2023届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语试题（解析版）.pdf

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1、2022学年第一学期高中英语练习卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或 写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the endof each conversation,a question will be

2、 asked about what was said.The conversations and thequestions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,readthe four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1.A.The museum.B.The airport.C.The hotel.D.

3、The campus.2.A.Host and guest.B.Lawyer and client.C.Guide and tourist.D.Doctor and patient.3.A.$5.B.$10.C.$15.D.$20.4.A.She feels a little bit disappointed.B.She is thinking of moving to the south.C.She wonders where the Browns are going.D.She has found a new way to contact the Browns.5.A.Try to get

4、 a ride with Pete.B.Take an airplane to Yellowstone.C.Ask Pete about his geology class.D.Drive her car to Yellowstone.6.A.The man should exercise first after he gets up.B.The man can exercise for many times a day.C.The man should first prepare his breakfast.D.The man can exercise when he has time.7.

5、A.He may sell it to the owner of a hotel.B.He may rent it out for use as a hotel.C.He may redecorate it and use it as a hotel.D.He may tear it down and build a new hotel.8.A.There are different kinds of folders.B.This decision requires careful thought.C.It doesnt matter which folder she uses.D.The c

6、olor of the folder suggests the content.9.A.Annie should try to avoid getting sick.B.He has known Annies neighbor for many years.C.He has heard of many composers of classical music.D.Annie might spend a lot of money on classical music.10.A.She also needs a new tennis racket.B.She wants to borrow som

7、e money,too.C.She doesnt think Brian will repay the money.D.She couldnt get Brian to play tennis.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After eachpassage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversationwill be read

8、 twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.People under great pressure.B.People waiting fo

9、r operations.C.People dealing with cancer.D.People with mental disorder.12.A.Singing can cure patients with cancer.B.The singers felt less stressful after singing.C.The singers7 psychological activities increased.D.Singing was beneficial to repairing cell genes.13.A.A newly-established singing group

10、 in Wales.B.The connection between cancer and stress relief.C.An alternative to traditional cancer treatments.D.Supportive effects of singing on cancer sufferers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.China.B.Egypt.C.Spain.D.Siberia.15.A.Avoid the epidemic.B.Make slaves toug

11、her.C.Serve as sacrifices.D.Be the food for lambs.16.A.The history of garlic cultivation.B.The different ways of cooking garlic.C.The characteristics and uses of garlic.D.Garlics extensive impact on our modern life.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A.The acceptable b

12、ehaviors at the cinema.B.The difference between cinema and home.C.The remark on the latest films.D.The treatment people get at the cinema.18.A.Comfortable.B.Unhealthy.C.Annoying.D.Tolerable.19.A.Sending messages.B.Making phone calls.C.Taking selfies.D.Doing makeup.20.A.To take a comfortable seat.B.T

13、o appreciate the film attentively.C.To behave ourselves at the cinema.D.To bring clear digital projection.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammaticallycorrect.For the blanks with a given word,fill in eac

14、h blank with the proper form of the given word;for the otherblanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Gray Hair Can Return to Its Original ColorFew signs of old age are clearer than the sight of gray hair.we grow older,our strands of hair losetheir youthful color.Although this may seem like a pe

15、rmanent change,new research reveals that gray hairs2 miraculously regain color at least temporarily.In one 1972 paper,the late doctor Stanley Comaish reported an isolated case of a 38-year-old man,with his threestrands 3(be)light near the ends but dark near the roots.This signaled a reversal in the

16、normal grayingprocess,4 begins at the root.A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first 5(offer)quantitative evidence linkingpsychological stress to graying hair in people.Having analyzed individual hairs from 14 volunteers,researcherscompared the results with each volunteers str

17、ess diary,in which individuals9 review of their calendars and eachweeks level of stress rated are included.When hairs were aligned with(与.又 寸 照)stress diaries striking associations between stress and hair graying6(reveal)and,in some cases,there was a reversal of graying when stress was removed.There

18、 was oneindividual who went on a long vacation,and five hairs on that persons head returned back to dark during thevacation.Although it may seem easy to understand 7 stress can speed up graying,the researchers were surprisedto discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eased.We could pi

19、cture hair as a powerful tool to assess theeffects of 8(early)life events on aging-because hair provides a kind of physical record of past events,much 9 the rings of a tree.Its pretty clear that the hair encodes part of your biological history in some way.Hair grows out of the body,and then it cryst

20、allizes i nt o0 hard and stable that holds the memory of yourpast.【答案】1.As 2.can#could#may#might3.being 4.which5.to offer6.were revealed7.that 8.earlier9.like 10.something#the【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，白发可以奇迹般地恢复颜色一一至少是暂时的。文章介绍了这项研究的具体开展情况以及研究发现。【1题详解】考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的头发失去了青春的颜色。此处引导时间状语从句，表 示“随着 应

