2023年成人高考-专升本英语-非谓语动词.docx

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1、非谓语动词的用法一、知识点回顾非谓语动词包括不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词。在句子中可担任除 谓语外所有其他成分。（一）动词不定式动词不定式的用法：1 .作主语。不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。To help others is my duty.一It is my duty to help others.帮助别人是我的职责。2 .作表语。Her job at that time was to look after the sick boy.她当时的任务就是看护这个生病的男孩。3 .作宾语。常用在下列动词后面:want, need, hope, wish,

2、expect, intend, plan, mean, prefer, hate, like, try, manage, remember, forget, begin, start, agree, refuse, learn o在 teach, know,show等词后则多接疑问词加不定式。He has agreed to help me with my English.他答应帮我学习英语。4 .作宾语补足语或主语补足语。常接不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语的动词有 ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, force, get, help, permit, order,

3、 want, wish, tell 等/旦 hope, suggest,agree和demand不接不定式作宾语补足语。5 .作定语。I had no chance to go to school at that time.我当时没有机会上学。6 .作状语。（1）作目的状语:to do, in order to do, so as to do（不能用于句首）。They all rushed out to have a look at the film star.他们都跑出去看电影明星。(2)作原因状语。We were all relieved to see them back safe.看到他

4、们安全返回,我们都松了一 口气。(3)作结果状语:only to see/find/be told, tooto(表否定)。He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，发现火车已经开走。(二)动名词动名词的用法：1 .作主语。(1)动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。Reciting is necessary in learning a language.在学习一门语言时，背诵是必需的。(2)动名词作主语表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况，而不定式更倾向某一次特定的、 具体的动作。Walking is a goo

5、d form of exercise for both the young and the old.步行对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种很好的运动方式。(3)为了避免“头重脚轻”，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的动名词主语后置。Ifs crazy talking to the manager that way,那样对经理说话真是发疯了。2 .作表语。动名词作表语主要表示主语的具体内容，基本上可以把主语与表语倒过来理解。 如果表示与动名词主语等同或类似情况，表语通常用动名词。My favorite sport is playing basketball.我最喜欢的运动是打篮球。3 .作定语。动名词作

6、定语时，如果是单个动名词通常置于被修饰名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或性能。a swimming pool 游泳池（三）现在分词1 .现在分词作定语现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。现在分词 作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词短语位于它所修饰的词的后面。DorTt wake up the sleeping children.不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。注意：（1）现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系。现在分词有进行意味和主动 意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的，或是正 在发生的动作。There were no soldiers dril

7、ling.=There were no soldiers who were drilling.没有士兵在 操练。（2）现在分词的完成时态（having+动词过去分词）表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作发 生，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语。如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行 意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态（being+动词过去分词）。Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?你认识正在被我们老师处罚的那个男孩吗？2 .现在分词作状语现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，用来表示动作 发生的时间、原因、

8、结果、条件、让步或伴随情况等。Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.爬上山顶后我们看到了 一幅美丽的景象。3 .现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词主要用于以下两类动词后构成宾语补足语：（1）表示感觉和状态的动词，如 see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice 等。He felt his heart beating faster,他感到他的心跳在加快。(2)表示指使”意义的动词，如 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave 等。Im sorry to ha

9、ve kept you waiting long.对不起，让你久等了。(四)过去分词1 .过去分词作定语(1)过去分词作定语表“完成”或“被动”。the risen sun(=the sun that has just risen)已升起的太阳(2)单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语 的后面。Be careful of the broken glass(the glass broken).小心碎玻璃。(3)过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词短语放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一 个定语从句。Whats the language spoken(=that is sp

10、oken) in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言？2 .过去分词作表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。3 .过去分词作状语作状语用的过去分词一般位于句首或句末，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随(方式) 等。过去分词前可加 when(while), once, if, even if, unless, though 等连词。He will come if asked.若受到邀请，他会来的。4 .过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词可以用作宾语补足

11、语，能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词, 表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有 逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。二、习题练习1 .Tony lent me the money,that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped2. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy anything thathappened to be on.A. to watch

12、B. watching C. watched D. to have watched3. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked4. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.A. askingB. askedC.

13、having asked D. to be asked5. to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked6. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision at the meeting willinfluence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD.having

14、been made7. The party will be held in the garden, weather LA. permittingB. to permitC. permitted D. permit8. Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music andpainting.A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to9. One learns a language by making mista

15、kes and them.A. correctsB. correctC. to correctD. correcting10. with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use11. at the door before you enter my room, please.A. KnockB. Knocking C. KnockedD. To knock12. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island

16、 to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attacking C. being attacked D. havingbeen attacked13. Pressed from his parents, and that he has wasted too much time, the boy isdetermined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. beingrealized1 4.in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. StandingB. To standC. StoodD. Stand15 . If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but an even greater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet 1-5 AABBA 6-10 AADDC 11-15 ACAAD