2022-2023学年福建省南平市高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、南平市2022-2023学年第一学期高二期末质量检测英语试题本试卷共12页。考试时间120分钟。满分150分。注意事项:1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在 本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将答题卡交回。选择题部分第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5

2、段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C.9.15.答案是C。1. What did the man do on Saturday?A. He went to the movies.B. He visited some friends.C. He had dinner with his family.2. Who will the woman call?A. Her

3、mother. B. Her friend. C. Her boss.3. When will the mans wife leave fbr the airport?A. Today. B. Tomorrow. C. This weekend.4. Where was the man born?A. In China. B. In America. C. In Canada.23 minutes until the test was over. Researchers found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol

4、 sent out from the skin of participants9 ears. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people fbr driving drunk.To measure other gases, they only need to change out the sensor. They hope their new system will find most of its use elsewhere. With the right sensor, they say, the

5、ir system could detect diseases. For instance, high levels of acetone in the breath can signal diabetes or liver disease. Elmassry imagines another possible benefit. The new system could help doctors diagnose （诊断）and tell whether a childs ear infections had been caused by bacteria or a virus. How? E

6、ach type of infection gives off different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors treat the disease.12. Whafs the purpose of using earmuffs in the research?B. To catch gases.D. To protect the skin.A. To keep warmth.C. To keep out dust.13. Why did Tomas team choose the ear to monitor?A. The ear

7、 is easy to observe.B. The ear is suitable to fix the muff.C. The ears skin is thin fbr gases to get outD. The ears infection can be quickly detected.14. How long did the whole test last?A. 90 minutes.B. 50 minutes.C. 23 minutes.D. 10 minutes.15. What can we expect of the new system in the future?A.

8、 It may be used to reduce drunk driving.B. It will be applied to curing most diseases.C. It will develop into a disease diagnostic tool.D It can help to remove bad gases from the body.【答案】12.B13.C14. A 15. C【解析】【导语本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究人员提出了一种系统，使用耳罩捕捉指向严重疾病的气体。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段The human body gives off man

9、y gases. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to seize gases pointing to serious diseases.（人体释放出许多气体。现在，研究人员提出了 一种系统，使用耳罩捕捉指向严重疾病的气体可知，研究中使用耳罩的目的是为了捕捉气体。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “ The ear is a good place to monitor/ agrees Moamen Elmassry, a microbiologist at Princeton Univer

10、sity. The ears skin is fairly thin, so gases dont have to travel far to get out of the blood. （“ 耳朵 是监测的好地方，”普林斯顿大学的微生物学家Moamen Elmassry同意。耳朵的皮肤相当薄，所以气体不需 要走很远就能从血液中排出。）”可知，托马的团队选择监测耳朵是因为耳朵的皮肤很薄，气体容易排出。 故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 “Once in the lab, these men wore the earmuffs and sat for 10 minutes as th

11、e system recorded normal gas levels. Afterward, the men drunk a big dose of alcohol. 7 minutes later, the earmuff system sniffed out a rise in alcohol leaving the skin. Roughly 50 minutes after that, alcohol levels peaked at about 183 parts per billion in air. Levels continued falling after another

12、23 minutes until the test was over.（进入实验室后， 这些人戴上耳罩，坐10分钟，系统就会记录下正常的气体水平。之后，这些人喝了大量的酒。7分钟后， 耳罩系统嗅出皮肤上的酒精含量上升。大约50分钟后，空气中的酒精含量达到了十亿分之183的峰值。又 过了 23分钟，水平继续下降，直到测试结束。）”可知，整个测试持续90分钟。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 Elmassry imagines another possible benefit. The new system could help doctors diagnose （诊断）and te

13、ll whether a childs ear infections had been caused by bacteria or a virus. How? Each type of infection gives off different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors treat the disease. （Elmassry 设想了 另 个可能的好处。这个新系统可以帮助医生诊断和判断孩子的耳部感染是由细菌还是病毒引起的。如何引起 的？每种感染都会释放出不同的气体。这反过来又可以指导医生如何治疗这种疾病。）”可知，我们期待新 系

14、统在未来发展成为一种疾病诊断工具。故选C。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选 项。Everyone, at some point in their lives, loses their enthusiasm when theyre at their lowest and things just dont seem right. During these down moments, it is important that you care for yourself mentally. 16 Open

15、 up. When you are not at your best, you can always reach out to someone who is trustworthy. 17 You can meet with a psychologist. As we know, a problem shared is half solved. 18 Find the causes of stress and stay away from them. Its easy to get stressful and disappointedwhen you are burnt out. When i

