反力式滚筒制动检验台可升降装置的研究_徐灯福.docx
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1、分类号: 研究生学号: 2U丨 2442055 单位代码: 1(丨 1S3 密 级:公 J _ 吉林大学 硕士学位论文 (学术学位) 反力式滚筒制动检验台可升降装置的研究 Research on the Elevator of Roller Opposite Force Type Brake Testers 作者姓名:徐灯福 专 业:载运工具运用工程 研究方向:车辆智能化检测与诊断 指导教师:潘洪达研究员 培养单位:交通学院 2015年 6 月 未经本论文作者的书面授权,依法收存和保管本论文 书面版本、电子版本的任何单位和个人,均不得对本论文 的全部或部分内容进行任何形式的复制、修改、发行、出
2、 租、改编等有碍作者著作权的商业性使用 (但纯学术性使用 不在此限 )。否则,应承担侵权的法律责任。 吉林大学博士 (或硕士 )学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交学位论文,是本人在指导教师的指导 下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内 容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作 品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中 以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名 : 日 期 : 一 年 / 月及日 反力式滚筒制动检验台可升降装置的研究 Research on the elevator of Roller O
3、pposite Force Type Brake Testers 作者姓名:徐灯福 专业名称:载运工具运用工程 指导教师:潘洪达研究员 学位类别:工学硕士 答辩日期: 2015年 6月 6日 反力式滚筒制动检验台可升降装置的研究 汽车的制动性是汽车的主要性能之一,直接关系到行车安全,是汽车安检及 综检必检项目之一。随着道路质量的提高和高速公路的发展,行车速度不断加快, 因此对汽车制动性能的要求也不断升高。目前机动车 检测机构广泛应用反力式滚 筒制动检验台进行汽车制动性能的检测。 我国在制动力检验台研究方面取得了一定的进展,检测技术趋于成熟,但目 前广泛采用的依旧是固定滚筒轴距,固定滚筒直径,固
4、定安装高度的滚筒制动检 验台。车辆进行制动性能检测时,由于车轮直径不同,造成在检测过程中致使部 分车轮状态很难处于水平状态,因此导致其轴荷相对水平状态发生改变,改变出 现两种情况:对于两轴车会出现大于或小于水平状态时的轴荷,该轴荷的改变直 接涉及制动性能评价结果;而对于多轴车辆检测时,由于并装轴的非测试车轮在 地面上,加之悬架联接 关系及其联接件作用,容易出现被测试车轮被架空趋势, 使被测试轮不能处于地面状态的重量压实在滚筒上,附着重量减小,即使车辆制 动性能很好,由于附着重量减小使制动台所检测最大制动力减小,与地面轴重台 上所测得重量比值(制动率)难以达标,致使该轮无法准确检测其制动能力。安
5、 装时可调制动台高度,但无论如何都不能使其对不同车型车辆检测时各车轮在一 个水平面。 本文针对上述问题对其检测过程及所需条件进行了分析,在原有反力式滚筒 制动台基础上增加了可升降装置,使制动台能够在系统控制下自由升降,达到能 够准确检测目的。为此 本文主要进行如下方面的研究: 1. 分别对两轴及多轴车车辆台架制动性能检测进行机理分析。通过建立数 学模型,分析了两轴车及多轴车在滚筒制动台上检测过程中,影响车辆轴荷变化 的因素以及各轴荷在台架上的变化规律与其相对地面高度关系,并分别分析两轴 车与多轴车的被测试轴轴荷相对地面轴荷时的变化原因,探寻两轴车与多轴车在 测试时,能够保证测试轴的轴荷与其在地
6、面时的轴荷相等的解决方法,为确定解 决方案奠定基础。 2. 在对多轴车并装轴台架制动性能检测进行机理分析的基础上,进行反力 式滚筒制动试验台举升高度分析,确定了台架举升高度范围。根据举升高度设计 了垂直升降和沿斜面升降两套举升方案,并从举升的同步性、举升过程的平稳性、 举升后的稳定性和举升装置的成本等方面进行对比分析,通过对比两个方案优缺 点确立了本论文应用的最终方案。 3. 根据本文所选方案,进行可升降装置的具体设计。主要包括机械结构设 计和液压系统设计。机械结构设计包括升降装置框架设计、滑动轨道结构设计、 液压缸与升降机械支撑结构设计等。在液压系统的设计中,确定了液压系统的组 成及相关参
7、数,选取了符合要求的液压缸,并介绍了液压系统工作原理及控制原 理。为保证可升降装置的强度是否满足设计要求,分别对其应力、位移、应变进 行仿真分析。以此验证所设计装置的可靠性。 4. 设计计算机控制系统,包括硬件及软件系统,实现对可升降滚筒制动检 验台的智能化控制。硬件设计中,确定了系统控制过程及系统控制原理图。同时 对相关硬件进行选型。系统软件设计中,阐述了软件系统所包含六大模块功能, 并且编写了软件控制系统流程图。能够保证制动台在液压系统控制下自由升降, 达到准确检测车辆制动性能的要求。实现了反力式滚筒制动台可 升降控制功能。 关键词: 多轴车辆,制动性能,液压控制,测试能力,升降装置 AB
8、STRACT Research on the elevator of Roller Opposite Force Type Brake Testers Automobile braking performance is one of the main characteristics of the vehicle, which is one of the security vehicles and mechanized inspection project and directly related to traffic safety. With the development and impro
9、vement of road quality and the high way and the increasing of vehicle speed, the vehicle braking performance requirements are also rising. Currently anti-force roller brake tester is widely used in motor vehicle testing agency for testing vehicle braking performance. At present, China has made some
10、progress in the area researching brake performance, and test technology is being maturely. But until now, what is still widely used is the fixed roller wheelbases, the fixed cylinder diameters and the fixed installation height of Roller Opposite Force Type Brake Testers. When doing the vehicle brake
11、 performance test, we find that some parts of the wheel state is difficult to keep in a horizontal state because of the difference of the wheels diameters, which lead to its axle load relative levels of status changes. There are two situations about the changes. It is greater or less than the level
