2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语（北京卷）精校版（含答案）.doc

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1、此卷只装订不密封班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英 语本试卷共12页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 单项填空（

2、共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例： Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to sayC. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I

3、just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled

4、D. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, fa

5、mily members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, sim

6、ply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap,

7、 _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must13. They might ha

8、ve found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficul

9、ties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）. But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if y

10、ou were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable.After spotting a _18_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After

11、 hours in the cold and wet, he _20_ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _21_ it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owne

12、r know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were _23_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair w

13、ere later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _25_.Mr. Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and _27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself；h

14、e thought about others _28_. Its unbelievable. It just proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _3

15、2_ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _34_ and all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a pos

16、sible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. d

17、iscover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. jus

18、t28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adven

19、ture C. chance D. challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to

20、 go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I

21、realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready t

22、o prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the

23、 course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I was starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished

24、! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36. Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor _.A. waswelltrained B. feltscaredC. made

25、uphismindtorun D. losthope37. WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A. Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B. Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C. Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D. Toshareapreciousmemory.38. Howwastheauthorsfirstmarathon?A. Hemadeit. B. Hequithalfway.C. Hegotthefirstprize. D

26、. Hewalkedtotheend.39. Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A. Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B. Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C. Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D. Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and

27、Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. Th

28、ey come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explora

29、tion badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating sk

30、ills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the i

31、mportance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details, p

32、lease visit us online at .40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the p

33、rinciples of flightD. build and fire model rockets42. What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership. B. Team spirit.C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.CPlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and

34、 up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which acc

35、ounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers ma

36、de some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms abil

37、ity to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist a

38、t the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the br

39、eakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of wo

40、rms thrown on top of the plastic.43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. ident

41、ify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in fa

42、ctories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot c

43、ars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way fo

44、r companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on

45、 our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers