2023年八年级下英语知识点.pdf

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1、lesso n 11.Wha t*s th e weather 1 ike toda y?这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子,还可以说成:How is th e we a ther?2.1t will be s n o w y a nd hot t o da y.snow y是形容词，意思是有雪的，雪大的。它是由名词sn。w+y 构成，类似的词尚有：clo udy;rain y;sunny;windy;i c y；f o gg y;t h i r sty;dirdy；h e alt h y;3.What s the t empera t u re?问温度是多少时，不用 how many mu c

2、 h,要用 what4.1 hope n o t.它的肯定形式为I hop e s o.类似的表达法有:I m a f r aid so.Fm afraid n o 1.1 thi n k soI d o n t think s o.5.Tm s c ar e d o f th u n d er.b e s c are d o f s b.st h.胆怯某人或某物。这 里 sc a r e d 是过去分词，作形容词。如:I s c a r ed o f wild anim a 1 s.sc a re 还可以作动词。如：Y o u sc a red me.Ie s s o n 21.Wha t

3、s the date t o day?I t 1 s March twe n tyfirst.Wh a Y s th e d a te?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子，也可以说成：What is t o da y 7 sda t e?假如询问星期要用 W hatday i s to d ay?Wh a t day i s i t t o day?2.In s p r in g,t h e w e ather becom e s w armer.becom e是系动词，与 get同样，常接形容词作表语；与 get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语，表达身份的变化。应为：成为。如：The d a ys a

4、re b ee omin g get t in g longer ins u mmer.H e b ee am e a lawye r i n 1 9 98.3.The tem p erature g oes up I go up 意思是上升，与 r i se 同义，与 g o d o wn 或 set 相反。如：t h e sun goes up r ise s in th e e as t a nd go e s d ownse t s in t h ewes t.4.Thun d er make s a 1 o u d noi s e.make a noi s e 意思是发出声响，吵闹。

5、如:The b abyis s 1 e e p in g.Dont m ak e a noi s e.You s h ou 1 d n t make a noi s e i n class.Ie s s o n3l.Sp r in g has arriv e d i n S h ijiazhua n g.arrive 是不及物动词，意思是到达。arri v e in+大地点（国家、地区、城市）a rriv e a t+小 地 点（学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点卜地点为副词时 inat 要省去。如：He arri v ed in P aris.The train arrived a t the

6、 station.T h eyarrive d home e a r ly.r e a c h 表达成达时,是及物动词，直接与到达的地点（n）连用。如：He r eac h ed Paris.The t r a i n reac h ed t h e stat i o n.getto表达成达时，后跟副词表达的地点时to要省去，如:H e g ets th e r e on time.2.Every mom i ng I see m a ny peop 1 e in the par k e x ere i sin g.see sb.doings th.表达看见某人在做某事，如：Can you s

7、ee them p 1 ayi n g footb a 1 1 ov e r there?s e e sb.do s t h.表达看见某人做过某事，如:I often s e e him play foot b a 1 1 on t he p 1 a y gr o und.这样的词尚有:hear;wat c h;n oti c e 等。3.Th e s u n wil 1 set in abou t f ift e en m i nutes.i n 是介词，表达在 以后，用于将来时，后面跟表达一段时间的名词。此时，不 能 用 a ft e r 替换 in.如：H e will be b ack

8、 in tw o days.They wi 1 1 fin i sh the work inten months.4.We won t see any flo w e r s until May.not.until.意思是直到.才。until可以作介词或连词。如：They did n t lea v eu n til they finis h ed the work.He won t g o to be d u n til 11 oz c l o c k.5.N ext mo n th,mayb e we w il 1 play in o ur sh o r t s and Tsh i r t

9、s!i n 表达穿着，它可以跟表达衣服或衣服颜色的名词，意思是穿着.颜色的衣服。如:The gir 1 in the hat i s my s i ster.Th e y a re p 1 ay i ng in new cl o thes.O u r t ea c heris i n a re d dress to d ay.All of t hem a re i n blac k.Ie s s o n 41 .We a the r is warming,.这 里 warm是动词，意思是变暖，它也可用作形容词，如：Its wa r m i n sprin g.1 t*s getti ng wa

10、rmer da y b y day.2.on e by on e 一个接一个地 如 Yo u can p 1 ant t h e s eeds one b y o ne.类似的词语尚有：yea r b y ye a r;d ay b y day.3.See it bring the seaso n1 s c hange.see sb.s t h.do sth.看到某人或某事物做过某事,chang e 这里是名词，它也可以做动词，如:He changed his cl o t h es.1 esson 51.L e trs g o cycling.g o cycl i ng=go t o rid

