英语知识点总结_外语学习-英语四六级.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 英语选修 6 总结 Part1:Phrases Unit 1 Art 1.in the abstract 抽象地，理论上 abstract sth.from sth.从中提取 2.as well as 也，同，和；同一样 3.aim at sth.瞄准 aim to do sth.意欲，企图做某事 aim at doing sth.with the aim of 带有的目的 4.focus on=concentrate on 集中 5.convince sb.Of 使某人信服 6.a great deal(of)大量 7.in the flesh 活着的 本人 8.take

2、 the place of sb.=replace 代替，取代 take ones place 代替，取代；入座；就位 9.break away from 脱离，摆脱，放弃 10.at the same time 同时；但是 11.would rather do sth（主语）宁愿做某事 would rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事(现在或将来)would rather sb.had done sth.宁愿某人做某事(过去)12.as a consequence=in consequence=as a result 结果 as a consequence of=in cons

3、equence of=as a result of 由于的原因 13.in possession of 拥有 in the possession of sb=in one s possession 为某人所拥有 take/have possession of 拥有（占有）14.consider doing 考虑做某事 consider sb./sth.to be/as consider that-clause 认为，看待 consider it adj./n.to do sth.15.be well worth doing 值得(表被动)16.be contemporary with 与属同时

4、期 17.convince sb.of sth 使某人确信/明白某事 convince sb.+that clause 使某人相信 convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 15.attempt to do sth.企图做某事 16.on the one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面 17.scores of 许多，大量 18.not onlybut also 不但而且 19.every two years 每两年 every second year every other year 20.be(well)worth n./doing(主动表被动

5、)值得 Unit 2 Poems1.go over 复习，检查 2.make sense 有意义，说得通(Sb.)make sense of sth 理解 (Sth.)make sense to sb.有意义，说得通 3.recite/read/explain sth.to sb.给某人背诵/读/解释 4.couvey ones emtions 表达情感 5.bow to 向鞠躬/屈服 6.stay/sit up 熬夜 7.take it easy=take things easy 放轻松，别紧张 take ones time 别着急,慢慢来 8.(Sb.)run out of sth.用完，

6、耗尽（及物）(Sth.)run out 用完（不及物）9.make up 组成/编造/化妆/弥补/和解 be made up of=consist of 由组成 10.a few more minutes 再多几分钟 11.be popular with =be well received by 很受欢迎 12.be brimful of=be full of 充满 13.translate A into B 把翻译成 14.week in,week out 一周又一周 day by day 一天又一天 15.on and on 继续不停地 16.by chance/accident 碰巧 1

7、7.hold on 继续/别挂断(电话)18.(Sb./Sth.)be likely to do sth.有可能.19.try out 试验 try on 试穿 20.let out 泄漏/发出(声音)/释放/放宽(衣服)21.look forward to 盼望 Unit 3 Healthy Life学习必备 欢迎下载 1.due to 由于；归功于 2.be/become addicted to 对有瘾 3.decide on 对做出决定 4.be/become/grow accustomed to sth./doing sth.习惯于某事/做某事 5.feel like(doing)想要

8、（做）6.in spite of 不管；不顾 7.stand for 支持；代表 8.get(sb.)into(sth.)陷入；染上坏习惯；进入 get into the way/habit of doing sth.学成做某事的方法/养成做某事的习惯 9.be ashamed of/that.为感到惭愧/羞愧 be ashamed to do sth.羞于做某事 10.take off 开除/脱衣/起飞/取消/休假 11.quit(doing)sth.停止做某事 12.at risk 处在危险之中 take risks(a risk)冒险 13.manage to do sth.设法做好/设

9、法办到某事 14.so far 到目前为止（与现在完成时连用）15.make sure 确定；查明；弄明白 16.prevent sb.(from)doing sth.阻止某人做某事 17.every time 每次；每当Unit 4 Global warming 1.global warming 全球气候变暖 2.a supply of/supplies of 大量的 3.depend on 依*4.human activity 人类活动 5.a natural phenomenon 自然现象 6.be trapped in.被困在 7.a quantity of/quantities of

