2010黑龙江考研英语二真题及答案.pdf

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1、20102010 黑龙江考研英语二真题及答案黑龙江考研英语二真题及答案SectionSection I I UseUse ofof EnglishEnglishDirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing passage.passage.ForFor eacheach numberednumbered blankblank therethere areare fourfourchoiceschoices markedmarked A,A,B,B,C C andand D.D.ChooseChoose thethe bestbe

2、st oneone andand markmark youryour answersanswers ononANSWERANSWER SHEETSHEET l.l.(10(10 points)points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a globalepidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic_1_ by the WorldHealth Organization in 41 years.The heigh

3、tened alert _2_an emergency meeting with flu experts in Genevathat convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising_3_in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is _4_ in severity,according to Margaret Chan,theorganizations director general,_5_ the overwhelming majority of pat

4、ientsexperiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the _6_ of anymedical treatment.The outbreak came to global_7_in late April 2009,when Mexican authoritiesnoticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_8_healthyadults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height o

5、f a panic,cases began to_9_in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade_10_warmer weather arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was _11_flu activity in almostevery state and that virtually all the_12_tested a

6、re the new swine flu,also knownas(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has_13_more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_14_Tamiflu for children from the national stockpileand began_15_orders from the states for the ne

7、w swine flu vaccine.The newvaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is _16_ ahead ofexpectations.More than three million doses were to be made available in earlyOctober 2009,though most of those _17_doses were of the FluMist nasal spraytype,which is not_18_for pregnant women,people ove

8、r 50 or those with breathingdifficulties,heart disease or several other _19_.But it was still possible tovaccinatepeople in other high-risk group:health care workers,people _20_infants andhealthy young people.1 A criticizedB appointedCcommentedD designated2 A proceededB activatedC followedD prompted

9、3 A digitsB numbersC amountsD sums4 A moderateB normalC unusualD extreme5 A with B in C fromD by6 A progressB absenceC presenceD favor7 A realityB phenomenonC conceptD notice8 AoverB forC amongD to9 A stay upB crop upC fill upD cover up10 A asB ifC unlessD until11 A excessiveB enormousC significantD

10、magnificent12 AcategoriesB examplesC patternsDsamples13 A impartedB immerseC injectedD infected14 A releasedB relayedC relievedD remained15 A placing B deliveringC takingD giving16 A feasibleB availableC reliableD applicable17 A prevalentB principalC innovativeD initial18 A presentedB restrictedC re

11、commendedDintroduced19 A problemsB issuesC agoniesD sufferings20 A involved inB caring forC concerned withDwarding offSectionSection ReadingReading comprehensioncomprehensionPartPart A ADirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing fourfour passages.passages.AnswerAnswer thethe questionsq

12、uestions belowbelow eacheach passagepassagebyby choosingchoosing A,A,B,B,C C andand D.D.MarkMark youryour answersanswers onon ANSWERANSWER SHEETSHEET 1.1.(40(40points)points)Text1Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic notewith a sale of 56 works by Damien Hi

13、rst,“Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，atSothebys in London on September 15th 2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching morethan 70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As theauctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for

14、bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after risingbewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckonsClare Mc Andrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firmdouble the figurefive years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$5

15、0 billion.But the marketgenerates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few otherindustries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr.Hirsts sale,spending of any sortbecame deeply unfashionable,especially i

16、n New York,where the bail-out of thebanks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of manyart-buying investors.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away fromgalleriesand salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the mostoverheated sectorfor C

17、hinese contemporary artthey were down by nearly 90%inthe year to November 2008.Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses,Sothebys and Christies,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clientswhohad placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since

18、 the Japanese stoppedbuying Impressionists at the end of 1989,a move that started the most seriouscontraction in the market since the Second World War.This time experts reckon thatprices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far morefluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christies ch

19、ief executive,says:“Im prettyconfidentwere at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are stillbuyers in the market,whereas in the early 1990s,when interest rates were high,therewas no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell.Christies revenues inthef

20、irst half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006.Almost everyonewhowas interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the momentisnot a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Dsdeath,debt anddivorcestill deliver works of art to the market.But

21、 anyone who does not have tosellis keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as“a last victory”because _.A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful

22、 Inside My Head Foreverwon over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stop

23、ped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically fr

24、om 2007 to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _A.auction houses favorites B.contemporary trendsC.factors pro

25、moting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be _A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsTEXT2TEXT2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living roomawo

26、mens group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening one manhad been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while hiswifesat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening I commented thatwomen frequently complain that their husbands dont talk t

27、o them.This man quicklynodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and said,Shes the talker in ourfamily.The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.Its true,heexplained.When I come home from work,I have nothing to say.If she didnt keepthe conversation going,wed spend the whole

28、evening in silence.This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk morethan women in public situations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern iswreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.Sociologist

29、Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new bookDivorce Talkthatmost of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lack ofcommunication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate ofnearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every yeara

30、virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most oftenfocused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a careertoaccompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-supportwork like cleaning,co

31、oking,social arrangements and errands.Instead they focusedoncommunication:He doesnt listen to me.He doesnt talk to me.I found as Hackerobserved years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremostconversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In s

32、hort the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypicalcartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up infrontof his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.26.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to th

33、em.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)mostprobably means _.A.generating motivation.B.exerting influence C.causing damage D.creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_A.men tend to talk more

34、 in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral

35、 decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most p

36、robablyfocus on _A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTextText 3 3Over the past decade,many companies had perfected

37、 the art of creatingautomatic behaviors habits among consumers.These habits have helpedcompanies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks,apply lotions and wipecounters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set ofdailycues.“There are fundamental public health pr

38、oblems,like dirty hands instead of a soaphabit,that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peopleshabits,”Dr.Curtis said.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to createnewbehaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to Procter&Gamble,ColgateP

39、almolive and Unilever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding thesubtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce newroutines.If you look hard enough,youll find that many of the products we use every day chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air freshe

40、ners,waterpurifiers,health snacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teeth whiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins are results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularlybrushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of canny advertising andpublic health campaigns,many Americans habitually gi

41、ve their pearly whites acavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the otherbrands.A few decades ago,many people didnt drink water outside of a meal.Thenbeverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and nowofficeworkers unthinkingly sip bottled wat

42、er all day long.Chewing gum,once boughtprimarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshenerand teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as partofmorning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succee

43、d when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”saidCarol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives,anditsessentia

44、l to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning havelearned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues throughrelentless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies haveerupted when the ta

45、ctics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams orunhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap_.A.should be further cultivatedB.should be changed graduallyC.are deeply rooted in historyD.are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moist

46、urizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5soas to_A.reveal their impact on peoples habitsB.show the urgent need of daily necessitiesC.indicate their effect on peoples buying powerD.manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peopleshab

47、its?A.TideB.CrestC.ColgateD.Unilever34.From the text we know that some of consumers habits are developed due to_A.perfected art of productsB.automatic behavior creationC.commercial promotionsD.scientific experiments35.The authors attitude toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habitsis_A.i

48、ndifferentB.negativeC.positiveD.biasedText4Text4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucialdemocratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimalqualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;thatjurorsshould be select

49、ed randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by theirpeers;andthat verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and

50、not just theletterof the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct ratherthanrepresentative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governingthemselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986,jury selection procedures