2023届北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题（含答案）.docx

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1、2023届北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题学校:姓名： 班级： 考号： 一、完形填空My son was born with breathing difficulties, so he had to stay in NICU, the hospital unit for newborns needing intensive care. There he could only be fed through a tube. I hated (he tube. The lovely dreams I had of nursing my baby were entirely IOn the fifth d

2、ay, I 2 about the tube, saying that I wanted to feed him with a bottle. The doctors agreed to let me try. My sons feedings would be closely recorded to see if he was able to get 3 milk intake without the tube. After eighteen hours, it was determined he could not do that and the tube was back. This m

3、eant he wasnt getting stronger.The 4 felt so dark.Seated outside the NICU, I started crying. Just then, a young nurse came and sat beside me. When I had 5 my sorrow a little, she handed me a tissue and asked if I wanted to talk. I asked again if we could remove the tube.The nurse replied, uNot today

4、. But remember, tomorrow is a new day.”She seemed much younger than me, but her words were 6 and hope-filled, and I held on to them. I remembered her advice and repeated it to myself multiple times a day. The nurse changed my perspective away from current 7 to see (he hope of tomorrow.Gradually, thi

5、ngs started co 8. On day eight, my son drank half of his milk without thetube. On day ten, the doctors approved taking off the tube 9 Tomoirow came. It just came a few days later than expected. On day fifteen, we were released from the hospital, and my son “graduated from the NICU.What I learned fro

6、m that nurse was to look beyond today and the suffering of it and to consider tomorrow with 10. After all, tomorrow is a new day.1. A.controlledB. destroyedC. questionedD.recalled2. A.protestedB. wonderedC. forgotD.warned3. A.maximumB. restrictedC. sufficientD.additional4. A.plotB. spotC. atmosphere

7、D.situation5. A.sparedB. containedC. sharedD.exhibited6. A.wiseB. plainC. familiarD.sharp7. A.mistakesB. dreamsC. challengesD.doubtslikely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if theyve heard it before. But theres also a growing body of research into time travel the other way”, be

8、cause memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.All these fi

9、ndings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future? Here are some tips for you:To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your sensesnot just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you t

10、o recreate the past in rich clarity.If you find a memory that,s particularly helpfulfor reassurance, saykeep using it!Youll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.When youre procrastinating (拖延)，visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay fi

11、nished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.Ahead of major challenges, imagine the fiill impact of success. Dont just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways its going to change your life.Therell still be times when old thoughts remind you of

12、 sadness, or youre anxious about whafs next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better youll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, (o be your best self now.40. What did nostalgia originally mean?41. What have the researchers found about time travel?42. Please decide which

13、part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Memory skills can bring us into the future, so wc should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.43. Describe one of the helpful lime-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)六、感

14、谢信/祝贺信44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书，请你 用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1 .表达感谢并分享读书收获；2 .交流后续英文书阅读计划。注意：1.词数100左右；3 .开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua参考答案:1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的儿子由于呼吸困难，必须呆在新生儿重症监护 病房(NICU),作者感到很难过，一位护士的话让她改变了观点，从挑战中看到了希望。作 者领悟到明天又是新的一天

15、。1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我照顾孩子的美好梦想被彻底摧毁了。A. controlled控制：B. destroyed 破坏，摧毁；C. questioned 询问，质疑；D. recalled 回忆。根据My son was bom with breathing difficulties, so he had to stay in NICU”可知，由于孩子住在重症监护室，作者照 顾孩子的梦想被摧毁了。故选B。2 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第五天，我对使用管子提出抗议，说我想用奶瓶喂他。A. protested 抗议，反对；B. wondered 想知道；C. forgot 忘记;D. w

16、arned 警告。根据“I hated the tube.”和“saying that I wanted to feed him with a bottle.”可知,此处表示作者反对用管子给孩子 进食。故选A。3 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我儿子的喂食会被密切记录下来，看看他是否能在没有管 子的情况下摄入足够的牛奶。A. maximum最大的;B. restricted受限制的;C. sufficient足够 的；D. additional 额外的，附加的。根据下文“On day eight, my son drank half of his milk without the lube.”可

