初中英语阅读理解题型.docx

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1、初中英语阅读理解题型阅读理解是中考的必考题型，是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见, 所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给我们提供信息或暗 示文章中的一些重要细节。阅读能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一个过程，应该持之以恒，进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践，提高阅读能力。阅读理解题型通常可 以分为四种：细节理解、词义（组）猜测、推理判断、主旨（段落） 大意及标题归纳，下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型。-细节理解题常见设题方式：How many/How much/What/Who/When/Where/How.?What does the wr

2、iter think of.?Which of the following statements is true/false?Which of the following is/isn t mentioned?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?题型特点：细节题占阅读理解的比例很大，阅读时要特别注意以 下几点1 .阅读时，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切 忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。2 .文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是 文章中表层出现的数字或日期，

3、通常需要做简单的计算。解题方法：1.跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how提问的问题,可以从文章中直接找到答案。 做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准 确率，节省宝贵的时间，另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，要特别注意 试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。中考中很少有直接用原文中的What can be the best title for the passage?What is the best title of the passage?Which of the following would

4、be the best title for the passage?解题技巧：1 .看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关 键字眼，把握主旨。2 .通过分析篇章结构找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同 点，找出整个文章的主题句。3 .标题归纳题型也属于主旨大意题，文章的标题具有概括性的特 点，故所选的标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容， 体现文章的主题，切忌所选标题以偏概全。4 .这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做。例题 1 : WhaV s the best title of the passage?A. How to Help OthersB. Do

5、n1 t Throw Old Things AwayC. An Expensive GiftD. A Homeless Old Man例题 2 : The passage mainly shows that Myers and his students.A. did something to protect rain forestB. wanted to buy the rain forestC. were interested in the cultureD. went to the rain forest for fun阅读理解在哪里快速找答案？1 .首段和尾段一篇文章的主题句、中心思想往

6、往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。 许多文章开门见山地在第一段就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观 点，而文章的最后一段一般也会对全文的说明和论证进行总结。策略：通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些 总结性句子，如：all in all, in short, to conclude, in summary, in a word, as a result,主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考 且几乎是必考的一个考点。2 .长难句长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了插入语、定语、 不定式、分词、各种从句等，有的句子甚至长达好几行。这些复杂的 句型也往往成为了出题的重点

7、所在。策略：加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时有意识地去分解这 些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。3冽举处标志性的词汇包括：First, Second, Third. ; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly. Finally; First of all, Then, In addition, Further; Furthermore, Besides, Moreover.策略：把这些词圈起来，考题中一般会出现四个选项对比，这样 非常好在文章中找。4 .举例处例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联，具有重大的意义， 因此也成为了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显

8、， 一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, take . as an example, as, such as, like 等。策略：一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的 作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源地往前读，才能 保证所选答案的正确率。5 .因果关系处表示因果关系的句子是中考英语命题者所青睐的出题来源，因为 因果句阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，出题者为了考查考 生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系的句子倒过来 考，因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因，考生需要注意辨别实际的 因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：becau

9、se, because of, so, for, since, as,as a result; result from, result in, cause, lead to, base, reason, result 等。6 .转折、对比、类比处 文章的转折也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，一些明显的转折词包括：but, however, on the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually 等。策略：转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其 中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，最好能作上标志以方 便做题时候的

10、查找。特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事 物，这个地方往往会成为考题的命题重点。7 .特殊词汇处中考英语阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解， 这些特殊词汇包括了平时不经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常 用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等。策略：解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文，从而推断中其意思。8 .数字和年代中考阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查，看似容易， 但是考生经常由于疏忽大意而失掉这些最容易的分数。其中要注意以下几点原则：如果出现需要进行运算的题目，一般来说文章的原始数据不是 正确答案；如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分

11、相符合，那么要注意这些数字和时间所对应的不同问题，只选择与题 目相关的那个数据；要注意年份和世纪之间的差别，比如1999年 就是20世纪，2009年就是21世纪，也就是说世纪的数字是年份的 前两个数字加lo9 .专有名词所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品 的名称以及其他专有名词。在阅读文章的过程中，每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记，以 便如果在题目中出现相应专有名词可以进行快速定位。10 .最高级词汇最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性, 因而不容易产生歧义，所以也经常成为出题对象。这些词语包括形容 词和副词的最高级,以及以下词汇：only, simp

12、ly, just, always, forever, never, none, must, all, any (anyone, anybody, anywhere)等。11 .引用处说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观 点。引文有可能是从正面来支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳 斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷 惑性，所以也是出题考查的热点地区，通常会考查考生的推理能力和 对作者态度观点的判断能力。12 .段首和段尾无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次 进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者

13、层次。英美人写 文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和 尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及 的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。在进行快速阅读 的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇 文章的中心思想和主旨。13 .特殊标点符号有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对 以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：冒号、括号、破折号以及引号。逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都 起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。冒号：冒号后面的内容通常都是用来解释说明前面的内容，例如 前面是抽象的概念后面就是对

