2023年中考英语语法细分考点综合复习专题14非谓语动词【讲义】.docx

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1、2023 中考英语语法细分命题点复习专题 14 非谓语动词讲义名目考向一 动词不定式171.1 不定式做主语171.2 不定式做宾语181.3 不定式做状语191.4 be+adj+to do sth211.5 不定式做宾语补足语211.6 不定式做定语221.7 省略 to 的不定式231.8 不定式的否认构造24考向二 动名词252.1 动名词做主语252.2 动名词做宾语252.3 介词后用动名词272.4 动名词与不定式做宾语28考向三 分词293.1 过去分词做定语293.2 过去分词做宾语补足语303.3 现代分词做定语313.4 现代分词做宾语补足语32考向一 动词不定式1.1

2、不定式做主语不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，为避开头重脚轻常用it 作形式主语。常用句型有：It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为做某事对某人来说是。It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为做某事花费某人多长时间如：To learn a language well is not easy=It is not easy to learn a language well.学好一门语言是不简洁的。1.2023上海松江一模It is not a good ideaa picnic on windy days. AhaveBto

3、haveChavingDhad【答案】B【详解】句意：在刮风的日子野餐不是个好方法。考察动词不定式作主语。have 进展，动词原形；to have 不定式；having 现在分词或动名词；had 过去式。动词短语have a picnic 意为“进展野餐”；句型“Its+形容词+to do”意为“做某事怎么样”，其中 it 是形式主语，“to do”是句子真正的主语。本句规律上的真主语为 to have a picnic “去野餐”，应选B。2.2023辽宁大连It is easy new words. Try to read the words when you see them, and

4、try touse them.ArememberBto rememberCrememberedDremembering【答案】B【详解】句意：记单词很简洁。当你看到这些词的时候，努力去读它们，努力去使用它们。考察非谓语动词。remember 动词原形；to remember 动词不定式；remembered 过去式；remembering 动名词。依据句子构造可知，此句是固定句型：it+be+adj.+to do sth.，其中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。应选B。1.2 不定式做宾语1. 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want(想) / try(试图) / decide(打算)

5、/ would like(想要) / hope(期望) / love(宠爱) / learn(学会) /agree(同意) / wish(期望) / expect期盼/ refuse拒绝/promise承诺等+to do sth例句：I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。2. it 做形式宾语：think/find/make+it+adj.+to do sth.it 作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。例句：I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我觉察要通过数学考试很难。3.2023湖北嘉鱼

6、县教学争论室二模 Baby, would you mind me cook the fish? Ofcourse not. I cant waitit!Ahelp; tasteBhelping; tasteChelp; to tasteDhelping; to taste【答案】D【详解】句意：珍宝，你介意帮我做鱼吗？固然不介意。我迫不及待要品尝了！考察动词非谓语。help 帮助，动词原形； taste 品尝，动词原形；helping 动名词；to taste 动词不定式。依据题干可知，第一个空，考察固定搭配mind doing sth.表示“介意做某事”，可知用helping；其次个空，依据

7、固定用法 cant wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待做某事”，所以用动词不定式 to taste；应选D。4.2023重庆They hopethe basketball match. AwinBwonCto winDwinning【答案】C【详解】句意：他们期望赢这场篮球竞赛。考察非谓语动词。win 赢，动词原形；won 是 win 的过去式或过去分词形式；to win 动词不定式；winning 动名词或现在分词形式。句中谓语动词是hope，意为“期望”，常用于句型hope to do sth.“期望去做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式。应选C。5. 2023山东济南Have yo

8、u finished your book report yet?No, I havent. I plan it thisweekend.AwriteBwroteCwritingDto write【答案】D【详解】句意：你写完读书报告了吗？没有。我打算这个周末写。考察动词不定式作宾语。plan to do sth.打算做某事，固定搭配。应选D。6.2023西藏The Chinese government will always do.Awhat has he promised to doBwhat has he promised doCwhat he has promised doDwhat h

9、e has promised to do【答案】D【详解】句意：中国政府将永久依据他承诺的去做。考察宾语从句及非谓语动词。由“The Chinese government will always do”可知，本句为宾语从句， 应为陈述句语序，故排解A、B 两项；且promise to do sth 承诺做某事，故此处应为动词不定式，故排解C 选项。应选D。1.3 不定式做状语1. 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和缘由。如：To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。2. 【易错】中考常考带情态动词的宾语从

