2022-2023学年重庆市巴蜀中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（五）英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、巴蜀中学2023届高考适应性月考卷（五）英语注意事项：1 .答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写 清楚。2 .每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦 干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。3 .考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）注意，听力部分答题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将 答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的

2、A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the woman trying to do?A. Borrow a book.B. Buy a car.C. Rent clothes.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 W: Im looking for a place to rent a suit. My husband and I have some weddings to attend in the area, so Im looking t

3、o rent for one or two months.M: Theres a shop beside the car rental agency. Theres also one opposite the book shop.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where probably are the speakers?A. In the street.B. In the police office.C. In the doctors office.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 W: Somebody help! That man took my bag and is runnin

4、g away! Can anyone run after him?M: Are you hurt, Madam? Do not worry. Til catch him.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers probably doing?A. Visiting a gallery.B. Running a race.C. Climbing a mountain.【26题详解】推理判断题。从第三段最后一句“.and by selling off your only daughter because there was no other soluti

5、on for yourpoorfamily（卖掉了你唯一的女儿，因为你可怜的家庭没有其他解决办法。）可知，从第三段可以推断 出女孩们被视为家庭的可交易商品。故选C项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。全文多次提及color,颜色，讲述女孩父亲希望自己的孩子生活多彩，但我的现实生活充满了 残酷的色彩，文章最后提出总有一天，女性能担任多彩的职也、抒写多彩的生活，可知，“Color the Gir Future”（为女孩的未来涂色）更贴合全文主旨。故选A项。CTheory of mind refers to the ability to understand the desires, intentions

6、and beliefs of others, and is a skill that develops between 3 and 5 years of age in typically developing children.Theory of mind is damaged in some people with autism（自闭症）.One of the earliest tests for theory of mind is the false-belief test developed by Simon Baron-Cohen and Uta Frith. In the class

7、ic version of the test, a little girl named Sally puts a ball into a basket and goes out for a walk. While she is away, another little girl named Anne takes the ball out of the basket and puts it into a box. When Sally comes back, she wants to play with the ball. Where, the children are asked, will

8、Sally look for the ball? Children with autism, unable to take an alternative perspective, would assume Sally has reason to believe that the ball has moved.In 1985, Baron-Cohen, Frith and Alan Leslie reported that children with autism systematically fail the false-belief test. The researchers conclud

9、ed that autism leads to a delay in the development of theory of mind, and that people with autism have difficulty understanding the mental states of others.However, researchers stress that it is important to distinguish false-belief tasks, which rely on language, from completely-developed theory of

10、mind, which is more deeply damaged in people with autism. Some children and adults with autism can pass false-belief tests, for example. But they show more difficulty with theory of mind tasks that do not allow them to reason through a problem. For example, a 2011 study reported that highly intellig

11、ent young adults with autism tend not to weigh intention and outcome when engaged in moral reasoning.Finally, much research suggests that different aspects of language are important for developing theory of mind. These include communication in social contexts, such as between mother and child or in

12、peer interactions with words and concepts referring to mental states and complex grammar, especially sentence structures used to express mental states.28. What would be the answer from children with autism in the false-belief test?A. In the box.”B. In the basket.”C. Sally has it.”D. Anne has it.”29.

13、 What do we know about the young adults“ in paragraph 4?A. They have higher intelligence than others because of autism.B. They have difficulty in telling the difference between languages.C. They can better weigh the outcome of a deed than normal people.D. They can pass false-belief tests but not tho

14、se for moral reasoning.30. Which of the following may better benefit the development of theory of mind?A. A discussion with classmates on the mathematic problems.B. A self-talk on how to build a computer model to learn grammar.C. A chat with cousins on where to spend the next summer holiday.D. A bed

15、time conversation between mother and son on happy moments.31. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To present scientists9 conflicting opinions on autism.B. To alert different age groups to the danger of autism.C. To share some findings on theory of mind and autism.D. To offer the possible causes of