11、e a bike 去骑车。如:H e o ften goes c yc l i n g on Sun d ay.1 ets d o s t h.表达让某人做某事1 e ts n o t d o s t h.让某人不要做某事，如：Le t s h a ve a rest.Lets not g o there.2.How abo u t ba s e b a 1 l,t h en?h owwha t a b o u t+npro n d 0 ing s th .如：I likes p ring.How about yo u?What abou t a c u p 0 f co f fee?Ho w

12、 abou t opening t h e wind 0 w?3.T he ball a Iwa y s h i t s me on t he h ead.h it sb.o n the+身体部位，表达打在某人的某个部位，如:He hit me on th e head.He was s 0 a ngr y tha t h e h i t ma ry in th e f a ce.4.ShaIl w e p la y s o c c e r?Shall w e L.?表达征求对方意见，可以.吗；好吗。如:Sh a 1 1 we go s w i mm i n g?Shall I si t h

13、ere?1 esson6l.Dann y is bab y sitt i n g h i s c ousin Debie a 11 h e playground.b a b y sitt i n g 是双写t+i ng 而来的，这样的词尚有：s wimming；run n ing;b e gi n ning;g e t t ing;p u t ting等;at t h e playground 也可以说成 i n o n t he pl a y g r o und.2.H o Id on,Debbie!h o Id on 可以表达稍等，别挂断；抓紧，如：Hold on a m i n ute.

14、He h e Id on to the r ope.3.Da n ny wil 1 push y o u.pu s h 这里是动词，意思是推，它也可以用作名词.push s b.=giv e sb.a push.4.1ts t i me to s top swinging,d e bbie.st o p d o i n g s t h.停止做某事;st o p t o do sth.停下来做某事；如：They s t o p p e d t o smo k e a cig a rette.I must s top smoki n g.W h e n he saw his t e a c her

15、 on the s t r e et,he s t opped to t alk t o h er.All the stud e nts st o pped talk i n g when t he teach e r c a me i n.5.Debbed ge t s o f f the sw i n g.g e t o ff.意思是从.下来，通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等，反义词组是 g et o n.如：D on1 t g e t o f f t h e b u s u n tilitstops.T h ey w i 1 1 g e t o f f t he t r ain i n

16、Be i j i n g.上、下小汽车或电梯常用 g et in t oout o f.lesson71 .1 thoug h t about i t all day at scho o 1.think a b out 意思是思考，考虑，想起，想到.；如:I am th i nking a bou t my f rie n d inthe country.don t think a b ou t it anymore.2.I thou g ht that i t would b e e a s y t o babysi t t h e r e.i t 在此代替后面的不等式lo b abysi

17、t the r e,作形式主语，如：It i s inte r e s t in gto c limb th e hill.lt i s hard t o ans w er t he q u e s t i on.3.1 was s ca r ed that sh e wo u Id h u r t he r s elf,b u t.h e rse lf是反身代词，意思是她自己.当主语和宾语 指同一个人时，宾语应用反身代词.如:S h e can look after he r self.My m o ther taug h t h e rse 1 f En g lish.反身代词还可以作同位

18、语，起加强语气的作用.如：She c a n d o it h e rself.=She h e rs e 1f c an do it4.My a unt and uncle h ad m ade sand w i ch e s for us to e at a t the playgrou n d.ma k e s th.f or s b .=m a ke sb.s th.意思是为某人制作某物.如:I w i 1 1 make a birt h day c ake fo r her.=I will m a ke h er a birt h d a y ca k e.5.s o w a s i

19、.这是一个倒装句.是由s o+系动词、助动词 情态动词+主语，构成.如:He is t a1 l.S o am I.They 1 ike c h i nes e food.So do the two Eng 1 is h me n.6.1 help e d her bru s h he r te e th an d c l i mb into bed.he 1 p s b.(t o)d o s t h.意思是帮助某人做某事，如:I o f t en hel p my mo t her dothe h ousewor k.H e sometime s h e lp s me study Engl

