北京市东城区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末统一检测英语 Word版含解析.docx

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1、东城区2021-2022学年度高一第二学期期末统一检测英语试卷本试卷共10页，共100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作 答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用（共四节，共40分）第一节（共15分，每小题L5分）请阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选=jFULL HOUSEWalk into the 1 of Anne Belles and her husband, and youll see kids eveiywhere 一 there are 30 boys in this crowded house and

2、 Anne Belles is their mom. Belles has wanted to 2 children since she was a kid. I was touched by a musical based on the Charles Dickens5 novel Oliver Twist （雾都孤儿）. I told my momJThats what I want to do. I want to give protection and care to orphans （孤儿）Annes boys 3 in age from 3 to 25. All of them a

3、re 4 in some way. They each have special needs physically, emotionally, or at school J says Belles. She doesnt focus on what her kids cant do, only on what they can. In an interesting twist, thirteen of her 5 are going to be in a local theaters production of OliveriRaising 30 boys is no 6 task. Ever

4、y day, a small army of childcare workers, nurses, and volunteers comes into help cook, clean, and take care of health needs.The family receives $26,000 a month from the government, and has some 7 from a family business. All the money is spent on the children; having new clothes and fancy cars isnt 8

5、 to Belles.How do the kids feel? Says 17-year-old Anthony, The family is always there whenever I need something.Under all this chaos （杂乱），I feel like I am 9“This was my dream. And everything about what Im doing was everything I wanted to happen in my life/9 says Anne Belles. So, absolutely no 10; th

6、is is perfect. I couldnt ask fbr it to be better maybe abigger house, you know, would be nice.1. A. classroomB. homeC. factoryD. office2. A. educateB. greetC. helpD. manage3. A. rangeB. resultC. increaseD. freeze4. A. warnedB. ignoredC. threatenedD. challenged5 A. volunteersB. workersC. boysD. nurse

7、s6. A. mainB. smallC. joyfulD. familiar推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句 For the first time in my life, 1 actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! Im Tysons little brother, but thats only part of my identity. Tm a cool guy in my own way, too. ”（这是我有生以来第一次确实感到很酷。现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一 部分。以我自己的方式，我也是一个很酷的人。）可

8、知，本文讲述了作者一直以哥哥为榜样，模仿哥哥的 行为，通过参加科学团队的经历，让作者意识到不应该模仿别人，应该做自己，成为自己想成为的人， 由此可推断出，我们可以从这个故事中学到我们应该找到自我，做自己。故选B项。BScientists Crack Monkey BehaviourScientists have observed two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys （长尾猫猴）in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands th

9、ey live on are less than six miles apart.Long-tailed macaques are one of only a few primate species （灵长类物种）known to use stone tools. The macaques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer the shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs. They crack them open and scoop out （挖出）the

10、 flesh to eat.On two neighbouring islands off the coast of Thailand, one group of macaques were seen reusing their tools, called hammer stones, whereas the monkeys on the other island threw their stones away after using them once. A team of scientists from the UK, Germany and Thailand, led by Lydia

11、Luncz from the University of Oxford, studied hammer stones found on Yao Noi island and on nearby Boi Yai island.Distinctive patterns of wear on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools. The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and dee

12、per lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadnt been used much at all. The hammer stones used by each group were so different that the researchers were able to work out which group had used the tool just by looking at it. At first, the researchers thought there might be a shorta

13、ge of stones on Boi Yai, which would explain why one group reused them. However, the team soon found lots of solid stones on both islands.They think that the difference in the behaviour of each group is an example of culture. Culture is the ideas, customs and social behaviour in a group and is a typ

14、ically human quality. It includes shared habits passed down from older to younger animals. The different patterns of behaviour between the two groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments. The

15、use of tools is passed on from monkey to monkey as they learn from each other/9 said Luncz.The researchers hope that this work will be helpful for scientists Studying any early humans and the way they used stone tools.34. What can we know about the macaques from the first two paragraphs?A. They can

16、make use of stones.B. They use different tools to hunt.C. Their favourite food is shellfish.D. Their groups live far from each other.35. What does the underlined word wear in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Damage.B. Dirt.C. Size.D. Decoration.36. According to the passage, researchers may believe that.