16、 and solutions to autism.【答案】28. A 29. D 30. D 31. C解【导语】本篇为说明文。介绍了心智发展理论与自闭症之间的联系。【详解】1 .推理判断题 o 从第二段 “ Children with autism, unable to take an alternative perspective, would assume Sally has reason to believe that the ball has moved.（患有自闭症的孩子无法换一个角度看问题，他们会认为莎 莉坚信球移动了。）”可知，自闭症儿童无法换位思考，会认为萨莉坚信球移动了（从

17、篮子里被移动到盒子 里），从而可推理出自闭症儿童认为莎丽会在盒子里找到球，因此推断他们会回答“在盒子里”。故选A。2 .细节理解题。从第四段 u Some children and adults with autism can pass false-belief tests, for example. But they show more difficulty with theory of mind tasks that do not allow them to reason through a problem. For example, a 2011 study reported that

18、highly intelligent young adults with autism tend not to weigh intention and outcome when engaged in moral reasoning.（例如，一些患有自闭症的儿童和成人可以通过错误信念测试。但他们在完成心智 理论任务时表现出更多的困难，因为这些任务不允许他们通过推理来解决问题。例如，2011年的一项研究 报告称，患有自闭症的高智商年轻人在进行道德推理时往往不会权衡意图和结果。）可知，他们能够通过 false-belief测试，但无法进行道德推断，故选D。3 .推理判断题。从第五段 uFinally

19、, much research suggests that different aspects of language are important for developing theory of mind. These include communication in social contexts, such as between mother and child or in peer interactions with words and concepts referring to mental states and complex grammar, especially sentenc

20、e structures used to express mental states.（最后，许多研究表明，语言的不同方面对心智理论的发展都很重要。 这包括在社会背景下的交流，如母亲和孩子之间的交流，或在同伴之间的交流中，涉及精神状态和复杂语 法的单词和概念，特别是用于表达精神状态的句子结构。）”可知：社交过程（如亲子交流或同伴交流）中， 使用与精神状态的相关词汇、概念、复杂语法及表达精神状态的句子结构，均能促进心智发展，故选D。4 .推理判断题。从第一段内容 “ Theory of mind refers to the ability to understand the desires, i

21、ntentions and beliefs of others, and is a skill that develops between 3 and 5 years of age in typically developing children.（心智理论指的 是理解他人欲望、意图和信仰的能力，是正常发育儿童在3到5岁之间发展起来的一种技能。）”和第二段 首句Theory of mind is damaged in some people with autism（自闭症）.（一些自闭症患者的心智理论受损。）” 以及全文内容看，本文的目的是共享一些在心智与自闭症理论方面的发现。故选C。DIn

22、the recently opened Our Broken Planet exhibition in Londons Natural History Museum, a small piece of dark material covered with faint holes is on show in a display container. The nodule（|、块）could easily be mistaken for coal, but its true nature is much more interesting.The nodule is a combination of

23、 metals and oceanographers have discovered trillions of them on Earths ocean floors. Each is rich in some of the most important elements for making the electric cars, wind turbines and solar panels that we need to replace the carbon-emitting motors, power plants and factories now damaging our climat

24、e.These nodules could therefore help humanity save itself from the ill effects of global warming, argue mining companies who say their exploitation should be rated an international priority. By mining up chunks（块）from the deep we can slow the burning of our planefs surface.“We desperately need subst

25、antial amounts of metals contained by these nodules to build electric cars and power plants J says Hans Smit, chief executive of Floridas Oceans Minerals, which has announced plans to mine fbr nodules. We cannot increase land supplies of these metals without having a significant environmental impact

26、. Its ou】only altemative.”Other researchers disagree, however. They say mining deep-sea nodules would be disastrous for our already stressed, plastic-ridden, overheated oceans. Delicate, long-living residents of the deep shells, fish, corals and squids would be erased by mining. At the same time, mu

