虚拟语气学案精讲精练习题_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

《虚拟语气学案精讲精练习题_中学教育-高考英语.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《虚拟语气学案精讲精练习题_中学教育-高考英语.pdf（4页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、学习必备 欢迎下载 虚拟语气：是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想，而非客观事实。一 虚拟语气在非真实条件句 从句 主句 例句 与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+助动词的过去式（were,did,had）主语+should/would/could/might+动 词原形 If I had time,I would attend the meeting.If I were you,I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设 If+主语+had+过去分词 主 语+should/would/coul

2、d/might+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形 If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)主语+should/would/could/might+动 词原形 If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow,we would put off the sports meeting.I

3、f he should not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next Monday.1.错综时间条件句（混合条件句）主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。If you had asked him yesterday,you would know what to do now.If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.1.虚拟语气倒装形式（省略 if）虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were,sho

4、uld,had 可以将 if 省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus.If it should rain,the crops would be saved.Should it rain,the crops would be saved.

5、注：在倒装时，不能有缩略形式：Werent it for the expense(*)Were it not for the expense 2.介词短语代替条件状语从句 常用词：with,but for,without What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars)We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(=if we hadnt got your help)Without your help,we co

6、uldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,=If it had not been for your help,=Had it not been for you help,3.含蓄条件句 有在虚拟语气中并不总是出现 if 引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or

7、 I would have known nothing about it.(连词)A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)I might have given you more help,but I was too busy.(连词)Everything taken into consideration,they would have raised their output quickly.(独立主格结构)二虚拟语气在名词性从句 1.虚拟语气用于宾语从句：在由 suggest,demand

8、,require,request,insist,order,command,propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律名词从句虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省去。（特别提醒：不是用 would,而是用should。）常见的这类动词有:ask 要求,advise,beg,suggest 建议,command 命令,demand 要Our teacher suggested that we(should)not leave the classroo

9、m.老师建议我们不要离开教室。求，request 请求,insist,require 要求,order下令,propose,advice,recommend,intend,prefer 宁愿,permit,persuade,expect,decide决 定,instruct,object,determine,urge,appoint 等等 He insisted that she do it right now.他坚持她马上就做。在It is/was+上述动词的-ed形式+that从句中 It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up s

10、moking.医生建议我戒烟。当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时 My suggestion is that we(should)set out tomorrow morning.我建议我们明早动身。The suggestion that the sports meeting(should)put off 2.虚拟语气用于主语从句：在 a pity,a shame,no wonder,strange,sorry,necessary,natural,impossible,important 后面 that 引导的主语从句总要使用 should+动词原形，

11、should 可以被省略，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等含义。在 It is/was necessary,important 等形容词+that从 句 中，常 见 的 这 类 形 容 词有:necessary,important,essential,vital,advisable,urgent,desirable,natural,strange,imperative 等 It is necessary that you should attend the meeting.你有必要参加会议。It is imperative that you arrive there in time.你必须按

12、时到达那儿。在 It is a pity(a shame,no wonder)+that从句中 It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no wonder he be late for class.3.虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句，从句中同样使用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略。这些名词有 advice,demand,plan,eida,order,request,proposal,suggestion等。We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing fo

13、r sightseeing.My idea is that we should do exercises first.三 虚拟语气的其他用法（接第 8 页 33 题）34.A few minutes earlier and we _ the train.A.have caught B.had caught C.could have caught D.were to catch 35.I _ you some money,but I hadnt any on me then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lent 3

14、6.She made the demand that she _ at once.A.leave B.leaves C.left D.to be left 37.The young man insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ free.A.did,set B.had done,should be set C.do,be set D.had done,must be set 38._ I be free tomorrow,I could go with you.A.Could B.Should C.Might D.Must 学习必备 欢迎下载 虚拟语气精练

15、习题学案 Part One 1.He ought to have handed in his homework early this morning.Thats what he _.A.should be doing B.should do C.should have done D.would 2.Mr.White had never thought that their only son _ sell drugs and be sent to _ prison.A.should./B.should.the C.would.,the D.could/3.His order is that ev

16、eryone _ their own work in time.A.completed B.must complete C.completes D.complete 4.I wish you _ the college entrance examination.A.passed B.had passed C.should pass D.have passed 5._ for your help,we might have lost our ways in the forest.A.Were it not B.Had it not been C.Had it been D.Were it 6.S

17、he is in such deep sorrow at the sad news.You_ her about it so soon.A.mustnt have told B.shouldnt have told C.mustnt tell D.shouldnt tell 7.What did your English teacher suggest to you?He suggested that I _ speaking English with my classmates from time to time.A.should have practiced B.practise C.pr

