2022-2023学年河南省信阳高级中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版） (1).docx

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1、2024届高二上期期末考试英语试题第一部分基础知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节单项选择(共20题，每小题1分，共20分)1. Not until very late that night her house was from the terrible flood.A. did she realize, under threatB. that she realized, under threatC. when she realized, in declineD. had she realized, in decline【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查倒装句和短语。句意：直到那天晚上很晚她才意识到她

2、的房子正受到可怕洪水的威胁。not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装，故排除B, C项，由时间状语until very late that night 和下文的was可知I,描述过去发生的事情，用一般现在时，助动词用did, under threa俨受到威胁”,in decline在 衰退中，在减少”，根据句意，用under threat,故选A。2Its most urgent that the all the shops in the U.S because of the increasingly confirmed Covid-19 cases.A. are c

3、losedB. should closeC. be closedD. have been closed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：最紧迫的是，由于新冠肺炎确诊病例越来越多，美国所有的商店都 应该关闭。在固定句型it is urgent that sb./sth. (should) do sth.(tt是很紧迫的)中，that所引导的主语从句要用(should) do这一虚拟语气结构；主语all the shops和谓语colse之间是被动关系，所以此处为(should) be closed o 故选 C。3. Every year, many graduates tra

4、vel from one place to another,for a well-paid job.A. huntB. huntingC. to huntD. hunted【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每年很多毕业生从一个地方到另一个地方，寻找高薪的工作。分析句子 可知，谓语动词是travel,故hunt用非谓语动词形式作状语，hunt与逻辑主语graduates是主动关系，故用 现在分词作伴随状语，故选B。4 New mothers can get in their baby without realizing it.A. picked upB. set upC. put

5、upD. wrapped up【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国国家美术馆的展品以及这个展馆的布置、开馆的时间等情况。 【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to可知人们可以在这里看至U 13世 纪的宗教图画。B、C、D三项中的图画都没有涉及religious这个词。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的 The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci可

6、知，达芬奇的作品可以在the main West Wing中看到，因此选B。其他几个地方都没有展出达芬 奇的画。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 Nearest underground stations： Charing Cross（2-minute walk）.可知，Charing Cross离国家美术馆只有步行2分钟的路程，其他几个地方离国家美术馆的距离都比CharingCross远。故选 Do【点睛】细节理解题解题思路与应试技巧细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到, 即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选

7、项有以下特征：1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生

8、的事情。3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时耍回到 题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。BFor almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser（理发师）,wandered（徘徊）about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he

9、was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly said in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications（资格）,he had saved several peoples lives. He had even been allowed to help a surgeon（夕卜科医生）during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallo

10、wed（吞）.“I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope（听诊器）and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses a

11、nd other doctors, ifs easy to take people in,“ he said. One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.“He looked very professional（专业的）.He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me so

12、me sort of injection（注射）J she said. And then he suddenly went away when a nurse asked who he was. She didnt think there was anything wrong. I would never have realized he was a fhke（冒牌货）if a policewoman hadnt showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I co

13、uld hardly believe my ears.” Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was shocked and horrified?, that he got away with his deceiving（欺骗）for so long, and then sentenced（孚lj开（J） him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.“I can only hope that this will not lead to furt

14、her problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behavior of the psychiatrists （精神科医生）who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer

15、 sentence.Judge Adams warned York.34. York was proud of the fact that.A. a surgeon let him watch an operation.B. he could perform some duties of a doctor.C. he had cheated doctors for so longD. people thought he could become a real doctor35. York learned how to behave like a doctor by.A. watching ot

16、her doctors workB. talking to doctors and nursesC. getting some training and experienceD. observing doctors while he was a patient36. Why was Laura Kennan in hospital?A. She had swallowed something and almost died.B. She had to have and emergency operation.C. She had been injured in a road accident.

17、D. She had lost consciousness while driving.37. The judges remark implied that York would be more severely（严厉）punished if he.A. pretended to be a psychiatristB. tried to get away from prisonC. was proud of what he had doneD. studied the behaviour of the psychiatrist【答案】34.B35. A 36. C 37. A【解析】【导语】这

18、是一篇记叙文。本文叙述的是一个23岁的理发师假扮医生的故事。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句 u Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several peoples lives.（昨天，他在法庭上骄傲地宣称，尽管 他完全没有医疗经验或资格，但他已经挽救了好几个人的生命。）”可知，他因为可以履行一些医生的职责 而自豪。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 “At

19、 first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and other doctors, ifs easy to take people in.（一开始我只是旁观。一旦你学会了医生是如何与病人、护士和其他医 生交谈的，你就很容易理解他们。）”可知，York通过观察其他医生的工作学会如何像一个医生。故选A。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“She had been knocked down by a car and fainted.（她被一辆汽车撞倒而晕倒 了。）”可知，她在一次交通事故中

20、受了伤。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句 If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence如果你在被释放后试图说服人们你自己是一 个精神病医生，我将确保你会被判更长的刑期。）”可知，如果他在被释放之后假装是一名精神病科医生的 话，他将被判更长的刑期。故选A。CThe baby is just one day old and

21、has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （警觉的）.Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards ch