27、d with poisonous metals would be sent upwards to disturb marine food-chains.“It is hard to imagine how seabed mines could workably operate without destroying the ocean species J says UK marine biologist Helen Scales, a view shared by David Attenborough, who has called for a pause on all deep-sea min

28、ing plans. In this case it means the destruction of an ecosystem, an issue worth the best attention from everyentity（实体）involved, “he says.For better or worse, these mineral nodules are going to play a critical role in determining our future either by releasing us from our current ecological headach

29、es or by stimulating even more fatal outcomes.32. Which of the following best describes the nodule on display?A. An interesting artificial artwork.B. A difficult-to-tell chunk of coal.C. An oceanic piece rich in metals.D. A container for electric materials.33. What do the underlined words “our only

30、alternative in the paragraph 4 refer to?A. New technology for power plants.B. Massive production of electric cars.C. Land exploitation for more minerals.D. Underwater mining for specific metals.34. What is Davids major concern for deep-sea nodule exploitation?A. The disorderly movements of ocean spe

31、cies.B. The disturbance of ecological balance at sea.C. The operational workability for seabed mining.D. The uneven distribution of profits among entities.35. Why do the mineral nodules play a critical role in determining our future?A. They can be used both for good and for bad.B. Their exploitation

32、 can bring opposing effects.C. They contain beneficial and harmful elements.D. Their exploiters cannot reach agreement till now.【答案】32.C33. D 34. B 35. B【解析】【导语】本篇为说明文。主要介绍深海开采矿物结节的利弊。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “The nodule is a combination of metals and oceanographers have discovered trillions of them on E

33、arths ocean floors.（这种结节是金属的结合体，海洋学家在地球的海底发现了数万亿种金属。） 可知，在展出的the nodule是深海开采来的，且富含金属元素。故选C项。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句 By mining up chunks from the deep we can slow the burning of our planefs surface.（通过从深处开采大块矿物，我们可以减缓地球表面的燃烧。）以及第四段中We desperately need substantial amounts of metals contained by these n

34、odules to build electric cars and power plants J says Hans Smit, chief executive of Floridas Oceans Minerals, which has announced plans to mine for nodules. We cannot increase land supplies of these metals without having a significant environmental impact.（“我们迫切需要这些结节中含 有的大量金属来建造电动汽车和发电厂佛罗里达州海洋矿产公司（

35、Oceans Minerals）首席执行官汉斯斯密 特（Hans Smit）表示。该公司已宣布开采结节的计划。“我们不可能在不对环境造成重大影响的情况下增加这 些金属的土地供应。）可知，第四段陈述的是支持深海开采的Hans Smit的观点，故可猜测，第4段中划线 的“our only alternative（我们唯一的选择）指的是特定金属的水下开采。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中 “In this case it means the destruction of an ecosystem, an issue worth the best attention from

36、every entity involved.（在这种情况下，它意味着生态系统的破坏，这是一个值得每一个相关 实体高度关注的问题。）故可推断出，David最担心深海开采会破坏生态系统，打破它的平衡。故选B项。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后段中 “either by releasing us from our current ecological headaches or by stimulating even morefataloutcomes（要么把我们从目前令人头痛的生态问题中解脱出来，要么引发更致命的后果。）可知I,矿物结节在决定我们的未来方面起着至关重要的作用是因为它们的开发可能会带

37、来相反的效果。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分,满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，微博橙子辅导从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多 余选项。The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory which outlines the problems with people sharing collective property versus private ownership. An example of collective property is when employees dont feel any owners

38、hip in the chairs and desks in the office, so they dont report problems when they occur. However, in private ownership, anything is checked and taken care of. The tragedy of the commons can ruin your business if youre not careful.36Encourage teamwork. Numerous studies have shown that to employees, s

39、elf-realization is even more important than money. We can self-realize by feeling like we are a team, jointly committed to a cause. 37 They don9t just have a job for themselves. Instead, they are set to make the company a success. Certainly, they have specific responsibilities, but their commitment