10、句后跟to do 做目的状语的情形，这种状况同“情态动词后用动词原形”的用法简洁混淆。例句：I will do what I can to help you.我将做我所能的事为了帮助你。句中what I can 为宾语从句，to help 做目的状语7.2023四川乐山一Do you always get up so early?Yes,the first bus. My home is faraway from school.AcatchBto catchCcatchingDcaught【答案】B【详解】句意：你总是起得这么早吗？ 是的，去赶第一班车。我家离学校很远。考察非谓语动词。A 为动

11、词原形；B 为动词不定式；C 为动名词；D 为过去式。依据My home is far away from school. 我家离学校很远。可知，起早get up so early的目的是为了赶早班车the first bus，因此应当用动词不定式做目的状语。应选B。8.2023辽宁大连Dont worry. We will meet next Mondaythe project again,AdiscussBdiscussedCdiscussingDto discuss【答案】D【详解】句意：别担忧。我们下周一再开会争论这个工程。考察非谓语。依据句意及句子构造可知，此处表达的是目的，作目的状

12、语，应用不定式形式，应选D。9.2023湖南郴州Many university graduates go to work in the countrysidevillagers live a better life.Ato helpBhelpingChelp【答案】A【详解】句意：很多大学毕业生到农村去工作，为了帮助村民过上更好的生活。考察非谓语动词。to help 动词不定式；helping 动名词形式；help 动词原形。依据句意可知，空处在句中是作目的状语，应用动词不定式来表达，其构成形式为：to do。应选A。10.2023江苏泰州More and more teenagers hav

13、e poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actionsthe situation from getting worse.AstopBstoppingCstoppedDto stop【答案】D【详解】句意：越来越多的青少年视力很差，因此父母和教师们应当实行行动来阻挡状况变得更差。考察动词不定式。stop 动词原形；stopping 动名词；stopped 动词的过去式；to stop 动词不定式。此处表达“实行行动做某事”用动词短语take actions to do,此处用动词不定式to stop。应选D。11.2023四川达州

14、Our government tries to do everything they canpeople live a better life.Ato helpBhelpChelpingDhelped【答案】A【详解】句意：我们的政府试着尽力帮助人们过上更好的生活。考察非谓语动词。A. to help 动词不定式；B. help 动词原形；C. helping 动名词或现在分词；D. helped 过去式或过去分词。依据句子构造可知，Our government tries to do everything (they can) people live a better life 中 they

15、 can 做后置定语修饰everything，不影响空格处动词help 的形式，故空格处应填入动词不定式作目的状语，应选A。12.2023福建石狮一模Dont worry. I will do what I canyou.Thanks a lot.Youre so kind.AprotectBto protectCprotecting【答案】B【详解】句意：不要担忧，我会尽我所能保护你。格外感谢你，你真好。考察非谓语。protect 保护，原形；to protect 去保护，不定式；protecting 保护，现在分词。本句主谓宾构造完整，后面需要用不定式在句中做目的状语，do what on

16、e can to do sth.为了做尽某人所能。应选 B。1.4 be+adj+to do sth常见的“be+adj+to do sth”构造：be eager to do sth 急于做.，渴望做.be glad to do sth 愉快做. be willing to do sth 乐于做be easy to do sth 易于做.be ready to do sth 预备做.be sorry to do sth 圆满内疚做.【比照】：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事13.2023湖南长沙We are gladthat traditional Chinese medici

17、ne can work wonders inpreventing some diseases.AknowBto knowCknowing【答案】B【详解】句意：我们很愉快地知道，中医在预防某些疾病方面可以发挥奇效。考察非谓语动词。know 知道。know 动词原形；to know 动词不定式；knowing 动名词或动词的现在分词。结合选项可知句子是说“很愉快知道”，作表语的形容词 glad 后接动词不定式作缘由状语。应选B。14.2023江苏南通The community worker is patient enoughto the old how to use Health Code(码)