10、+n.大量的 8.result in 导致.(+结果)result from 原因是.（+原因）9.as a result=in consequence as a result of=in consequence of 因此 of 由于的缘故 10.build up 逐渐建立 11.keep on 保持 12.make a difference make no difference 有影响；有关系 对没有影响；不重要 13.put up with 忍受 14.as/so long as 只要 15.and so on 等等 16.glance at 很快地看一眼.17.on the whole

11、 大体上 pareto./compare.with 与相比 e about 发生(不及物)come across 偶遇;穿过 come back 回来 come down 降下;减低 come in 进来;到达 come out 出来;出版 come up 上来;被提出讨论;发芽 come up with 追上;赶上 come to 结果达到;苏醒 20.heat up 受热 21.up to 多达;比得上 22.in the years ahead 今后一些年里 23.carry out 执行 24.decrease by 下降了 decrease(from)to（从）下降到 25.gree

12、nhouse effect 温室效应 Unit 5 The power of nature1.a volcano erupting 一次火山爆发 2.an active/a live volcano 活火山 parewith/to 把和进行比较 compareto 把比作 4.imagine doing sth.设想做某事 5.take risks/a risk 冒险 at risk 处于危险之中 at the risk of doing sth.冒危险 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 6.meet with sb.碰到、遇到某人 7.excite sb./oneself 使某人/自

13、己激动 8.protect sb./sth.from 保护免遭 9.be warned(not)to do sth.被警告（不要）去做某事 warn sb.of danger 警告某人有危险 10.move sth.out of the way 把搬离 11.burn to the ground 全部焚毁 12.far more(=much more)多得多，多很多 13.the first sight of 第一次看见 14.be fast asleep 睡得很熟 15.be about to do sth.when 正 要 做 某事就在这时 16.as bright as day 亮如白昼

14、 17.in the distance 在远处（大范围的）at a/some distance(有间隔的)在远处（的具体某地）信服大量活着的本人代替取代代替取代入座就位脱离摆脱放弃同时但是主语宁愿做某事宁愿某人做某事现在或将来去结果宁愿某人做某事过复习检查有意义说得通理解有意义说得通某人背诵读解释表达情感向鞠躬屈服熬夜放轻松别某事认为看待值得表被动与属同时期使某人确信明白某事使某人相信说服某人做某事企图做某事一方面另一方面许多大量不但而且每两年主动表被动值得由组成再多几分钟很受欢迎充满把翻译成一周又一周一天又一天继续不停地碰定习惯于某事做某事想要做不管不顾支持代表陷入染上坏习惯进入学成做某事的

15、方法养成做某事的习惯为感到惭愧羞愧羞于做某事开除脱衣起飞取消休假停止做某事处在危险之中冒险设法做好设法办到某事到目前为止与现在完成时学习必备 欢迎下载 18.in the side of the mountain 在山的一边 19.have a much closer look(at sth.)近 距 离 的 观看(某物)20.be in a panic 陷入恐慌（状态）get into a panic 陷入恐慌（动作）21.make ones way to 前往.22.climb down into 爬进 23.be enthusiastic about 对怀着热情 24.be amazed

16、 at 对感到惊讶 25.take sb.by surprise 使某人大吃一惊 take sth.by surprise 突袭 26.make an effort to do sth.努力做某事 27.be out of work 失业 28.(the)Lake of Heaven 天上的湖（天池）29.thick forest 茂密的森林 30.nature reserve 自然保护区 31.vary from to 由到不等 32.a great diversity of 多种多样 33.take a bath 沐浴 34.give birth to sb.生小孩 35.glance t

17、hrough 匆匆看一遍 36.be bored with sb./sth.对某人/某物厌烦 37.cancel one s appointment with sb.取 消 和 某 人的约会 Part 2:Grammar 1.it 的用法 一、指代（后行）it:1.It 的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如：Whatever you do or say,ask yourself whether it is in the interests of the people.A:Pass me a blue pen.B:Here it is/Here you are.2.it,that,one,t