17、A. macaques on Boi Yai work harderB. macaques on Yao Noi have more stonesC. macaques have their own traditions in groupsD. macaques learnt some behaviour from humans【答案】34.A35. A 36. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到的两组长尾狮猴，尽管它们生活 的岛屿相距很近，但它们使用石器的方式不同。【34题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一自然段 u Scientists have obser

18、ved two groups of long-tailed macaque monkeys in Thailand, Southeast Asia, using stone tools differently, even though the islands they live on are less than six miles apart.（科学家们在东南亚的泰国观察到两组长尾狮猴，尽管它们生活的岛屿相距不到6英里，但它们使用 石器的方式不同。）”和第二自然段第二句 The macaques use stones that they choose carefully to hammer t

19、he shells of shellfish, such as oysters, sea snails and crabs.（这些彳弥猴用它们精心挑选的石头敲打贝壳类动物 的壳，如牡蛎、海螺和螃蟹。）”可知，这些狮猴能够利用石头。故选A项。35题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第四自然段第二句 The team found that the stones on Boi Yai used to crack open oysters had more and deeper lines and they had been well used, but on Yao Noi the ones hadnt be

20、en used much at all. （tiff 究小组发现，在博伊亚岛上用来敲开牡蛎的石头上有更多更深的纹路，它们被很好地利用了，但在耀诺 岛上，这些石头根本就没怎么被使用。）”可知，研究人员判断哪些石头曾被用作工具的依据是，看石头 上的使用纹路，即石头的磨损程度。所以该自然段第一句话Distinctive patterns of wear on stones meant that they could tell which stones had been used as tools.（石头上独特的模式意味着他们可以分辨出哪些石头曾被用作工具。）”中，wear的含义为“磨损、受损”。故选

21、A项。【36题详解】推理判断题。由文章第五自然段第四句话 “The different patterns of behaviour between the two groups of monkeys suggest that different traditions can develop in different groups of macaques, even though they live in similar sorts of environments.（两组狒猴不同的行为模式表明，即使它们生活在类似的环境中，但是不同的 物猴群体形成了不同的传统。）”可知，娜猴群体有它们各自的传统。

22、故选C项。The MEarlhrisc PhotoThe success of Blue Origins space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich persons game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping it

23、s inhabitants better understand their world.“Space exploration has played an important role in forming our understanding of our planet J Smith said in an interview. The most downloaded image in histoiy is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the phot

24、o was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.Space View, founded in 2019, is a firm using a giant balloon to send humans

25、into the stratosphere （平流层）. It is designing a luxurious capsule （豪华太空舱）that fts six passengers, who can relax in seats or enjoy a snack while flying 20 miles above Earth.Smith explained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View cu

26、rrently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly. A ticket price of, say, $30,000 $840,000 would make the space trip affordable to many millions of people J she added.When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, When people visit space

27、and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective （视角）and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”37. What do the public think of Blue Origins spac

28、e tourism fights?A. Successful.B. Pollutive.C. Beneficial.D. Costly.38. Why does Jane Smith mention the photo of Earthrise?A. To review the history of the photo.B. To express respects to Apollo astronauts.C. To remind people of the beauty of the space.D. To explain the significance of space explorat

29、ion.39. What do we know about Space View?A. It has made much money from space tourism.B. It aims to make space tourism popular.C. It plays a part in Blue Origins flights.D. It has sent six passengers into space.40. What would be the best title of the passage?A. Is Space Tourism a Rich Persons Game?B

30、. Can Everyone Experience Space Tourism?C. Why Should the Public Know about Space?D. How Has Space Tourism Developed Rapidly?【答案】37.D38. D 39. B 40. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Blue Origin的太空飞行之旅的成功引起了人们对太空旅行的广 泛议论。多数人不理解这一行为。而Space View的创始人则表明，太空旅行会加深我们对地球的理解， 让我们更好地了解所生活的社会和环境。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的 “The

31、 success of Blue Origins space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich persons game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.（蓝色起源太空旅 游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏，是不必要的，况且地球现在急需帮 助。）”可知，在多数人眼里，这个太空旅行是有钱人的游戏，且没有必要进行这样的活动，可推知，许 多人认为这个太空之旅很耗钱且没必要。故选D项。【38题详解】推

32、理判断题。根据第二段的 “The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped humanity see Ea

33、rth as a planet in space, and inspired an upward environmental movement.（历史上下载次数最多的照片是1968年阿波罗宇 航员环绕月球时拍摄的Earthrise。拍照并不在他们的活动日程上，但是他们被这一幕深深打动了，他们赶 紧去记录下来。一张照片帮助人类将地球视为太空中的一颗行星，并激发了一场环保运动。“）”可知， 这张照片改变了人们对地球的看法，将其视为太空中的一颗行星，也让人们关注环境，因此提到这张照 片的目的是为说明太空探索是很有必要且重要的。故选D项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “Smith expl

34、ained that eventually, millions of people will have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently run $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the long-term vision is to bring pricing down significantly. A ticket price of, say, $30,000一$840,000 would make the space trip affordabl

35、e to many millions of people/9 she added.（史密斯解释说，最终，数百万人将会有激动人心的太 空经历。目前，乘坐Space View的票价为每座位12.5万美元，但史密斯表示，“长期愿景是大幅降低票 价”。“比如说，3万到84万美元的票价将使数百万人负担得起这次太空旅行，”她补充道。）”可知， Space View希望让更多的人负担得起太空旅行的费用而去进行一次太空旅行，因此它的目的就是让太空 旅行受人们喜欢。故选B项。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的 “The success of Blue Origins space tourism flight

