小升初英语语法基础知识汇总 (2).docx
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1、小升初英语语法基础知识汇总第一部分;基础知识复习资料1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:AEIOU12个单元音:长元音:/:/,/ :/,/ :/, /i:/,/u:/短元音:/ / /e/ /i/ / / / /u/ / /3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识复习资料一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以
2、s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,f
3、ish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格1.有生命的东西的名词所有格:(1) 单数后加 s 如: Lucys ruler my fathers shirt(2)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 如: his friends bags(3)不以s 结尾的复数后加 s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把 s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有;如:Tom and Mikes car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车表示所有物不
4、是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加s.如:Toms and Mikes cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用 of +名词来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(一) 不定冠词:a / an元音读音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an addr
5、ess / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(二)定冠词:the定冠词的用法:1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.2.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.3.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys arent at school.4.在序数词前: Johns
6、birthday is February the second.5.用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.(5)
7、一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus三、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级
8、,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规则: 一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r ; 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以辅音字母+y结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。3.不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
9、2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)四、 数词:基数词,序数词(一)基数词1.1-20one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty2.21-99先说几十,再说几,中间加连字符。23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-sev
10、en,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one3.101999先说几百,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586five hundred and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three4.l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个,第一个,前为thousand.第二个,前为million,第三个,前为billion 1,001one thousand and one18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309six million t
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