21、用 a s,句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。【2 题详解】考查情态动词。句意：虽然这似乎是一个永久性的改变，但新的研究表明，白发可以/可能奇迹般地恢复颜色一一至少是暂时的。后跟动词原形，表 示“可以”或“可能”，应用情态动词can/could/may/might。故填can/could/may/mighl。【3 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在 1972年的一篇论文中，已故医生斯坦利 科迈什报告了一个38岁男子的孤立病例，他的三股发丝末端较浅，但发根附近较深。此处为with的复合结构，strands与 be构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填being。【4 题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这

22、标志着从根开始的正常变灰过程的逆转。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 process,从句缺少主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。【5 题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学研究人员的一项新研究首次提供了心理压力与人们头发变白之间的定量证据。序数词后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填to offer。【6 题详解】考查时态语态。句意：当头发与压力日志对照时，压力和头发变白之间的显著关联被揭示出来，在某些情况下，当压力消失时，头发变白的情况会逆转。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为striking associations,谓语用复数。故填w

23、ere revealed。【7 题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：虽然压力会加速头发变白似乎很容易理解，但研究人员惊讶地发现，当压力缓解时，头发的颜色可以恢复。此处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that引导。故填that。【8 题详解】考查比较级。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年轮一样。结合语境表示“更早的”，应用比较级。故填 earlier o【9 题详解】考查介词。句意：我们可以把头发描绘成一个强有力的工具，来评估早期生活事件对衰老的影响，因为头发提供了一种过去事件的物理记录，就像树木的年

24、轮一样。后跟名词作宾语，表 示“像”，应用like。故填like。【10题详解】考查不定代词或冠词。句意：头发从身体里长出来，然后结晶成坚硬而稳定的东西，保存着你过去的记忆。此处表示“坚硬的某物”应用不定代词something或用定冠词+形容词，表示一类事物。故填something或 the。Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note thatthere is one word more than you ne

25、ed.An Innovative PainterA.lonely B.convey C.touches D.inconvenienceE.widely F.accompanyingG.composition H.captures I.abandon J.sensoryK.wearingAlan is a pioneering painter,working with oil paint on canvas in a traditional way.It is only in his use of paintthat he differs from the usual practice of u

26、sing brushes.Although he does use a brush to draw the main lines of his II.he uses painting knives to apply thepaint.Early on he found that paint laid on with painting knives gave him the particular body and texture（质地）hewanted to 12 his subjects.The knife is capable of an enormous variety of marks,

27、from delicate 13to fierce sweeping and slices of paint.The knifed sharp edged marks create their own dynamic of light and shade.Alan possesses many painting knives of different sizes,but tends to favour three or four,which are now14 thin with constant use.He is still discovering new possibilities wi

28、th the knife,driven by the demands ofa new subject.Although Alans paintings are made in the studio,they are all composed from drawings made outdoors.These drawings are the seed corn on which all his paintings are based.The marks that go down on paper make sure he15 not j ust the actual scene but als

29、o the changing light,the direction of the wind and the 16 soundsand smells.For the painter,the whole 17 experience remains fixed within the drawing long after he has leftthe scene.Throughout his life Alan has travelled 18 for particular places that fuel his creative imagination.He isan adventurous s

30、eeker,regardless of the 19 or difficulty of some of the locations.Long ago he decided to20 the idea of working on large oil paintings out of doors because it involved canvases,oil paints and manyother tools around.He now travels light,taking only sketchbooks,pens and a few watercolours with him.This

31、 giveshim the freedom to draw anywhere and to catch the fleeting moment 一 the here-and-now-ness“of the place.【答案】11.G 12.B13.C 14.K15.H 16.F17.J 18.E19.D 20.1【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。艾伦是一位先锋画家，他以传统的方式在画布上作画。他只是在使用颜料方面不同于通常使用画笔的做法。文章对这位画家进行了介绍。11题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然他确实用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，但他使用绘画刀来作画。根 据“he uses paintingkn

32、ives to apply the paint”可知，此处是指用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，所以应用名词composition表 示“作品”作宾语。故选G。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：早期，他发现用画刀涂上的颜料给了他想要传达主题的特殊主体和纹理。根 据“his subjects”可知，此处是指表达画的主题，所以应用动词convey表 示“传达”。故选B。【13题详解】考查名词。句意:这把刀可以留下各种各样的痕迹，从精致的修饰到激烈的横扫和油漆的切片。根 据“t。fiercesweeping and slices of paintw可知，此处是指精致的修饰,所以应用名词touch表示 修饰 作

33、宾语。故选C。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：艾伦有许多不同大小的绘画刀，但他更喜欢三到四把，因为经常使用，这些刀现在都磨薄了。根 据“with constant use”可知，此处是指这些刀现在都磨薄了 所以应用动词wear表 示“磨损”。故选K。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根 据K not just the actual scene but also the changing lightw可知，此处是指他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕提到了变化的光线，所以应用动词capture表 示“捕捉”。故选H。

34、【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根 据a the direction of the w in d 和 sounds and smells”可知,此处是指伴随的声音和气味。所以应用形容词accompanying表示 伴随的 作定语。故选F。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：对于画家来说，在他离开现场很久之后，整个感官体验仍然固定在画中。根 据 the changinglight,the direction of the windn和“sounds and smells”可知,此处是指整个感官体验仍然固定在画中

35、,所以应用名词sensory表 示“感官”作定语。故选J。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：在他的一生中，艾伦广泛游历了许多特别的地方，这些地方激发了他的创造性想象力。根 据 for particular places”可知，此处是指艾伦广泛游历了许多地方，所以应用副词widely表 示“广泛地”作状语。故选E。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：他是一个冒险的探索者，尽管有些地方很不方便或很困难。根 据 or difficult of some of thelocations可知，此处是指有些地方很不方便,所以应用名词inconvenience表 示“不方便”作宾语。故选D。【20题详解】考查动词。句

36、意：很久以前，他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法，因为这涉及画布、油画颜料和许多其他工具。根据后文“He now travels light,taking only sketchbooks,pens and a few watercolours with him.”（他现在轻装旅行，只带速写本、钢笔和几幅水彩画。）可知，此处是指他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法。所以应用动词abandon表 示“放弃”。故选I。III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there a

37、re four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size.Bees inspired MirkoKovac,a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printi

38、ng.A 21 3D printer is limited bythe range of its nozzle（喷嘴），and can only make objects smaller than itself.Dr Kovacs team has removed the22 by giving the printer nozzle wings.In the latest edition of Nature,Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types ofdrones:builders a

39、nd scanners.The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle.The scanners are robots equipped withcameras that are 23 for monitoring the progress of the builders.In the building process,builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and 24 printing andadjusting,layer by layer,until a structure is c

40、omplete.First,a builder keeps flying over its area of operation andbegins to release a jet of the building material.The choice of material is importantit must be lightweight enough forthe drones to carry but 25 enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top.Once the builderrobot has r

41、eleased a layer of material,the scanner robot flies over and 26 the progress.The system thencomputes the next layer that the builder should make,while also correcting for any error that might have beendiscovered in what has already been built.These could be errors made by the builder-drones or 27 in

42、 theexpansion of the building material.At this point,people can also manually adjust the process,28 andcorrecting course where necessary.The researchers tested the systems 29 by building both a large cylinder(HItt)and a small cylinder.The tasks were not simple.Making circles on top of other circles

43、would not have worked,because the perfect matchrequired in position would have been impractical to a c h i e v e.30,the builder robot printed winding circlesthat interleaved 卬 万 力(交 错；嵌入)the layers above and below,to ensure maximum stability.The cylinders built by Dr Kovacs robots successfully meet

44、the requirements of the British building codes.3j these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing,Dr Kovac says their main task willprobably be,initially,in repair.Because the flying robots can,in theory,operate anywhere,they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise32 places.Dr Kovac s

45、ays that his robots could be used to 33 and seal leaks in pipelines or fixcracks on tall buildings.These robots could be 34 to work more quickly,cheaply and with less risk tohumans.Thinking more long term,Dr Kovac sees a 35 future fbr his construction robots,building on thesurfaces of the Moon or Ma

46、rs.But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction onEarth.21.A.typicalB.latestC.preciseD.popular22.A.partB.characteristicC.limitationD.shortage23.A.suitableB.responsibleC.famousD.ready24.A.go onB.work onC.take turnsD.contribute to25.A.massiveB.stableC.strongD.fle

47、xible26.A.makesB.improvesC.inspectsD.continues27.A.misguidanceB.imbalanceC.misuseD.imperfection28.A.changingB.supervisingC.arrangingD.measuring29.A.featuresB.weaknessesC.capabilitiesD.responses30.A.MoreoverB.MeanwhileC.OtherwiseD.Instead31.A.BecauseB.WhileC.IfD.After32.A.remoteB.unavailableC.inacces

48、sibleD.deserted33.A.spotB.squeezeC.replaceD.remove34.A.inquiredB.intendedC.expandedD.assigned35.A.vagueB.demandingC.distantD.potential【答案】21.A 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人的过程以及这个机器人对地球的影响。2 1 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:典型的3D打

49、印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印出比自身更小的物体。A.typical有代表性的；B.latest 最新的；C.precise 精确的；D.popular 流行的。根据下文“limited by the range of its nozzle,and can only make objects smaller than itselfv可知，3D打印机会受其自身的限制，只能打印比自身小的物体，这是现在市场上有代表性的3D打印机的通病。故选A 项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的团队通过给打印机喷嘴插上翅膀，消除了这一限制。A.part部分；B characteristic 特

50、征;C.limitation 限制；D.shortage 短缺。上文 u A typical 3D printer is limited by the range ofits nozzle提到3D打印机的限制，所以下文才要移除该限制,C 项 limitation“限制”是原文limit的派生词复现。故选C 项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扫描仪是装有摄像头的机器人，负责监控建造者的进度。A.suitable适合的；B.responsible 负责的；C.famous 有名的；D.ready 准备好的。下 文“In the building process,builders and