18、.AexplainBexplainsCto explainDexplaining【答案】C【详解】句意：社区工作人员有足够的急躁向老人讲解安康码的使用方法。考察非谓语动词。固定搭配：be+形容词+enough to do sth“足够做某事”，动词不定式作结果状语，应选C。1.5 不定式做宾语补足语to do 做宾语补足语，常见的句型有：ask(请) / tell(照看) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / invite(邀请) / warn(警告) /encourage鼓舞/teach教/allow允许/expect期盼/advise建议等+sb

19、 to do sth.例句：Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭)I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母)15.2023吉林长春My friend advises mecomedies to relax myself. AwatchBto watchCwatchingDwatched【答案】B【详解】句意：我的朋友建议我看喜剧来放松自己。考察动词不定式。表达“建议某人做某事”用动词短语“advise sb. to do sth.”，此处用动词不定式 to watch。应选B

20、。16.2023湖南怀化The government asks peoplethe rubbish from their daily life in different groups.Ato putBputtingCput【答案】A【详解】句意：政府要求人们对日常生活中的垃圾进展分类。考察非谓语动词。put 放，是一个动词。由句子构造可知，该句谓语动词为“ask”，常用于句型 ask sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，应选 A。17.2023天津When I was young, my parents taught meolder people kindly. AtreatsBto

21、 treatCtreatedDtreat【答案】B【详解】句意：当我小的时候，我的父母教我要善待老年人。考察动词不定式。treats 第三人称单数；to treat 动词不定式；treated 过去式或过去分词；treat 动词原形。teach sb to do sth.“教某人做某事”，固定搭配，应选 B。18.2023山东济南The teacher tells the studentshands often in public places. AwashBwashesCto washDwashing【答案】C【详解】句意：教师告知学生们要常常在公共场所洗手。考察非谓语动词。此处构成“tel

22、l sb to do sth”短语，意为“告知某人去做某事”，动词不定式作宾补， 应选C。1.6 不定式做定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有规律上的动宾关系，因此，假设不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应当加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition例句：Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have

23、something to say?你有什么要说的吗？19.2023内蒙古包头市其次十九中学三模People who suffered from the heavy storm had no rooms Ato liveBto live inClive inDto live on【答案】B【详解】句意：患病暴风雨的人们没有房间住。考察非谓语动词、动词短语。 live 居住；to live in 居住在，不定式；live into 居住； live on 以为食；依据room 提示可知此处指“居住的房子”，用不定式当定语；不定式与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，假设是不及物动词，则需加介词；live in

24、“居住在”；应选 B。20.2023贵州贵阳Mario and his friends are making some plans in an old peoples home thissummer.AworkBworkingCto work【答案】C【详解】句意：Mario 和他的朋友正在打算这个夏天去老人之家工作。考察不定式用法。此处不定式to work 作定语，修饰plans。应选C。1.7 省略 to 的不定式使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(lo

25、ok at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to 则要加上。例句：Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴)例句：My best friend always makes me laugh.我最好的朋友总是让我笑21.2023上海宝山一模Emilys mother felt it necessary to let her daughterher own decisionthis time.Ato makeBmakesCmakeDmaking【答案】C【详解】句意：艾米丽的妈妈感觉到这次让他的

26、女儿自己做她的打算是必要的。考察动词的形式。to make 动词不定式；makes 动词的第三人称单数形式；make 动词原形；making现在分词和动名词。依据 let“让”可知，用 let sb do 构造，应选C。22.2023上海普陀二模The kind doctor usually tells jokes to make his patientsbetter. AfeelBfeltCto feelDfeeling【答案】A【详解】句意：那位好心的医生通常讲笑话让病人感觉好些。考察动词不定式作补语。make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，让某人做某事，固定短语，make 是使役动

27、词，后面跟不带 to 的不定式。应选A。1.8 不定式的否认构造动词不定式的否认形式是not to do，常用的有decide/try not to do sth,tell/ask/warn/encourage sb not to sth 等。例句：Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们教师要求我们不要单独一人在河里游泳。I decide not to go shopping tomorrow.我打算明天不去购物了。23. We advise parentstheir children at home alone in o