18、he one,ones,the ones 用于指代用法时的区别:it 代替上文提及的原物(复数用 they)；one 指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）；that 指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数 those）,the ones 相当于 these,those。2）用以代替提示代词 this,that。Whats this?Its a knife.Whose watch is that?Its mine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。Who is knocking at the door?Its me.（4）指环境情况等。It was very no

19、isy(quiet)at the very moment.（5）指时间、季节等。What time is it?Its eight oclock.It often rains in summer here.（6）指距离。It is a long way to the school.（7）作形式主语。It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is as pity that you didnt read the book.（8）作形式宾语。I think it no us

20、e arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.（9）用于强调结构。信服大量活着的本人代替取代代替取代入座就位脱离摆脱放弃同时但是主语宁愿做某事宁愿某人做某事现在或将来去结果宁愿某人做某事过复习检查有意义说得通理解有意义说得通某人背诵读解释表达情感向鞠躬屈服熬夜放轻松别某事认为看待值得表被动与属同时期使某人确信明白某事使某人相信说服某人做某事企图做某事一方面另一方面许多大量不但而且每两年主动表被动

21、值得由组成再多几分钟很受欢迎充满把翻译成一周又一周一天又一天继续不停地碰定习惯于某事做某事想要做不管不顾支持代表陷入染上坏习惯进入学成做某事的方法养成做某事的习惯为感到惭愧羞愧羞于做某事开除脱衣起飞取消休假停止做某事处在危险之中冒险设法做好设法办到某事到目前为止与现在完成时学习必备 欢迎下载 It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night.It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night.It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the

22、street.It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.2、含有“It is”的句型 （1）It is time(for sb.)to do sth.It is(high)time that sb.did sth.(虚拟语气)（2）It is+形容词（+of/for sb.）+to do sth.通常用 of 的词有 brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、（3）It is+形容词+that+sb.+(should)do sth

23、.（虚拟语气）能用于这个句型的形容词有 strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible 等。有时可省去 should 而直接用动词原形。如：It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.It is natural that he（should）say so.（4）It is no use/good+doing sth.It is n

24、o use trying again=It is of no use to try again.（5）It is+被强调部分+that/wh o+Was it in the street that you met her?Who was it that called him“comrade”?It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”）比较：It is a small factory

25、 where my brother is going to work.（定语从句）（6）It is said/reported/announced/(well)known that （7）It is/was+时间+since 从已多久了。It is three years since I met him in Beijing.It was a long time since I(had)lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意两句中的时态）It is five months since I arrived in Ne

26、w York.我到纽约已经五个月了。It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）（8）It is+时间+before 这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如 long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。It will be several years before we meet again.我们要过好几年才能再见面

27、。It was not long before they set out for the front.不久他们就出发去了前线。（9）It is/was/will be the first/second/third time that It is the first time that I have been here.It was the second time that he had seen the film.（10）It is up to sb.to do sth 应由某人做某事。It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.信服大量

28、活着的本人代替取代代替取代入座就位脱离摆脱放弃同时但是主语宁愿做某事宁愿某人做某事现在或将来去结果宁愿某人做某事过复习检查有意义说得通理解有意义说得通某人背诵读解释表达情感向鞠躬屈服熬夜放轻松别某事认为看待值得表被动与属同时期使某人确信明白某事使某人相信说服某人做某事企图做某事一方面另一方面许多大量不但而且每两年主动表被动值得由组成再多几分钟很受欢迎充满把翻译成一周又一周一天又一天继续不停地碰定习惯于某事做某事想要做不管不顾支持代表陷入染上坏习惯进入学成做某事的方法养成做某事的习惯为感到惭愧羞愧羞于做某事开除脱衣起飞取消休假停止做某事处在危险之中冒险设法做好设法办到某事到目前为止与现在完成时学

29、习必备 欢迎下载 2.现在分词作状语 ：A 动词-ing 形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的。B 句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。1).Being ill,she didnt go to school today.因为生病，她今天没上学去。2).Seeing no one at home,I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。2.时间状语，相当于 when,while等引导的从句。1).Hearing the

