science teaching.C.A potential way for disabled students to learn science.D.An academic program for blind scientists to do research.04(2022江西高

28、三阶段练习)Music can really affect your well-being,learning,quality of life,and evenhappiness.The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose tolisten to it while doing their homework.But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want toimprove

29、their learning?A new study suggests that for some students,listening to music is a wise strategy,but fbr others,it isnt.The effect of music on cognitive(认知的)function appears to depend partly on yourpersonalityspecifically,on your need for external stimulation(刺激).Researchers not only assessed listen

30、ers9 personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and thecomplexity of the music.Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for externalstimulation.Then,they engaged in an easy cognitive task(searching fbr the letter A in lists of words)and amore challengin

31、g one(remembering word pairs)in order.Participants finished both tasks under one of twosound conditions:(l)no music,(2)with music.The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation,on the simple task of findingAs,the scores for the music condition were significantly worse than

32、those fbr the silent condition.On thecomplex task of learning word pairs,their performance was worse whenever music was played.For thosewith a low need of external stimulation,however,on the simple task,such participants9 scores fbr the musiccondition were much better than those fbr the silent condi

33、tion.On the complex task of learning word pairs,the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.According to the study,there are individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function.Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cauti

34、ous of adding music to the mix.On the other hand,students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence ofmusic.With the right personality,the right music and the right task,the presence of music may significantlyimprove cognitive functioning.Given the benefits of music

35、,subscription to Spotify will be rewarding!13.What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?A.It only involved the participants,response to music.B.Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.C.The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.D.Participants were grouped by th

36、eir need for external stimulation.14.What can we infer from the result of the research?A.The complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.B.Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.C.Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.D.The presence of musi

37、c benefits students who seek for external stimulation.15.What might the underlined word Spotify be?A.A travel guide.B.A psychology journal.C.A music platform.D.A personality test.16.What could be the best title for the article?A.Why is music essential in your study?B.Is music beneficial to your pers

38、onality?C.How can music affect your external stimulation?D.Does music promote your cognitive performance?05(2022 山东高三阶段练习)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。If you were told to stop from breathing through your nose,could you do it?Journalist Nestor made17 for about 10 days,plugging up his nose and 18(

39、breathe)only through his mouth as partof an experiment at Stanford University.The effects were systemic-sleeping troubles,high blood19(press)and,of course,discomfort.Breathing is so automatic an activity 20 most of us never think about doing it.But as Nestorshows through his own experiences and conv

40、ersations with dozens of experts,the way we breathe21(make)a difference for the bodys overall health.Based on the results of the experiment,hepublished a book Breath:The New Science of a Lost Art,22 he explores everything from the roleour noses play 23 hormone regulation(激素调节)and digestion,to how so

41、me athletes build up thelung capacity(肺活量)24(run)marathons in extreme conditions or dive in icy water for more thanan hour at a time.The topic is seemingly simple an entire book about breathing?But 25(actual)every chapter reveals new details about how body and breath work together at the same time.N

42、estors daring attitude and 26（curious）were infectious:I not only noticed myself payingattention to my own breathing every time I sat down to read,but my new-found comfort with my own lungseven inspired me to go for my first jog in years.06（2022重庆八中高三阶段练习）Youve heard them before.Perfect voices,matchi

43、ng their speakers）attitude,style,and appearance.Most people know how to recognize a good voice simply because they like itand feel attracted to it.27 There are reasons why specific voices feel much easier on the ears,andpeople describe them as smooth.Good voices usually sound warmer,friendlier,expre

44、ssive,and controlled.However,a bad voice is thecomplete opposite.28The question is:29 When we have a good conversation with someone,we tend to adjust thepitch（音高）of our own voice towards theirs.But when we find someone attractive,the opposite is true.Formen,their pitch goes down,while for women,thei

45、r pitch goes up.Whats more,lowering or raising yourpitch might be a sin of how attractive we find our date,but it also makes the other person more attracted tous.But could putting on an accent help you to appear younger or more masculine（男子汉的）？Humanshave a remarkable vocal range,but also a good abil

46、ity to detect fakers.30-if we could go arounddeceiving（欺骗）people all the time with our voices,then the entire communication system would fail.Atthe end of the day,making your voice sound more attractive,better,or deeper is a matter of trying.31Practice your breathing,keep your pitch in mind,copy goo

47、d speakers,and learn how to position your voiceafter youve examined it.Record yourself,and see what works and what doesnt.A.So humans are not easily deceived.B.However,its not only a matter of taste.C.Spend some time in front of your mirror.D.Start more conversations with your friends.E.Do men and w

48、omen always use the same pitch of voice?F.It often sounds annoying,hesitant,boring and never changes.G.Can we use our voice in the right setting to adapt to our needs?参考答案:1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家训练蜜蜂监测新冠病毒。1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The scientists trained the bees by giving them a treat a sugar-wa

49、tersolution every time they were exposed to the scent of a mink（貂）infected with COVID-19.（科学家们训I练蜜蜂，每次让它们接触感染了 COVIDJ9的水貂的气味时，就给它们一种糖水溶液）”可知，科学家是通过奖励的方式训练蜜蜂识别新冠病毒的。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第三段第四句A small German study found that dogs could identify positive COVID-19 samples 94%of the time.Thats because metabolic

50、 changes from the coronavirus make an infectedpersons bodily fluids smell slightly different from those of a non-infected person.（德国的一项小型研究发现，狗识别出Covid_19阳性样本的准确率是94%。这是因为冠状病毒的代谢变化使感染者的体液气味与非感染者略有不同）”可知，狗能够辨别出新冠病毒阳性患者是因为它能闻出他们什么不同的味道。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段Wageningen scientists are working on a prototype