17、知，此处记录孩子的喂食情况，看看是否在没有管子的情况下能摄入足够的牛奶。 故选Co4 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：情况让人感觉很黑暗。A. plot故事情节：B. spot地点，场所； C. atmosphere 大气,氛围；D. situation 情况，形势。根据After eighteen hours, it was determined he could not do that and the tube was back.”可知，又重新用上了管子,说明情况不是很好。故 选D。5 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我稍稍克制住自己的悲伤时，她递给我一张纸巾，问我是 否想谈谈。A. spared抽

18、出,匀出;B. contained包含,控制;C. shared分享；D. exhibited展 览，展出 o 根据“Seated outside the NICU, I started crying.以及“asked if I wanted to talk.“可知, 此处指稍微控制下情绪。故选B。6 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看起来比我年轻得多，但她的话充满智慈和希望，我牢 牢记住了。A. wise明智的；B. plain普通的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. sharp尖锐的。根据“hope-filled和“I remembered her advice and repeated

19、it to myself multiple times a day.”可知，作 者认为那位护士的话充满智慧和希望。故选A。7 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：护士改变了我的观点，让我从当前的挑战中看到了明天的希 望。A. mistakes 错误：B. dreams 梦想；C. challenges 挑战；D. doubts 怀疑。根据to look beyond today and the suffering of it”可知，此处指当前的挑战。故选Co8 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，情况开始好转。A. go away离开；B. look up改善， 查阅；C. make sense 有道理,

20、有意义;D. fall apart 崩溃。根据On day eight, my son drank half ofhis milk without the tube.”可知，孩子的情况开始有所改善。故选B。9 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：第十天时，医生同意完全取下管子。A. frequently经常地；B. slightly 轻微地：C. completely 完全地；D. occasionally 偶尔地。根据On day eight, my son drank half of his milk without the tube.和“Tomorrow came.”可知,医生同意完全取卜管子。

21、故选C。10 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从那位护士身上学到的是，要超越今天和今天的苦难，用 信心去考虑明天。A. intention意图,打算；B. imagination想象力;C. urge冲动，强烈的欲 望；D. faith 信心，信任。根据“but her words were 6 and hope-filled”和“lo see the hope of tomorrow.”可知，作者学到要对明天充满信心。故选D。11 . between 12. has gained 13. joining【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了夺旗橄榄球在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。11 .考查介词。句意

22、：比赛的第一条规则是球员之间不允许有身体接触。表示“在两者之间“ 应用介词between 故填between。12 .考查动词时态。句意:最近，它在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。根据时间状语“recently”可 知，使用现在完成时，主语为it,助动词用has。故填has gained。13 .考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是为什么通过在线渠道加入夺旗橄榄球俱乐部的人的比例 上升到一个新的高度。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词has risen,空处需填非谓语动词作 定语，people和join为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填joining。14 . shows 15. surprising 16.

23、where【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以西雅图的电信博物馆“旧连接”一台从20世纪40年代就开 始运作的交换机引入话题，告诉我们要保留古老的交流方式。14 .考查动词时态。句意:西雅图的电信博物馆“旧连接”(01dConnections)拥有一台从20 世纪40年代就开始运作的交换机，它展示了电话是如何让我们走到一起的，但也让我们分 开了。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Oki Connections是专有名词，谓语动词 使用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。15 .考查形容词。句意：互联网带来了一波可怕的破坏性浪潮，也许这并不奇怪。空处需填 形容词作表语，修饰后文提到的事情，需用-in

24、g结尾的形容词。故填surprising。16 .考查宾语从句。句意：但只要我们保持这种古老的交流，我们就有办法记住和理解我们 来自哪里。空处引导宾语从句，句子缺少地点副词，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 17. to accomplish 18. was admitted 19. planned 20. which【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了骑游中国的王大康的人生经历。17 .考杳非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪80年代，他是第一个只用自行车完成中国往返旅行 的人。名词person前面有the first修饰，需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to accomplish。18 .考

25、查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：61岁时，他被大学录取了，主修新闻专业。此 处陈述过去发牛.的事情，使用一般过去时，be admitted into为固定短语，意为“被录取”， 主语为he, be动词用was。故填was admittedo19 .考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，王住在乐山，在那里他每天都按照精心安排的H程生活。 空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词routines,二者为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。 故填 planned o20 .考查定语从句。句意：他每天早上6点开始学习，在此期间他阅读并从报纸上做笔记。 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作介词dur