16、t happens, try to take a break by sleeping or going on a vacation. Take a break from every stress and activity that may wear you out. Do what you love. Your productivity will improve when involved in what you love. Make a list of those activities you love when youve got the chance, or do them with f

17、riends. Doing what you love keeps yourself happy and less stressed. 19 Be kind. I dont know if youve felt this before. But theres this joy that comes with putting a smile on others faces. 20 Wondering how to start? You can volunteer, teach a person, say kind words, encourage others and show love in

18、whatever way you think is best. This has an effect on you as well because kindness releases the happiness hormone （荷尔蒙）.A. Take a break.B. Find stress factors.C. How can you do it?D. Stress comes from unpleasant experiences.E. Its better to share it than to keep it all bottled up.F. This is one big

19、secret to improving your mental health.G. Be the reason someone believes in the goodness in people.【答案】16.C17. E 18. A 19. F 20. G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在生活中我们遇到挫折的时候，应该积极面对现实，采取各 种措施解决问题，同时，作者还给出了几条具体的建议。【16题详解】根据上文“it is important that you care for yourself mentally.（重要的是你要在精神上照顾好自己）”，表达了要 在精神上照顾

20、好自己，然后后面的段落直接给了建议，中间缺乏一个表达“怎样去做”含义的过渡句，与C 项“How can you do it?（怎样去做呢）”表达的含义一致，故选C项。【17题详解】根据下文 “When you are not at your best, you can always reach out to someone who is trustworthy.（当你不在状态 的时候，你总可以求助于值得信任的人）”可知，本句表达的含义是要表达出来，不要藏在心底，与E项“ It，s better to share it than to keep it all bottled up.（分享出来要比

21、藏在心底好）”表达的含义一致，故选E项。【18题详解】根据下文 “When it happens, try to take a break by sleeping or going on a vacation（当它发生的时候，试着通过睡 觉或者去度假休息一下）”可知本段讲的是要注意休息，与A项“Take a break（休息一下）”表达的含义一致, 故选A项。【19题详解】根据上文“Doing what you love keeps yourself happy and less stressed.（做你喜爱的事会让你保持幸福且不是那 么压力大）”可知做你喜欢的事情会改善你的精神健康状态，与F

22、项“This is one big secret to improving your mental health（这是提高你的精神健康状态的一个大秘密）”表达的含义一致，故选F项。【20题详解】根据本段第一句话“Be kind（要善良）”可知本段表达的含义是要保持善良，让你自己的善良被别人感受到， 与G项“Be the reason someone believes in the goodness in people.（成为人们认为别人善良的理由）”表达的含 义一致，故选G项。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、

23、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It was the day before Thanksgiving and Kaleb Benham was wandering outside his home. His 90-pound dog,Buddy, was 21 nearby, doing what dogs do: getting into 22, Only this time, Buddy was gettinginto a real trouble.The unmistakable 23 that no one wants to hear alone in the woods

24、 caught Benhams 24. Itwas the deep roar of a bear. Benham 25 around to see the beast, which weighed around 350 pounds, 100 feet away. 26 the bear seized Buddys head and started dragging him away.Benham, aged 24, chased after them. 27 J he told CBS 13, the only thing I could think of was saveBuddy. W

25、ith extraordinary 28, he dashed and struck the bear. But it even 29 its grip （掌握）onBuddy. Benham tried prying open its mouth, but the jaw was 30 tight. Finally, Benham turned to streetfighting. It 3j, The bear dropped the dog and ran off into the woods.Buddy was badly 32. “My first thought was that

26、I was going to lose him,“ Benham said. He33 him to a nearby vet （兽医）.Buddys 34 took nearly four hours. Benham was35 to watch the process through a window as Buddy was operated on.This was the second time Benham had rescued Buddy, says CBS13.21. A. falling overB. looking aboutC. playing aroundD. lyin

27、g down22. A. debtB.shapeC. placeD. trouble23. A. soundB. whistleC. voiceD. appeal24. A. sightB. attentionC. wordD. breath25. A. tookB. wheeledC. wavedD. stepped26. A. At one timeB. For the momentC. In an instantD. In the end27. A. GenerallyB. SurprisinglyC. StrangelyD. Honestly28. A. courageB. confi

28、denceC. prideD. passion29. A. weakenedB. relaxedC. adjustedD. tightened30. A. beatenB. lockedC. tomD. grasped31. A. failedB. workedC. matteredD. happened32. A. injuredB. defeatedC. damagedD. affected33. A. walkedB. guidedC. rushedD. pulled34. A. operationB. recoveryC. struggleD. arrangement35. A. di