28、rder to keep them away from danger.Anot leaveBnot to leaveCleaveDto leave【答案】B【详解】试题分析：句意：为了做孩子远离危急，我们建议家长不要把孩子们单独留在家里。建议某人做某事：advise sb. to do sth；建议某人不要做某事：advise sb. not to do sth。应选 B。考点：考察非谓语动词。24. Our teacher often asks ustime.Anot wasteBdont wasteCnot to wasteDdoesnt waste【答案】C【详解】句意：我们教师叫我们不

29、要铺张时间。考察固定搭配。叫某人不要做某事：ask sb. not to do sth，即动词不定式的否认式，在不定式符号to前加 not，即not to do sth。应选C。25.2023湖北鄂州What did the teacher say just now?He told usin the river. AswimBswimmingCnot to swimDnot swim【答案】C【详解】句意：教师刚刚说了什么？他告知我们不要在河里游泳。考察非谓语动词。固定搭配：tell sb (not) to do sth“告知某人不要做某事”，应选 C。26.2023广西崇左市江州区教研室三模

30、Her mother warns herloudly in public, for its impolite.Ato speakBspeakingCnot speakDnot to speak【答案】D【详解】句意：她妈妈警告她不要在公共场合大声说话，由于这是不礼貌的。考察非谓语。依据“for its impolite” 可知，公共场合大声说话不礼貌；结合固定搭配警告某人不要做某事“warn sb. not to do sth.”可知，警告她不要大声说话“warn her not to speak”。应选 D。考向二 动名词2.1 动名词做主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型构

31、造有：It is no usegood+v.ing.例句：Planting more trees is helpful to protect the Earth and make it more beautiful.It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。27. 2023云南五华一模 trees is a long-term project. Let”s take good care of these trees we plantand wait for them to grow up.APlantsBPlantedCPlantDPlanting【答案】D【详解

32、】句意：植树是一项长期工程。让我们好好照看这些我们种的树，等待它们长大。考察动词非谓语。Plants 名词复数；Planted 过去式或过去分词；Plant 动词原形；Planting 动名词/ 现在分词。依据题干可知，本句主语是“plant trees”，因此要用 plant 的动名词形式，应选D。28.2023云南模拟推想Dear friends,your best and relaxing yourselves are two helpful ways to get a high grade in this exam. Wish you success.AtryBtryingCto tr

33、yDtries【答案】B【详解】句意：亲爱的朋友们，尽你最大的努力和放松自己是在这次考试中取得高分的两个有用的方法。祝你们成功。考察非谓语动词。try 动词原形；trying 动名词；to try 动词不定式；tries 单三式。and 连接并列主语， 形式应保持全都；依据空后“relaxing”的形式可知，空处应用 trying，是动名词作主语。应选B。2.2 动名词做宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succ

34、eed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy等+doing sth.例句：No matter what happened, I wont give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想29.2023四川达州 Ms. Griffin, what should we dostupid mistakes in the coming exams? Be more careful.Aavoid makeBavoiding makingCavoid makingDto avoid maki

35、ng【答案】D【详解】句意：格里芬女士，我们该怎么做才能避开在马上到来的考试中犯愚蠢的错误呢？留神点。考察非谓语。此处表达的是“为了避开犯愚蠢的错误”，应用不定式作目的状语，且此处是 avoid doingsth“避开做某事”，应选 D。30.2023云南曲靖二模 The movie Hi, Mom, which was directed by Jia Ling, is well worth . Really? Then I will book two tickets for the movie online right away. AseeBto seeCseenDseeing【答案】D【详

36、解】句意：贾玲导演的电影你好，李焕英很值得一看。 真的吗？那我就马上在网上预定两张电影票。考察非谓语动词。be worth doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，D 选项符合句子构造，应选D。31.2023海南Frank and his friends had great funvolleyball on the beach yesterday. AplayBplayingCto play【答案】B【详解】句意：弗兰克和他的朋友昨天在沙滩上打排球玩得很愉快。考察非谓语动词。play 玩，动词原形；playing 动词的ing 形式；to play 动词不定式。句中 have gr

37、eat fun doing sth 做某事玩得很愉快，其后应接动词的ing 形式playing。应选 B。32.ago.2023四川乐山The singer was often seen to practice songs near the woods three yearsAsingBsingingCto sing【答案】B【详解】句意：三年前这个歌手常常被看到在树林四周练习唱歌。考察动名词。sing 动词原形；singing 动名词；to sing 动词不定式。此处表达“练习做某事”用 practice doing,此处用动名词singing 作宾语。应选B。33.2023上海松江二模Ou