14、这个概念的具体说明。括号：括号中间的内容通常用来解释或补充说明括号前面的内容。破折号：两个破折号之间的内容、或者一个破折号后面的内容， 通常表示解释说明或者补充说明。引号：表示引用他人的观点，一般用来从正面或者反面支持作者 的观点。相关的考题一般都是关于文章细节的问题。需要注意的是考题在考查标点符号用法是往往不会明确说明，需要考生自己去判断并根据 具体情况分析标点符号的用法。正确答案的20个特征1.体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的多是答案2.原句重复出现，200% 错。正确的都是有改动的，即同义替换。3.含义不肯定的大多是答案， 如：can, could, may, usually, might

15、, most, more or less,含义绝又寸的大多不是答案：must,always, never, the most, all ,any ,none4.具体的不是答案，概括性的、抽象的大多是答案5.带有some的大多是 答案:someone, somebody ,sometime ,something certain6.简单 的大多不是答案，复杂的是答案，字面意思不是答案，含义深刻的大 多是答案7.带虚词的大多是答案：another, other, more, either, both, also, beside, additional, extra, different, same,

16、 particular, nearly, not enoughs.变化大多是答案:change, delay, improve, postpone, increase9.重要的、基础的“大多是答案：important, necessary, essential, basis, be based onlO.文章是按顺序出题的。 你要觉得不是，就是你做错了。11.用文章里举例的句子来作为选项， 直接排除。200%错。（要有能辨别这个选项是不是文章中例子的能力）。12.某某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。尤其是在段落的后半部分。很有可能就是某个问题的同意替换。即题眼。13.每段的 第一句很

17、重要。尤其总分结构的段。有的时候第一句话就是题眼。14.很关键的一条，抓住每段的中心意思，也就是中心句。每段至少一 句，最多2句。15.若文章首段以why为开头的，这里若设题的话, 选项里有because的，往往就是正确选项。不过这种类型的题，很少见了。16.正确选项都是原文中的个别几个词的同义替换。阅读理解历 年的所有真题，都是同意替换！就看你能不能找得到。17.每一个问题, 在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。 18.在应该出现答案的地方，没有答案。接着往下读。答案可能会在下 一段的开头部分。因为文章都是接着说的。要有连贯性。19.注意几个 词，yet表转折，ha

18、rdly表否定。while有时是比较，有时也表转折。 比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作 者对什么进行了转折。20.选项中出现。nly的，目前还没有对的。练习： AShawneen Mountain is a perfect place for skiing. Lifts (电梯) can help tourists get to the top of the mountain in 3 minutes. The following is the price table of the lift tickets.LIFT TICKETSTouristsWeekdayWe

19、ekendNight(open to close) (open to close) (3 p. m. to 10Adult* (Ages 19 to 60) $48Young Man * (Ages 18& under). $37Child (46cm tall under)& FREECollege StudentCollege ID (证件)$38neededSoldier (Active Duty needed)TD$38Elders*to 69)AgeS 60$38Super 70+)Elders*(AgesFREE$55$41FREE$49$49$49FREEp. m.$34$34F

20、REE$34$34$34FREEMondayFriday:a. m.10p. m.Weekend: 8 a. m. -10 p. m.Christmas Day: Noon -5 p. m.31. If a child of 42cm tall takes the lift with his 18-year- old brother on Thursday morning, they will pay.A. $41 B. $48 C. $37 D. $7432. As a college student, you can buy a lift ticket at a lower price i

21、f you show your.A. college nameB. college IDC. phone numberD. Active Duty ID33. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. It takes 3 hours to get to the top of Shawneen Mountain by lift.B. Tourists can t take the lift at 9: 30 a. m. on Sunday morning .C. A soldier shouldn7 t pay $55

22、 for the ticket at weekends with his Active Duty ID.D. People aged over 70 are also welcome to Shawneen Mountain.BIn 1901, the people of Colorado Springs in the USA decided to collect everyday items and to seal （密圭寸）them in a steel box. The box was marked To be opened after midnight, December 31st,

23、AD 2000, and was stored in the Colorado College library.One hundred years later, on the appointed （约定的）day, 300 people gathered to watch the opening of the box. Many in the crowd were the descendants （后代）of people who put things inside the box.When the box was opened after midnight, the items were s

24、till very good. There were newspapers, photos, diaries, name cards, family trees, books and letters, including one written by Theodore Roosevelt, who became the president of the USA later that year. One of Roosevelfs friends lived in Colorado Springs at that time.Many of the letters were addressed t

25、o their descendants. They describe （描述）the hopes that the people of 1901 had for the people of the next century. At that time, Colorado Springs had just a few thousand people. Now nearly half a million people live there.Colorado College Library has scanned （扫描）the materials and put them on a website

26、. Cecil Muller, whose grandfather put a collection of postcards in the box, said that the time capsule was a great treasure. This is a wonderful educational resource. We can learn so much about our history/ he said. 1 never knew my grandfather, but now I feel very close to him.In April 2001, a group