26、ing的宾语， 需用关系代词which引导。故填whicho21 . A 22. D 23. D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项针对高中生和应届毕业生的选择性大学预科 课程：SHAPE。介绍了其课程特色以及申请要求。21 .细节理解题。根据第一段SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and malhcmatics.(SHAPE 是为具有 STEM：科学、技术、工程和数学 天赋的学生量身定制的)“可知，SHAPE适合在STEM领域有天赋的学生。故选A。

27、22 .细节理解题。根据第二段“SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to 答案笫3页，共11页be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.（SHAPE让学生对成为一名工程师意味着什么有了一个更现实的认识，它的 专业发展部分帮助学生发展他们到达那里所需的技能）”可知，在SHAPE,学生可以掌握工 程技能。故选D。23 .细

28、节理解题。根据 Application 部分中“Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.（个人陈述， 通过参与具有挑战性的课程、活动、项目等，展示对STEM的兴奋和兴趣）”可知，申请条件 中需要学生陈述自己参加过的有挑战性的课程、活动、项目，这能证明自己的学习能力，由 此可知，为了在SHAPE获得一席之地，学生需要证明自己的学习能力。故选D。24 . B 25. A

29、26. B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者因癌症失去了一条腿，在有一次去医院看望一 位生病的朋友时，作者受到了一个孩子的嘲笑，作者的妈妈告诉作者需要有人来教这些孩子 不能嘲笑别人的残疾，后来作者开始访问小学，教孩子们要尊重不一样的人，后来作者成为 了一名鼓舞人心的演说家和作家。24 .细节理解题。根据第二段的“Bui one thing shook me to a depth I had never experienced before. Two kids were playing in the hallway. As I passed by on my crutches （拐杖）,t

30、hey looked up at me, and suddenly, the little boy pointed at me. Look at that lady!,J It seemed that he was shouting loud enough for the entire hospital to hear. She only has one leg! Doesnt that look funny? （但有一件事让我感到前所未有的震惊。两个孩子在走廊里玩。当我拄着拐杖走过时， 他们抬头看着我，突然，那个小男孩指着我。“看那位女上！他的叫声似乎大到整个医院都 能听到。“她只有一条腿！

31、 “看起来是不是很有趣？ ）“可知，在医院时，让作者震惊的是一 个男孩喊出来的话，故选B。25 .推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的T knew what I had to do. Well, someone has to teach them I said. And I knew that someone would be me.（我知道我该怎么做。”嗯，总得有人教他们! ”我 说。我知道那个人就是我。）”和最后一段的“Speaking to children was just the beginning for me. I became an inspirational speaker and

32、author and learned that being grateful for all the remaining parts of me was the only way to start and end my day.（对我来说，对孩子们讲话只是个开始。我 成为了一名鼓舞人心的演说家和作家，并学会了对自己剩下的部分心存感激，这是开始和结 束一天的唯一方式。厂可知，在医院的经历使作者找到了自己的人生目标，故选A。26 .推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I shared my story in my book called I Am Choosing to Smile. I do, inde

33、ed, choose to smile. Waking up every morning, I look down at my one foot and say with all sincerity, *Good morning, five toes. Tm very glad to see you!”（我在我的书我选择微笑中 分享了我的故事。我的确选择微笑。每天早上醒来，我低头看着我的一只脚，真诚地说:“早 上好，五个脚趾。我很高兴见到你！ 可知，作者勇敢地面对自己的缺陷，因此他是勇敢 的，故选B。27 . C 28. D 29. B 30. A【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国一家植物

34、研究所的研究人员发现了一种方法，可 以为植物提供一种基于抗体的防御机制，以抵御一种特定的威肋，这可能会加速作物对任何 新出现的病毒或细菌的抗性的产生。27 .词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“a protein from the plant pathogen （病原体）to be targeted to a camel or other camel relatives, purify the unusually small antibodies the camels produce, and engineer the corresponding gene section fbr them into