20、ish.help sb.with s t h.也能表达帮助某人做某事，但 w ith 后面跟名词或人称代词宾格，上面的句子可改写为:I oft e n h e Ip m y m o ther w i th th e ho u sew or k.He s ometimeshelps me with my Engl i s h.Iesson91.W o uld y ou lik e som e mark e rs?would li k e 意思是想要，后跟名词，代词，动词不等式.如：I d like a c up o f t ea.Woul d y ou 1 i ke s o me b anana

21、s?Fd 1 ike to have a n o t h er b o o k.would 1 i ke sb.to d o s t h.意思是想要某人做某事，如:Hed like me t o help him wi th h is m a ths.w o u l d you like st h.?用来表达邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西，它的答语为:Y es,please.N o,t h a nks.woul d you like to do s t h.?用来表达邀请某人做某事，它的答语为:(y e s)J,d 1 ikeMove t o.I*m af r aid n o t.ATd 1 o v

22、 e to,but 等.2.W o u 1 d y o u p 1 e ase lend me you r g re e n marke r?wo u Id y o u p le a s e+动词原形?表达请你.好吗？lend 是借进，常用 1 e nd st h.t o sb.其反义词为 borro w,常用 b or r ow s t h.from sb.，如 He b o rro w e d a car f r om h is fri e nd.H e le n t h i s b ik e t o his n e ighbour.3.Do n t forge t t o d raw t

23、h e sun.f o r g e t t o do sth.意思是忘掉去做某事,f o rget d o ing sth.意思是忘了做过某事,如:Dont f o r get to c 1 o s e th e w indow be fore you b e ave.He fo r go t closi ng t h e wind o w,so h e went bac k t o cl o s e i t a gain.He f org o t to tu r n of f the li g ht,so it was on t he whol e nigh t.4.After yo u p

24、 lant a p la n t i n a po t,w hat d o y o u d o nex t?p lan t是一个兼类词，既可以作动词，也可以作名词.plant a p 1 an t 表达种植物.类似的兼类词尚有：w o rk；water;p u s h 等.le s son 1 01 .Flower s,le a ves a nd s terns gro w abo v e gro u n d.Root s gr o w below g r o und.a bo v e 是介词，表达在上方，比.还高.与b e 1 o w 相反.如:The plan e is f lyingab

25、ove th e c 1 o ud s.T o d a y s tem p er a ture i s 10 degree s below z e ro.o v er是在.正上方，或覆盖在 上面，如:T h ere is a 1 amp a b ove the de s k.Th e reis a b r id g e ov e r th e r iver.2.Plants have fl o wers beaus e th e f lo w ers m ake see d s.because是连词，表达由于，引导因素状语从句.它不能和s o 连用，如:She dicing c ome t o

26、scho o 1 b e c a u se she w as s i c k.=Sh e was s ick so sh e d i d n t c o me to sc ho o 1.3.The se e d s of t h e r i ce plant fe e d bil 1 ions o f peop 1 e.h u n d r e d,lhou s a nd,mi 1 1 io n,b i Ilion等词前有具体数字时，用单数形式，直接修饰名词；表达一个笼统的概念时，用复数形式，后面要与介词。f 连用再接名词.如:He h a s thre ehun d red b o o k s

27、.He has read hund r ed s o f book s.le s so n 1 11.You ne e d t o loo k af t e r i t.lo o k a ft e r=take c a r e of 意思是照顾，如：I have t o 1 o ok a f ter t h e baby.Ca n you 1 o ok a fter you r sei f?2.P lan t s u se su n li g h t t o make food.to make f o od 是不定式，表达目的，如：Li Ming went t o b e i jing to

28、se e hi s uncie.3.Ga r dens are full of plants.be f ul 1 o f.表达盛满 .,装满.如:The room i s fu 1 1 of people.The s e bott les a r e f u ll of water.4.I n s pr i n g,people pu t c ov e rs o v er plants t o k eep them w arm at night.c o v e r 用作动词意思是覆盖，遮盖,co v e r.w i th.表达用.把覆盖上，如:He c overed his face with

29、 a scarf,be c o v e re d w ith.被覆 盖 着.如：The road i susuall y covered wi t h s n ow.co v e r 还可以用作名词，表达覆盖物，封面.如:The bo okn e ed s a n e w cover.k e e p sb.sth.+a dj.表达使某人或某物处在某种状态.如:We s h oul d keep o ur c 1 assr o om cle a n.H e likes doi n g th i ngs t o ke e p h i mself bu s y.Lets k e e pthe w i