22、ange from one to the other, her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focusuntil a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the worl

23、d?Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects （a comb, a key, an orange

24、 and so on）, changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly（随意土也）on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or

25、 three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.38. The experiment described in Paragr

26、aph 1 is related to the babys.A. sense of hearingB.sense of sightC. sense of touchD.sense of smell39. Babies are sensitive to the change in.A. the size of cardsB.the colour of picturesC. the shape of patternsD.the number of objects40. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?A. To redu

27、ce the difficulty of the experiment.B. To see how babies recognize sounds.C. To carry their experiment further.D. To keep the babies* interest.41. Where does this text probably come from?A. Science fiction.B. Childrens literature.C. An advertisement.D. A science report.【答案】38.B39. D 40. C 41. D【解析】【

28、分析】这是一篇说明文。章对刚出生一天的婴儿做实验，通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的 视觉、听觉进行的一个实验.主要介绍了研究人员通过一些卡片黑点的数量来检验婴儿对于数量变化的敏 感程度，发现当数量相对多的时候，比较容易引起婴儿的注意，使他们变得更加兴奋。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段文中的She stares it carefully. Her gaze starts to lose its focus.可知，她仔细地盯 着它，目光开始失去焦点。所以本段是对孩子的视觉实验，故第一段所描述的实验主要是关于视觉的。故 选B项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 As the

29、 cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus一until a third, with three black spots, is presented.Her gaze returns.可知，随着卡片上黑点数量的变化， 婴儿的注视也发生变化，表明了婴儿对于数量的变化比较敏感，故选D项。【40题详解】细节理解题。第二段中研究人员先是通过卡片上的黑点来测验婴儿对于数量的变化的敏感程度；根据第二 段中的 The effect even crosses between senses.three drum

30、beats than when they heard just two； likewise（同样 地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.可知，研究人员又做了 击鼓的实验，这样做 的目的是更加深入地研究婴儿对于数量变化的敏感程度，故选C【41题详解】推理判断题。本文提到了 experiment和researchers等，可知是一些研究人员做了一个实验，来检验婴儿们 对于数量的变化是不是敏感，所以本文属于一个科学研究报告。故选DThe word advertising refers to any kind

31、of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote（促进）the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed town criers to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When

32、 printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements（ads）could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to pro

33、mote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the

34、 eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firms name or product, words organized in eyecatching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions

35、easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as advertising agencies（广告商）.”The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agenc

36、ies promoted consumerism（消费主义）as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the right products.42. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.B. Merchants were employed to promote products.C. Product informati

37、on was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.43. What does the word This in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Working with ad agencies.B. Including pictures in ads.C. Selling goods in markets.D. Advertising in newspapers.44. The 18th century advertising was special in its.A. growing spendingB. at

38、tractive designsC. advertising companiesD. printing materials45. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of AdvertisingB. The Value of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for Advertising【答案】42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A【解析】

39、【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广告的发展史。【42题详解】细节理解题。由第一段的 “In the Middle Ages, merchants employed town criersn to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（在中世纪，商人雇佣“镇上的叫喊者”大声朗读公共信息来推销他们的商品）”可知 在中世纪，广告信息在公共场合被大声的喊出来，故选A。【43题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段的 “The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place

40、just for advertising. his was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.（伦敦公报是第一家专门设立广告版面的报纸。这是如此的成功，以至于到 本世纪末，有几家公司开始为商人做报纸广告）”可知，This指的是“在报纸上登广告”，故选D。【44题详解】细节理解题。由第三段的 “Ad writers were starting to pay mo

41、re attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firms name or product, words organized in eyecatching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.（广告作者开始更 加关注广告文本的设计。从衣服到饮料，每样东西都是通过巧妙的

42、方法来推广的，比如重复公司的名称或 产品，用引人注目的方式组织单词，使用漂亮的图片和易于记忆的表达方式）”可知，18世纪的广告的特别 之处在于它款式新颖的设计。故选B。【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“In the Middle Ages, merchants employed ntown criers to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（在中世纪，商人雇佣“镇上的叫喊者”大声朗读公共信息来推 销他们的商品）”，第二段的“By the end of the seventeenth century

43、, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. （至U十七世2己末， 当 报纸开始被更多的人阅读时，印刷品成为推广产品和服务的重要方式），第三段的“Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century.（广告在整个十八世纪迅速传播”和最后一段的“Near the end of the nineteenth

44、century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as advertising agencies （广告 商）.（十九世纪末，致力于广告制作的公司被称为“广告公司”）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了广告的发展 史，故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Kids health： Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time

45、 to time. 46 Some ways of dealing with stress - like screaming or hitting someone - don*t solve （解决）much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：（l）Get support. When

46、 you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 47 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.（2）Don*t take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset t

47、hey take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that*s not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Dont take it out on yourself.48（3）Try to solve the problem. After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends, it*s time to get down to business. 49 Even if you cant solve

48、all of it, you can solve a piece of it.（4）Be positive. Most stress is temporary （暂时的）.Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps arent magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, youll help yourself feel better even faster. 50A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends1 feelings and find a way to help them.C. Different people feel stress in different w