29、sappointedB. puzzledC. pleasedD. anxious【答案】21. C22. D23. A 24. B25. B 26. C 27. D28. A 29. D30. BB 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D31.【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了本汉姆散步时，他的狗被熊袭击并拖走，他英勇救狗，并送到兽医 那，最终救回了狗的性命的惊险故事。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的90磅重的狗巴迪在附近玩耍，做着狗做的事：惹麻烦。A. falling over跌倒;B. looking about 四下观望;C. playing around 玩闹

30、；D. lying down 躺下。根据上文 “It was the day before Thanksgiving and Kaleb Benham was wandering outside his home.（那是感恩节的前一天，卡莱布,本汉姆在家门 闲逛）”可知，主人在闲逛的时候，小狗也在外面。由此推知，小狗也在周围漫无目的地玩耍。故选C项。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的90磅重的狗巴迪在附近玩耍，做着狗做的事：惹麻烦。A. debt债务；B. shape 形状；C. place 地点；D. trouble 问题。根据下文 “Only this time, Buddy w

31、as getting into a real trouble.（只是这 一次，巴迪遇到了真正的麻烦）”可知，小狗这次遇到了真麻烦，而之前都是“惹麻烦，给主人闯祸”，固定 短语get into trouble意为“惹麻烦，闯祸”符合语境。故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人愿意独自在树林里听到的明确无误的声音引起了本汉姆的注意。A. sound 声音；B.whistle哨声;C.voice嗓音;D. appeal吸引力。根据下文“It was the deep roar of a bear.（那是一只 熊的低沉咆哮）”可知，本汉姆听到了熊咆哮发出的声音。故选A项。【24题详解】

32、考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人愿意独自在树林里听到的明确无误的声音引起了本汉姆的注意。A. sight 景象；B. attention 注意力;C. word 词语;D. breath 呼吸。根据下文 uBenham wheeled around to see the beast, which weighed around 350 pounds, 100 feet away.（本汉姆转过身去，看到了 100英尺外的那只重约350磅的野 兽）”可知，本汉姆被声音吸引了注意力，因此才会转身去看。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：本汉姆转过身去看，看到了 100英尺外的那只重约350磅

33、的野兽。A. took带； B. wheeled转动；C.waved挥手；D. stepped迈步。根据下文“to see the beast （去看这头野兽）”可知，本汉 姆听到树林传来声音，而想去看野兽，可推测他会做转身的动作。故选B项。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：刹那间，熊抓住巴迪的头，开始把它拖走。A. At one time曾经，一度；B. For the moment 目前；C. In an instant 刹那间；D. In the end 最后。根据下文 “ Benham, aged 24, chased after them. （24 岁的本汉姆追赶着他们）”可知，

34、之所以本汉姆要追赶，肯定是他看到自己的狗那个时候突然被熊袭击并拖 走了。故选C项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“老实说，”他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司第13频道，“我唯一能想到的就是拯救 巴迪A. Generally 通常；B. Surprisingly 惊讶；C. Strangely 奇怪；D. Honestly 诚实地。根据下文 “theonly thing I could think of was，save Buddy（“我唯一能想到的就是拯救巴迪）”可知，本汉姆描述了他的内心 想法，即诚实地说。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以非凡的勇气冲了上去，攻击了熊。A.

35、courage勇气；B. confidence自信；C. pride 自豪；D. passion热情。根据下文“he dashed and struck the bear （他冲上去，攻击了熊）”可知,本汉姆为了 救自己的狗，很勇敢。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但它甚至加强了对巴迪的控制。A. weakened削弱;B.relaxed放松；C. adjusted 调整；D. tightened 使变紧。根据上文 “With extraordinary courage, he dashed and struck the bear.（他以非凡的 勇气冲了上去，攻击了熊）”可知，

36、鼓足勇气去袭击熊的目的是救狗，但是没有成功。由此推知，这句描述 转折的动作场景应该是：熊不但没有放下狗，反而咬得更紧了。故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：本汉姆试图撬开它的嘴，但它的下巴被紧紧地锁住。A. beaten击败；B. locked 封锁；C.torn撕扯；D. grasped抓。根据上文“Benham tried prying open its mouth,（本汉姆试图撬开它的嘴）” 可知，本汉姆本想撬开熊的嘴，但又出现了与预想的事情相反的事情，即熊把它的嘴封得很紧。故选B项。 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:它奏效了。A. failed失败;B. worked

37、奏效；C.mattered要紧；D. happened发生。 根据下文“The bear dropped the dog and ran off into the woods.（熊扔下了狗，跑进了树林）”可知，多番尝试 后，熊终于弃狗而逃，可知最后的方法奏效了。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴迪受了重伤。A. injured受伤的；B. defeated被击败的；C.damaged被损坏 的；D. affected 被影响的。根据上文 “ Benham tried prying open its mouth, but the jaw was locked tight.（本汉