40、to the business is all-embracing.38 There are some people who are naturally more gifted in particular areas. For example, one man who works for me is just a natural handyman. So, I asked him to keep an eye on the mechanical items that may need niainlenance and repairs, and to go ahead and fix it. He

41、 should treat the properly as if he owns ilHold back the critical. Not everybody is cut out to be an overseer of a business. Some people are just too judgmental or negative. Even if such people have particular skills, you do well to not assign them to oversee others. They can drive everybody crazy.

42、39 This keeps them and everyone else happy.Welcome Feedback. You may notice something is not being taken care of here or there. 40 This becomes a valuable tool to show employees that this is important to you, and you genuinely care about them and the state of your assets.A. Plan out management wisel

43、y.B. Assign tasks evenly among employees.C. Create a place for them where they work chiefly alone.D. There, however, exist such benefits as mentioned below.E. The question then comes: How do you deal with it in a business?F. Point it out in a respectful manner and figure out what is going on.G. Insp

44、ire everyone to take a heartfelt involvement in the business as a whole.【答案】36. E 37. G 38. A 39. C 40. F【解析】【导语】本篇为说明文。介绍公地悲剧是什么，以及如何解决。【36题详解】根据前文 “ However, in private ownership, anything is checked and taken care of. The tragedy of the commons can ruin your business if youre not careful.（然而，在私人所

45、有制中，任何事情都是被检查和照顾的。如果你不小 心，公地悲剧可能会毁了你的生意。）”可知，此处强调的是公地悲剧造成的后果，后文介绍的是解决这个 问题的方法，因此，此处需要衔接过渡语，E选项uThe question then comes: How do you deal with it in a business?（接下来的问题是:你在企业中如何应对这种情况？）”符合语境。故选E。37题详解】根据前文的 “We can self-realize by feeling like we are a team, jointly committed to a cause.（我们可以通过感觉 我们是一个

46、团队，共同致力于一项事业来实现自我。）”可知，此处强调我们可以通过共同致力于一项事业 来实现自我。G 选项Inspire everyone to take a heartfelt involvement in the business as a whole.（激励每个人都 发自内心地参与到整个业务中来。）”强调让每个人发自内心地参与到整个业务中来即是对前文致力于一项 事业的承接，符合语境，故选G。【38题详解】根据后文的 “For example, one man who works for me is just a natural handyman. So, I asked him to k

47、eep an eye on the mechanical items that may need maintenance and repairs, and to go ahead and fix it. He should treat the property as if he owns it（比如，我手下的一个人就是个天生的勤杂工。所以，我让他留意一下可能需要维护和修理的 机械部件，并继续修理它。他应该像对待自己的财产一样对待这笔财产。）”可知，后文给出的例子在强调 细化监管责任，A选项Plan out management wisely.（明智地规划管理。）”引起下文。故选A。【39题详解

48、】根据前文“Even if such people have particular skills, you do well to not assign them to oversee others. They can drive everybody crazy.（即使这样的人有特殊的技能，你最好不要让他们去监督其他人。他们能把每个人都逼疯。）“ 可知，此处强调并不是所有人都适合作监管员，对于这样的人他们可能会把其他人都逼疯。因此后文应该 强调面对这样的人，应该如何处理。C选项“Create a place for them where they work chiefly alone.（为他们创 造一个主要独自工作的地方。）”强调为他们创造一个主要独自工作的地方，承接前文。故选C。【40题详解】根据前文 “You may notice something is not being taken care of here or there.（你可能会注意到有些地方没有得 到照顾。）”可知，此处强调有些公物没有照顾到，后文应该强调如何处理这种情况。F选项“Pointitoutin a respectful manner and figure out what is going on.（以一种尊重的态度指出来，弄清楚发生了什么。）”强调礼 貌地指出问题，