30、nd o ws o p e n.5.W i n dows a re made of g la s s.bemade of.意思是由 制成，在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.be made from.意思是由 制成,在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:M y d e skm a d e of w oo d.B o oks a re made o f paper.Pap e r i s made from wood.W i neis made from wheat.1 e sson12l.One g r oup s i ngs t h e p u r pie w o rds,and t h

31、 e other g r o up si n gs t h eblack word s.on e.,th e oth e r.意思是一个.另一个如:She has two cats.On e i s white,t heother is b 1 ac k.2.Th e p r e t ti e st pla n t.prettie s t 是 p r e tt y 的最高级，如：H e is th e tallest bo y and sh e i s the pretti e st g irl.3.That y o u ev e r di d see.did see在此相称于saw,d i

32、d 放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用，如：S h e does st u dyh ard.I do lik e com p u t e r g ames.They d id go t o h a v e a p i c nic y e st er d ay.4.As t h e s t em gr o w s,it m a k e s leav e s.a s 在本句中表达当.时候，引导时间状语从句.如:He wen t out a s I came i n.1 esson 131 .T r ees help c le a n t h e ai r.11*s p le a s a n t to

33、w a l k among the tre e s.pleasa n t,pleas e d 都是形容词,表达快乐的，快乐的.p 1 ea s a n t 常用来形容事物，而 pie a se d 常用来形容人，如：I am ver y plea s e d y ouv e de c ide d to c om e.a mong介词,表达在 （三者以上）之间，b e t we e n 介词，表达在两者之间.2.D o n uts d onz t grow on tr e es.o n t r e es=o n the tr e e 表达树自身所有物在树上;in th e t r e e 表达外

34、来物在树上；如:There a r e s ome birds i n the t ree.Th e re are many a pples on the tree.3.Th e n w e c a n s i t und e r a tr e e in t he shade.in t h e s had e 是介词短语，意思是在阴凉处.类似的短语有in th e sun;i n the li g ht;4.A11 p 1 a n ts t ake energy from t h e sun a n d make i t in t o f o o d.make.in t o.意思是把.制成如:

35、We c a n ma k e the t re e in to p a per,We can mak e c o t t on int o clo t h.m a ke还可以构成如下短语be m a de o f fr o mb y in等5.W i t h out f ood,t h ey wou 1 d h a v e not h in g t o eat a nd th e y w o u ld d ie.wit h out 是介词，意思是没有，不，如 He w e nt to s cho o 1 w i thout b r ea k f a st.He1 eft w ith o ut

36、 s a ying go o d b ye.Fish cant l i v e without water.1 e ssonl41.T h e re a re a bo u t eight y t housa n d dif f eren t plan t s i n the wor 1 d thatp eopl e c an e at.t hat people c a n e a t 是定语从句，修 饰 plants,th a t 是关系代词，引导定语从句，并代指P 1 an t s,也可以用whic h 来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,lhat,如 I 1 i ke the p

37、res e nt tha t you gave m e.Thi s i s th e mo s t int e resti n g book tha tPve eve r r e ad.The w o man w h o is bab y sit t i n g the bab y is my au n t.2.Bu t hal f o f t he world s fbo d come s from only t h r e e p l a n t s：race,com and whea t.half o f.意思是.中的一半，当它所指代的是不可数名词时，代表单数.假如后面所接的是可数名词的

38、复数，那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如Half of his money was s p e n t o n boo k s.Half of t h e books h e r e are in E n g 1 is h.Half o f t h e st u de n t s in o u r class 1ike math.a 1 1 of.；a qua r t e r of.和它类似.3.Do c tors u s e m e dicine to h e lp s ick peo p le.use.t o do s t h.意思是用.来 做 如 We u se o u r f e et a

39、 nd le g s to w a 1 k.s i c k 是形容词,意思是有病的，患病的，可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词，意思相同，但只能作表语;如 H i s mother was si c k i 1 1 in bed.The r e ar e m an y s i ck peo ple i n t h e d o ctors wa i ti n g room.4.D o you have a hat ma d e o f s t r aw?m a d e o f s traw是过去分词短语作后置定语，表达被动;如Do y o u know t h eboy named peter?T

40、his is the c a mera b o u g h t i n japan.les s o n 151.I have a 1 o t to wri t e abou t t o day.to wr i te 作后置定语，修饰a lo t,表达没有做，要去做的动作.如 I have no t h ingto s a y.They fo u nd a r o om t o live i n.She h a s no p en t o wri t e w ith.2.Now sth.n e w is growi n g at the t o p of th e stem.sth.是不定代词,