38、r monitor suggestedan outing after the mid-term exam. AorganizeBto organizeCorganizedDorganizing【答案】D【详解】句意：我们班长建议在期中考试后组织一次郊游。考察动名词作宾语。观看句子构造可知，此题考察suggest doing“建议做某事”，应选D。2.3 介词后用动名词1.介词后消灭动词，用变形为动名词，最常见的by doing sth.例句：We can overcome all the difficulties by working together.2.【易错】to 后跟动名词句型：be

39、used to doing sth 习惯于做某事look forward to doing sth 期盼做某事pay attention to doing sth 留意做某事prefer doing sth. to doing sth.更宠爱做某事stick to(doing)sth.坚持做某事34.2023甘肃天水We can overcome all the difficulies bytogether.AworkBworksCworkingDworked【答案】C【详解】句意：我们可以通过合作抑制全部困难。考察非谓语。work 工作，动词原形；works 工作，动词三单；working

40、工作，现在分词或者动名词形式；worked 工作，过去式或者过去分词；依据句意理解可知，空格前面是介词by，所以后面应当用 ing 形式，作介词的宾语，应选C。35.2023山东临沂Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun fromdirectly in your eyes. AshineBshiningCto shine【答案】B【详解】句意：记得戴太阳镜，以免阳光直射眼睛。考察非谓语动词。短语stop sb/sth from doing 阻挡做某事.from 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，应选 B。36.2023广西百色I used toat hal

41、f past six, but now I am getting used toat seven. Agetting up, get upBget up, getting upCgot up, getting upDgot up, get up【答案】B【详解】句意：我过去常常六点半起床，但现在我正在习惯七点钟起床。考察非谓语动词。used to do sth 过去常常做某事；get used to doing sth 习惯做某事。依据“but now” 可知，前一句是描述过去常做的事情，第一空应填get up。其次句是描述现在习惯做的事情，其次空应填getting up，应选B。37.202

42、3云南Wang Lei is looking forward tothe best high school in September. ArefusingBplayingCreadingDentering【答案】D【详解】句意：王磊期盼着 9 月份进入最好的高中。考察非谓语动词。A. refusing 拒绝；B. playing 玩耍；C. reading 阅读；D. entering 进入。依据句意可知，王磊期盼着 9 月份进入最好的高中。D 选项符合句意，且位于look forward to doing 构造中， 应选D。38.2023四川西昌一模How about going shopp

43、ing this Saturday, Tina?I prefer at home toout for shopping.Astaying; goBstaying; goingCstay; goDstay; going【答案】B【详解】句意：蒂娜，这个星期六去购物怎么样？我宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去购物。考察动词形式。stay 是动词，意为“待”；go 是动词，意为“走”。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.意为“宁愿做某事也不情愿某事”，应选B。2.4 动名词与不定式做宾语后面既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，易混淆的动词,常考的有：1.forget doing/to do s

44、th 2.remember doing/to do sth 3.stop doing/to do sth例句：He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)记关过灯.)(关了)He forgot turning off the light.(他忘Lets stop to have a rest.让我停下来去休息停下当前的事情去休息rest.让我们停顿休息停顿休息去做其他事情Lets stop having a39.2023四川内江Don”t forgetoff the lights when you leave the classroom.OK.I”

45、ll do that.AturnBturnsCturningDto turn【答案】D【详解】句意：离开教室时别忘了关灯。好的，我会关灯的。考察非谓语动词。依据题干中“when you leave the classroom”可知是提示离开前别忘了去关灯，用forget to do sth.表示“遗忘去做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语。应选D。40. 2023四川攀枝花The doctor warns Jack stop because it is bad for hishealth.Ato; smokingBnot; to smokeCto; to smokeDnot to; smoking【答案】A【详解】句意：医生告诫杰克要戒烟，由于这对他的安康有害。考察非谓语动词。smoking 动名词；to smoke 动词不定式。第一空是固定用法warn sb. to do sth.，意为“告诫某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，依据语境，可知是“要戒烟”，排解 BD；其次空依据固定搭配stop doing