35、a plants own immune gene（将植物病原体 中的一种蛋白质接种到骆驼或其他骆驼亲属，纯化骆驼产生的异常小的抗体，并将其相应的 基因片段转化为植物自身的免疫基因）”可知，要纯化骆驼产生的异常小的抗体，并将相应的 基因片段设计成植物自身的免疫基因，需要把一种来自植物病原体的蛋白质引入到骆驼或其 他骆驼的近亲身上，故画线词意思是“引入”。故选C。28 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Fanners lose many billions of dollars to plant diseases each year, and emerging pathogens pose new thre

36、ats to food security in the developing world. Plants have evolved their own immune system, kick-started by cell receptors that recognize general pathogen features, such as a bacterial cell wall, as well as intracellular receptors fbr molecules （分子） produced by specific pathogens. If a plant cell det

37、ects these molecules, it may trigger its own death to save the rest of the plant. But plant pathogens often evolve and escape from those receptors.（农民每年因植物病害损失数十亿美元，新出现的病原体对发展中国家的粮食安全 构成了新的威胁。植物己经进化出了自己的免疫系统，由识别一般病原体特征（如细菌细胞 壁）的细胞受体以及识别特定病原体产生的分子的细胞内受体启动。如果一个植物细胞检测 到这些分子，它可能会触发自己的死亡，以拯救植物的其余部分。但植物病原

38、体经常进化并 逃离这些受体户可推知，第二段的主要FI的是揭示为什么植物不能应对不断更新的疾病。故 选D。29 .细节理解题。根据最后一段“The exciting part about this technology is that we have the potential of made-to-order resistance genes and keeping up with a pathogen,M Kamounsays.（ Kamoun说：“这项技术令人兴奋的部分是，我们有可能定制抗性基因，并跟上病原体 的步伐。可知，纳米体可以帮助植物跟上病原体的变化。故选B。30 .细节理解题。根

39、据最后一段Ksenia Krasileva, a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, says the mixture of nano-bodies with plant immune receptors opens up a vast body of biomedical knowledge fbr plant scientists. t4We can now dig into all of that research and translate it to save crops.”（加州大学伯克利分校的科学家Ksenia

40、 Krasilcva说，纳米体与植物免疫受体 的混合为植物科学家开辟了一个庞大的生物医学知识体系。“我们现在可以深入研究所有这 些研究，并将其转化为拯救作物”）”可知，科学家将把研究结果应用到现实世界中。故选Ao 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。当涉及到下棋和围棋等游戏，或解决预测蛋白质结构等棘手的 科学挑战时，计算机远远领先于我们。但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术。作 者希望人工智能也能具备这种思维能力，实现人类与人工智能的交流。31 .推理判断题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they arent clo

41、se to mastering: mind reading.（但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术）”和第二段“Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means wc can anticipate other peoples actions and the consequences of our own.（人类有一种神秘的能力 来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行 为和自己

42、的后果）”和第三段的“For instance, if someone asks whether you arc going for a run and you reply its raining they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.（例如，如果有人问你 是否要跑步，而你回答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的）”可知，读心需 要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项“When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply “a sor

43、e throat”.（你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说 “喉咙痛）”、B 项When a teacher asks fbr a boys homework and he answers my dog ate it”.（当 老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说“我的狗吃了”户和D项“When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.（当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们 哭得更大声）”都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项When a mom tells her kid some food

44、is good for health and the kid eats il.（当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益 答案笫6页，共11页时，孩子就会吃户是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。32 .推理判断题。根据第三段“In humans, this capacity starts to develop at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance

45、, if someone asks whether you arc going for a run and you reply its raining”, they can quickly conclude that （he answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.（心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能 力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制 这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之

46、一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回 答“正在下雨”，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人 类偏好的背景知识）“可知，人类在一定程度上限制了人工智能的思维理论。故选B。33 .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yet we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain （heir goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas. W

47、hile letting AI form （he theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AL （然而,我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥 有种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和 欲望。虽然让人工智能在学

48、习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但 以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要）”可知，关于人 工智能，作者最看重的是它的推理能力，这样才能实现人类人工智能的交流。故选C。34 .主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段的“It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more （han just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更 有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意 识的机器）可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。 故A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Expected（期待人