27、 of people filled the time capsule with items from modern Colorado Springs and resealed it for another hundred years.34. A time capsule1 is .A. a collection of clocks and watchesB. a machine for traveling through timeC. a collection of items for people to look at in the future D. a collection of unw

28、anted items35. Many of the letters in the time capsule talked about A the history of the town B.the people who lived in the townC. the politics of the USA D. peoples hopes for the future36. Cecil Muller says that the time capsule .A. brings back his memories of his grandfather B. is worth a lot of m

29、oneyC. helps him to get to know his grandfatherD. helps him to remember his younger daysCHere is a story: A man sees a butterfly. The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis（蛹）. Feeling sorry for it, the man decides to help. He cuts the chrysalis and the butterfly comes out easily. Surprisingly

30、enough, the butterfly is unable to fly. If the butterfly doesn t struggle （挣扎）to leave the chrysalis, it can t fly! The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly which makes it fly. Similarly, the challenges （挑战）of life bring out the best in young people and make them fly.When people are young,

31、meeting and overcoming （克月员）challenges will make them strong and ready to face life. When we look at successful people, we see that the most successful people have had to struggle. One famous businessman now owns many big supermarkets. He used to carry clothes on his back and sell them from door to

32、door when he was young. Another successful man is Dennis. His father died when he was only twenty. His father7 s death made him grow up fast. He had to bring up a family of nine people. He took up the challenges and overcame them. Today his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.Sometimes

33、 challenges do not appear to us because we keep away from them. So some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges. They might organize some activities for young people which provide them with challenges, like rock-climbing, camping, volunteer work and so on. However, ju

34、st passing exams will not prepare a person for life. We must meet and overcome challenges. The young people of today will become the leaders of tomorrow. For countries to continue to become successful, it is important that the young people learn to meet challenges and overcome them.37. From the stor

35、y we know that the butterfly can t fly because.A. it gets out by itselfB. the man feels sorry for itC. it tries to challenge itselfD. the man helps it come out38.Dennis s example shows that successful people should .A. overcome the difficultiesB. take up business earlyC. become the leaders of tomorr

36、owD. sell clothes from door to door39. What is the writer trying to do in this passage?A. Describe where a butterfly comes from.B. Encourage young people to face challenges.C. Suggest how to become a successful businessman.D. Explain what will happen if a person fails the exam.40. What is the best t

37、itle for this passage?A. Successful People Have a Sense of AchievementB. Young People Must Develop Their Energy ActivelyC. Countries Should Continue to Become SuccessfulD. Challenges of Life Bring Out the Best in Young PeopleDMike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, India

38、na. Last year, he taught his students about the world s rain forests. They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forest give us food, wood and medicine.The destruction of the world7 s rain forests has drawn more and more people s attention. Unluckily, rai

39、n forests are disappearing。肖失）at a rate of 80 acres per minute! As part of a class project, Myers students bought three acres of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 per acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed. The students became so interested

40、in rain forests that they decided to get a closer look at a real rain forest.So last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river. They saw alligators and crocodiles. In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest. “The monkeys were not happ

41、y that we were in their forest. They 句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理,而这种处理主 要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。例:Iceland lies in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest island in Europe. The country has a total area of 103,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 6z600 km. The island is 300 km wid

42、e from north to south, and 500 km across from west to eastl.In Iceland, the distance from north to south is thatfrom west to eastA much longer than B shorter thanC. the same as D. a little longer than2.排除法排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。 这类文章有明显的信息词,如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later,

43、next, second, third, then, finally 等。按照信息词 的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定 首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案 往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核 对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。例题：Chinese team first lands on Antarctic icecap peak （南极冰盖 最iW）点）A 12-man Chinese team landed on the Antarctic icecap peak on January 18. They a

44、re the first people to reach the peak of Dome A （海穹 A）. It is 4,039 meters above sea level （海拔）.The team built a station there to study the changes of the weather, get ice samples （标本）from 150 meters to 200 meters below, and do other studies. So far, the team has got nearly 100- meter long ice sampl

45、es from a place about 300 meters under the icecap peak.broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us/ one of the students said.Each student chose something specific about Costa Rica to study involving the plants, animals, food and culture. During the last few days the group had time to do

46、fun activities. They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica s active volcano（火山）.Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.41. How much did Myers students pay for the rain forest they bought?A. $25 B. $75 C. $80 D. $200042. What did Myers an

47、d his students do at the beginning of the trip?A. They went into the rain forest.B. They bought acres of rain forest.C. They took a boat ride down a river.D. They visited Costa Rica s active volcano.43. The underlined word “destruction“ in paragraph 2 probably means.A.破坏 B.发展 C.描述 D.保护44. When the m

48、onkeys saw Myers and his students, theyA. felt excited B. felt angry C. jumped off the trees D. left the rain forest45. The passage mainly shows that Myers and his studentsA. did something to protect rain forestB. wanted to buy the rain forestC. were interested in the cultureD. went to the rain forest for funIt is the first time that people have been able to get samples from the icecap peak in Antarctica and it is very important for people to study the w