41、应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如S th.is w rongwit h his compute r.T h e r e is s th.i mportant in to d a ys new s pap e r.3.Later,t he head wi 1 11u r n into wheat s eed s.tur n into.意 思是变成 如 Water ca n tu r n into i c e.t urn in t o.意思是把.变成.，如 Hea t turn s water in t o v apor 蒸汽.相关的短语有 cha n ge into.,ch a

42、 nge.i nt o.lesson 171.She plays with me wh e n I c ome h o me from schoo 1 .play with.意思是与.玩，玩弄.如 Dont p lay wit h f i re,its d a n gero u s.2.1 wil 1 kee p him u nd e r my d e s k.k eep的意思是使某人 某物保持某种状态或某地位.如If your hands ar e cold,keep th em in y o ur po c k e ts.T h es e g 1 o ves w i 1 1 k e e p

43、 y o u r h a n d swarm.Im sorry to ke e p you w a it i ng.Yo u can*t keep du c ks i n the clas s ro om.ke e p 尚有饲养的意思，如 He k e e ps bees,g oats and hens o n hi s f arm.3.1 wil 1 ne e d to p 1 ant a t r e e i n my b e d r oom.在肯定句中动词n ee d 通常用作行为动词，如 The y n e e d to fin i s h t h e p r o j ec t o n

44、tim e.Y ou n eed to t a ke an umbrella w ith you.在否认句和疑问句中,n e e d 即可用作行为动词，也可以用作情态动词，如 You n e e dn*t f i n i sh that work today.=You dont need to finish that w o rk tod a y.Do y o u needto g o out?=N eed y ou g o o u t?n eed 还可以用作名词，如 The r e is a gre a tn e e d fo r a n e w book o n t h is su b j

45、 e ct.T h e re is no d eed for y ou to star t y e t.1 e sso n 181 .H e was ta 1 kin g to m y mum.w a s we r e+doing是过去进行时，表达在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作.如 He w a siftwatch in g the hamburgers at th a t t ime.He was c ooking supp e r w h en I goth o me.1 ess o n 191 .The zoo is o pen.o p en是形容词,意思是开放的，可进入的.如 Th i

46、s g ard e n is o p e n to th e publ ic.open还可以表达开着的，营业的，等.如 He s 1 e p t in the r o om wi t h th e w i ndow open 1 as t nig h t.The sho p isnt o p en on sundays.His co a t w as open.Thec ag e s are b ig and open.2.I t has all k i n d s of anim a 1 s.all k i nd s o f 意思是各种各样的，如 All kinds o f pl a nts

47、 wer e displa y ed.d i f fere n t k i n d s。f.不同利1 类的.；a ki n d o f.一种.；3.W e*1 1 nee d o u r c aps to pr o tec t u s from t he s u n.prot e ct sb.s t h.agains t f r om sth.意思是保护 保卫某人或某物不受.的侵害.如 I waswea r i ng a fur c o at to prot e ct m y self f r o m th e c o Id.Winter w h ea t ly i n gu nder sn

48、o w i s prote c ted a g a i ns t t h e co 1 d.4.Zoo s can h elp p e opl e t 0 sto p animals from go i ng exti n e t.st 0 p s b.fr 0 m doing s th.意思是阻止某人做某事，在积极语态中from可以省去，在被动语态中 from 不可省 去.如 Plea s e dont s t 0 p h im(from)playing basketba 11.He wa s s to p ped f r om p 1 aying bask e t b a 11.W e a

49、 1 1 t ried to sto p him(from)sm o kin g in be d.1 e ss 0 n 201.1 am at th e z 00 w a t chi n g all the a nimals,I want to make f r i en d s w i thone t 0 da y.at the zoo在动物园，也可用作i n the zoo.make f r i end s wi t h 表达与交朋友.2.T h row some food t o the d uck s b y the w ater.Sta n d so st i 1 1 while t

50、h e y wa d d le my way.by是介词，意思是在旁边，在.附近.如:My house is by th e river.sti 1 1可以作形容词，意思是静止的,不动的;如:Keep st i 1 1 while I c o mb y o ur h ai r.P lease s t and st i 1 1 w h i le 11 a ke your p h otogra p h.s t i 11还可以作副词，意思是还，仍然,依旧;如：He is s t i 1 1 sleeping.Th e f i st is st i 11aliv e.while是连词，意思是当的时候;