36、s has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich persons game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.（蓝色起源太空旅 游飞行的成功引起了公众的关注。许多人说这是一个富人的游戏，是不必要的，况且地球现在急需帮 助。）”以及第二段的第一句 “For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its in

37、habitants better understand their world.（对于 Space View 的联合创始人简史密斯 来说，这个行业不是阻止地球获得帮助，而是帮助它的居民更好地了解他们的世界。）”以及最后一段“ When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, When people visit space and experience our Earth from that splendid point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human

38、 family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspective （视角）and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.” （当被问及公众的评论时，史密斯回答说：“当人们访问太空并从那个壮观的地方感受我们的地球 时，他们与我们这个星球以及居住在这个星球上的人类大家庭深深地联系在一起。这拓宽了他们的视 野，他们回来时会对社会和环境因素有了更深刻的理解。“）”可知，文章开头呈现人们对太空旅行的看 法，许多人认为这是有钱人的游戏，而在后文则

39、围绕人们的看法来解释了太空旅行真正的用处。因此A 选项“Is Space Tourism a Rich Persons Game?（太空旅行是有钱人的游戏吗？）”切合文章大意。故选A 项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容、从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Walking Under LiverpoolIn most ways, the English city of Liverpool is no different from other large cities. It is full of people, restaurants,

40、 museums, and shops. However, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way. 41 For many years, the tunnels （土也道）were nearly forgotten. There was no evidence that the tunnels were real. In 2001, a small group of curious people were delighted to discover that the old ales were true. A huge network of t

41、unnels snaked under the city.We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s. A man named Joseph Williamson designed them. 42 Why did Williamson want the tunnels? Were they ever used? If so, for what? We can only guess.43 Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was

42、 known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer people jobs. Another guess is that Williamson used the tunnels for secret business.Still others think that Williamson built the tunnels for safety reasons. Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event wou

43、ld happen. 4445 Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels. Maybe he wrote down his reasons and put the papers somewhere in the tunnels. Perhaps those papers will one day be found. For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains.A. But there is a lot we still dont know.B. T

44、he ideas are interesting, but no one knows the truth.C. Under the busy streets, there are miles of old tunnels.D. Some people who study the tunnels have got new findings.E. One idea is that Williamson, who was rich, was trying to help others.F. Nor does anyone know for sure even how many of the tunn

45、els there are.G. The tunnels would have offered protection for himself and his loved ones.【答案】41. C 42. A 43. E 44. G 45. B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章以走在利物浦为题，介绍了英国城市利物浦与众不同的地方，在于它有许 多地道及其相关知识。41题详解】上文uHowever, Liverpool stands out in one interesting way.（然而，利物浦以一种有趣的方式脱颖而出。）” 可知文章开始引入主题，表明利物浦有与众不同的地方；下文“For

46、many years, the tunnels were nearly forgotten.（多年来，这些地道几乎被遗忘。）”可知，利物浦脱颖而出的原因在于这些地道。C项“在繁忙 的街道下，有几英里长的旧地道。”承上启下，指出这里有很多地道，承接上文，并引起下文详细讲解 这些地道。故选c项。【42题详解】上文We now know that the tunnels were built sometime in the early 1800s.（我们现在知道的这些地道是在 19 世纪早期修建的。）”在说明我们目前所了解的地道信息；下文Why did Williamson want the tun

47、nels? Were they ever used? If so, for what?（威廉姆森为什么想要建地道?它们曾经被使用过吗?如果被用过，做了 什么呢？）”三个问句，说明依然还有有关地道不了解的信息。A项“但还有很多我们还不知道的信 息。”与上文形成对照，与下文一致。故选A项。【43题详解】下文 “Many people were jobless at that time, and Williams on was known to be kind. Perhaps he came up with the tunnel project so that he could offer peo

48、ple jobs.（那时候很多人者B失业了，而威廉姆森是出了名的善良。 也许他提出地道工程是为了给人们提供工作。）”说明威廉姆森建地道的其中一个原因可能是为了帮助别 人。E项“其中一个想法是，富有的威廉姆森试图帮助他人。”中的to help others （帮助他人）与下文一 致。故选E项。44题详解】上文 u Perhaps he was afraid that some type of dangerous event would happen.（也许他是害怕会发生什么危险 的事情。）”说明他建地道或许是出于安全考虑，以保护自己。G项“地道可以保护他和他所爱的人。” 与上文一致。故选G项。【45题详解】下文u Williamson did not tell many people why he built the tunnels.（威廉姆森没有告诉很多人他建造地道的 原因。和“For now, the mystery of the Williams on Tunnels remains目前，威廉姆斯家族关于地道的谜 团仍然存在。）”说明他建地道的原因依然都是猜测，真正的原因并没有人知道。B项“这些想法很有 趣，但没有人知道真相。 no one knows the truth（没有人知道真实