38、姆 试图撬开它的嘴，但它的下巴被紧紧地锁住）”可知，狗被熊紧紧地咬了许久，肯定伤得很重。故选A项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他赶紧把他送到附近的兽医那里。A. walked散步；B. guided弓|导；C. rushed急 冲，紧急送；D. pulled拉，扯。根据下文“Buddys operation took nearly four hours.（巴迪的手术耗时近四个 小时。）”可知，狗后来做了手术。由此推知，本汉姆第一时间将它送到了兽医那里。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴迪的手术耗时近四个小时。A. operation手术；B. recovery恢复；C

39、.struggle挣 扎；D. arrangement安排。根据下文“as Buddy was operated on （巴迪接受手术时）”可知，狗做了手术。故选 A项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴迪接受手术时，本汉姆焦虑的透过窗户观看手术过程。A. disappointed失望 的；B. puzzled 困惑的；C. pleased 开心的；D. anxious 焦虑的。根据上文“My first thought was that Iwas going to lose him,” Benham said.（“我的第一个想法是我会失去他J本汉姆说）”可知，本汉姆知道狗伤得很重，

40、因此等待手术的时候肯定很焦虑。故选D项。非选择题部分第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In Sarek National Park of the remote far north of Sweden, I wake up to the sound of wind 36 （buffet） the cloth of my tent. For many years, few people have ever seen Sarek apart from the Sami. They used to live off rei

41、ndeer. In 1909, Sarek 37 （make） a national park to keep the land in its natural state. And all new38 （develop） is banned within park boundaries. Since reindeer were always 39 the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them. Being in such a beautiful place 40 （enable） me to feel so bl

42、essed.【答案】36. buffeting37. was made38. development39. on 40. enables【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了瑞典北部的萨瑞克国家公园。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在瑞典遥远的北部的萨瑞克国家公园，我醒来时听到风拍打着我帐篷的布的声音。 此处应填所给词的动名词形式，构成动名词复合结构，作介词of的宾语，the sound of wind buffeting the cloth of my tent “风拍打我帐篷的声音”。故填buffeting。【37题详解】考查动词语态。句意：1909年，萨瑞克被建立为国家公园

43、，以保持这片土地的自然状态。主语Sarek与make 是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由In 1909可知，应用一般过去时。故填was made。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：公园范围内禁止任何新开发项目。此处作主语，应用名词development。故填development。 【39题详解】考查介词。句意：由于驯鹿总是在迁徙，萨米人就会收拾起他们的帐篷，陪伴他们。固定搭配。n the move “迁徙”。故填on。【40题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在这样一个美丽的地方可以让我感觉很幸福。句子陈述目前的感受，应用一般现在 时，动名词短语作主语，应用第三人称单数形式。故填enables。B阅读下面

44、短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 41 research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial treatment for malaria. Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School. At that time, 42 Chinese government formed a team with th

45、e objective of discovering a treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 43 (choose). Through constant experiments, Tu found that boiling the sweet wormwood 44 (apparent) destroyed its medical properties but using a45 (low) temperature would make it work. This medicine soon

46、became a standard treatment for malaria. 【答案】41. whose42. the 43. chosen44. apparently45. lower【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者一一屠呦呦。41题详解】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现，青蒿素是治 疗疟疾的关键药物。此处非限定性定语从句，先行词是Tu Youyou,指人，关系词在从句中作research的定 语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：当时，中国政府组建了一个团队

47、，目的是发现疟疾的治疗方法，屠呦呦是第一批被选中 的研究人员之一。此处特指中国政府，应用定冠词。故填the。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，中国政府组建了一个团队，目的是发现疟疾的治疗方法，屠呦呦是第一批 被选中的研究人员之一。choose与researchers是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成，作后置定 语。故填chosen。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：通过不断的实验，屠呦呦发现，煮沸青蒿显然会破坏其药用特性，但使用较低的温度会 起作用。此处修饰动词destroyed,应用副词，作状语。故填叩parently。【45题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：通过不断的实验，屠呦呦

48、发现，煮沸青蒿显然会破坏其药用特性，但使用较低 的温度会起作用。根据 Tu found that boiling the sweet wormwood 4 （apparent） destroyed its medical properties可知，使用较低的温度会起作用，应用形容词比较级。故填lower。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46. 假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华。俱乐部将于1月12日在学校礼堂举办一次主题为Technology and Our Life”的英文演讲赛，希望外教Peter来当评委，请你写一封邀请信。参考词汇：English Speaking Contest注意：1 .词数80左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3 ,请按