2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案.docx
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1、考试真题资料word版2023年最新整理2022 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the
2、term plant neurobiology was 1 around the notion that some aspects of plan behavior could be 2 to intelligence in animals. 3 plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that 4 consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an
3、 idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it 5 so greatly from that of animals that so-called 6 of plants intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have 7 that plants possess neuron-like cells that inte
4、ract with hormones and neurotransmitters, 8 a plant nervous system, 9 to that in animals, said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, They 10 claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.This 11 makes sense if yon simplify the workings of a complex brain, 12 it to an array of elec
5、trical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. 13 , the signaling in a plantis only 14 similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than a mass of cells that communicate by electricity. Taiz said.For consciousness to evolve, a brain with a threshold 15
6、of complexity and capacity is required, he 16 . Since plants dont have nervous systems, the 17 that they have consciousness are effectively zero.And whats so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants cant run away from 18 , so investing energy in a body system which 19 a threat and can feel pain wou
7、ld be a very 20 evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1. A coined B discovered C collected D issued2. A attributed B directed C compared D confined3. A Unless B When C Once D Though4. A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to5. A suffers B benefits C develops D differs6. A acce
8、ptance B evidence C cultivation D creation7. A doubted B denied C argued D requested8. A adapting B forming C repairing D testing9. A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive10. A just B ever C still D even11. A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand12. A attaching B reducing C returnin
9、g D exposing13. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise AtemporarilyBliterallyCsuperficiallyDimaginarily A list B level C label Dlocal ArecalledBagreedCquestionedDadded AchancesBrisksCexcusesDassumptions AdangerBfailureCwarningDcontrol ArepresentsBincludesCrevealsDrecognizes AhumbleBpoorCpracti
10、calDeasySection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other t
11、rash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and fizzle. They weep out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such
12、 as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation sills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic
13、 art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. Its like baking a cake: If you dont have exact amounts, it goes wrong. she says. The object you
14、make is already a time bomb.And sometimes, its not the artists fault. In the 1960s, the Italianartist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen nature carpetslarge rectangles decorated with
15、 foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.Its especially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardis pumpkins, roses, and other figure
16、s were silting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals sunscreens because their goal was to prevent further li
17、ght damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens, preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegrad
18、able plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages
19、of human historyStone Age, Iron Age, and so onafter examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve. will have a strong impact on how in the future well be seen.21. According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced
20、 with difficulties in .A maintaining their plastic itemsB obtaining durable plastic artifactsC handling outdated plastic exhibitsD classifying their plastic collections22. Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are .A immune to decayB improperly shapedC inherently flawedD complex in struct
21、ure23. Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardis artworks to .A keep them from hurting visitorsB duplicate them for future displayC have their ingredients analyzedD prevent them from further damage24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is .A costlyB unworthyC unpopularD challenging25.
22、 In Frreiras opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts .A will inspire future scientific researchB has profound historical significanceC will help us separate the material agesD has an impact on todays cultural lifeText2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and wei
23、gh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set
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