12、of axle load state for two-axle vehicle. Finally it will directly affect the brake performance evaluation results. When testing the multi-axis vehicle, due to the non-tested vehicle wheels being on the ground and the connecting relationship and interaction of the connectors between the wheel axles,
13、prone to be tested wheel sidelined trend so that the tested wheel cannot be pressed completely on the cylinder and the attached weight is reducing. Even if some vehicles have a good brake performance, the maximum brake performance will be reduced because of the reduction of attached weight, which re
14、sult in the stage floor axle weight measured by the ratio of (brake rate) difficult to compliance and the wheel can not accurately detect the braking capacity. Adjust the height of the brake tester during installation, but in any case it cannot make different vehicles wheels keep in a horizontal pla
15、ne. To solve these problems, this paper has done somI two-axle and multi-axis vehicles, and explore the solution that can ensure axle load test shaft and its axle load on the ground is equal during the test, which determined to lay the groundwork for solutions. 2. On the basis of multi-axis and the
16、axis gantry mounted brake performance testing mechanism analysis, analyze the lifting height of Anti-force Rolling Brake Testing Platform, and then determine the carriage lifting height range. According to lift height, design two lifting program which are vertical lift height and along ramps lift. C
17、omparatively analyze the synchronization from lifting, stationary lifting process, the cost after lifting stability and lifting apparatus aspect. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two programs, determine the final program. 3. According to the scheme this article selected, design t
18、he lift device specifically. Include the mechanical design and hydraulic system design. The mechanical design includes a lifting device frame design, the sliding track structure, hydraulic cylinder and lifting machinery support structure design. In the design of the hydraulic system, determine the c
19、omposition and related parameters of the hydraulic system, select the hydraulic cylinder to meet the requirements and describe the working principle of hydraulic systems and control theory. To ensure the strength of the lift device meets the design requirements, respectively, simulate the stress, di
20、splacement, and strain which also can verify the reliability of the design of the device. 4. Design the computer control system, including hardware and the software system, to realize the intelligent control of the Roller Opposite Force Type Brake Testers. In the Hardware designs, determine the syst
21、em control process and draw the system control schematics, and select the models of some relative hardware. And the design of system software contains about six modules and some control systems flow charts of the control process. To ensure the brake tester can be free lift under the system control a
22、nd detect the vehicle braking performance accurately, the paper achieve a reaction drum brake control station lift. 目录 第 1 章绪论 . 1 1.1汽车制动性能检测方法及要求 . 1 1.2台式制动性能检测技术国内外研究现状 . 2 1.3本论文研究的意义及目的 . 4 1.4 论文研究主要内容 . 5 第 2章车辆台架制动性能检测机理分析 . 7 2.1汽车制动性能及其评价指标 . 7 2.2反力式滚筒制动检验台的结构及工作原理 . 8 2.3检验台上车辆制动性能检测力学分
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- 反力式 滚筒 制动 检验 升降 装置 研究 徐灯福
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