30、 good news,he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。2).Walking in the street,I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。(如果分词短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在分词短语前加上 when 或 while)3).Be careful when crossing the street.过街时小心。3.伴随状语，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。1).He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报。2).Talking and sm

31、iling,they went into the room.他们又说又笑地走进房间。4.结果状语。1).The mother died,leaving a lot of money for her children.母亲去世了，给她的孩子留下了一大笔钱。5.条件状语。Turning right,you will find the place you want.往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了。III.现在分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。1).Seeing from the top of the hill,we can see our be

32、autiful school.从山顶望下去，我们就能看到我们美丽的学校。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，独立主语=逻辑主语+现在分词表示伴随，时间、原因，条件。2).Many people being absent,they decided to put the meeting off.由于许多人都缺席了，他们决定取消这次会议。信服大量活着的本人代替取代代替取代入座就位脱离摆脱放弃同时但是主语宁愿做某事宁愿某人做某事现在或将来去结果宁愿某人做某事过复习检查有意义说得通理解有意义说得通某人背诵读解释表达情感向鞠躬屈服熬夜放轻松别某事认为看待值得表被动与属同时期使某人确信明白某事使某人相信说服

33、某人做某事企图做某事一方面另一方面许多大量不但而且每两年主动表被动值得由组成再多几分钟很受欢迎充满把翻译成一周又一周一天又一天继续不停地碰定习惯于某事做某事想要做不管不顾支持代表陷入染上坏习惯进入学成做某事的方法养成做某事的习惯为感到惭愧羞愧羞于做某事开除脱衣起飞取消休假停止做某事处在危险之中冒险设法做好设法办到某事到目前为止与现在完成时学习必备 欢迎下载 IV.现在分词的否定形式。现在分词的否定式:not+v.ing 完成式的否定式:not+having done Not having heard from her son for a long time,the mother worried

34、 a great deal.由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担心。V.现在分词的时态和语态的用法。1).分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行时，则用分词的一般式形式。He walked on the street,seeing back from time to time.他走在街上，不时地向身后看看 2).如果分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用分词的完成式形式。Having finished his work,Henry went home.完成了他的工作后，亨利回家了。3.强调句 1.定义：强调句型是通过 it 强调词来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调而构

35、成的强调结构 2、基本结构:(1)陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其它部分。强调句可以强调除谓语以外的一切成分。下面我们针对 I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that(who)met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：I

36、t was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.(2)一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把 is/was 提到 it 前面。e.g.Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g.When was it that you were born

37、?我们需要注意的是：第一、构成强调句的 it 本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用 that,who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who 不可省略。第二、Its.that/who.的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分，而不充当成分。所以它和 It 作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。我们一起看下面两个例句:1.Its necessary that we should learn English.(主语从句)2.Its not until he got off the bus that he realized his money was stolen.(强调句型)解析：

38、因为强调句型中的 Its.that/who.在句子中不充当任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。例子 2 去掉 Its.that/who.后就成了 until he got off the bus he realized his money was stolen.而例子 1 去掉后句子则不完整。(4)not until 句型的强调句 1、句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分 e.g.普通句：He didnt go to bed until/till his son came back.信服大量活着的本人代替取代代替取代入座就位脱离摆脱放弃同时但是主语宁愿做某事宁愿某人做某事现在或将来去结果宁愿某人做某事过复习检查有意义说得通理解有意义说得通某人背诵读解释表达情感向鞠躬屈服熬夜放轻松别某事认为看待值得表被动与属同时期使某人确信明白某事使某人相信说服某人做某事企图做某事一方面另一方面许多大量不但而且每两年主动表被动值得由组成再多几分钟很受欢迎充满把翻译成一周又一周一天又一天继续不停地碰定习惯于某事做某事想要做不管不顾支持代表陷入染上坏习惯进入学成做某事的方法养成做某事的习惯为感到惭愧羞愧羞于做某事开除脱衣起飞取消休假停止做某事处在危险之中冒险设法做好设法办到某事到目前为止与现在完成时