18、acticed D.would practise 8.Did you see the basketball game last night?No,I _ to have seen it,but I was busy then.A.had liked B.would like C.liked D.like 9.Youre very selfish.Its high time you _ that you _ not the person for the job A.do realize are B.realizedare C.realizeare D.realizedwere 10.We _ l

19、ast night,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study 11.The city government orders that a medical team _ to the front at once.A.was sent B.ought to send C.be sent D.would be sent 12.If you had seen him last time,you _ what to do now.A.wou

20、ld have known B.should have known C.would know D.may know 在wish 后面的宾语从句中 对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时 I wish I were a little younger.我希望我能够年轻一点。对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)或“would/could+现在完成时”I wish I had been there.我真希望我当时在那里。I wish I had not attended that party.我真希望我当时没参加那个聚会。对 将 来 的 虚 拟，从 句 的 谓 语 用“would

21、/could+动词原形”I wish he could explain what he means.在 if only 感叹句中 表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法和 wish 基本相同，只是比 wish 具有更强烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop.(对将来的虚拟)但愿雨能停。If only I were taller.(对现在的虚拟)我的个子要是能高一点就好了。If only I had followed your advice!(对过去的虚拟)要是我听从了你的建议就好了！在as if/as though 引导的从句中 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，

22、谓语用过去时 I really dont like the way you are speaking to me.It seems as if you were my father.我真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起来就好像是我爸爸。表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时 He kept telling us what had happened as if he had been there himself.他不停地和我们讲发生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实性或可能性 It is becoming dark.It looks as if its going

23、to rain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。It seems as if he had been to America.他好像去过美国。在 would rather 结构中 would rather do sth.表示将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow.我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight.他今晚不想在家呆着。would rather have done sth.表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”She would rather not ha

24、ve gone to the party.她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。would rather sb.did 表示的是将来或现在的事件，“主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事”Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next weekend.明天就别来了，我希望你下周末过来。would rather sb.had done 表示过去的事件，“主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没有做”I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。在 It is(about,high)time+(tha

25、t)从句中 从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味。It is high time that we began to work.咱们应该开始干活了。实条件句从句主句主语动词原形例句主语助动词的过去式学习必备欢迎下载求请求要求下令宁愿决定等等在上述动词的形式从句中当上述动词以其名词形式出现并且被用作主语引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时他坚持她马上就做表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等含义在等形容词从句中常见的这类形容词你有必要参加会议有你必须按时到达那儿等在从句中虚拟语气用于表语从句同位语从句从句中同样使用动词原形可以省略这些名词有等三虚拟语气的其他用法词原形主语动词过去式主语动词原形

26、主语动词原形注意不能是错综时间条件句混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同虚拟语气倒装形式省略虚拟条件句的从句部分如学习必备 欢迎下载 13.What should we do _ tomorrow?A.should it snow B.would it snow C.snow D.will snow 14.Li Ping is waiting alone in the reading-room,you _ her yesterday about the matter.A.ought to tell B.must have told C.o

27、ught to have told D.should tell 15.It is essential that ways and means to protect the environment _as soon as possible.A.be adopted B.have be adopted C.will be adopted D.will adopt 16.Had you listened to the doctor,you _ all right now.A.are B.were C.would be D.would have been 17.It is of the most im

28、portance that you _here on time.A.be B.would be C.must be D.are to be 18.How about a trip to London?_the expense,I _go.A.If it were notshould B.Were it not for would C.Werent it ifwould D.If it hadnt been for could 19._ your arrival,Id have met you at the railway station.A.If I know B.Should I know

29、C.If I had known D.If I know 20.Our demand is that another experiment _.A.shall be made B.will be made C.must be made D.be made 21.You _ me earlier if you did not like your house bought last month.A.would tell B.had told C.told D.would have told 22.It is not likely that Jack is unfriendly,so he _ yo

30、u when you called.A.should not have seen B.had not seen C.could not have seen D.did not seen 23.But for the doctors,the patients _ A.did not recover well B.had not well recovered C.has not recovered so well D.would not have recovered so well 24.Had it been a meaningful meeting,I _ it at all.A.wouldn

31、t have missed B.would have missed C.would have missed D.wouldnt miss 25.When I took the dictionary back to Maria,she said coldly,“You _ it earlier,for I _ it at any time.”A.should have returnedmight use B.should returnmight have used C.could have returnedmight have used D.might returnmight have used

32、 26.I _ to go to your help,but I had to _an important meeting.A.have planned have attended B.had planned attend C.plannedhave attended D.planned be attending 27.He _ the 5:30 train because he didnt lea ve until 5:35.A.mustnt have caught B.could not have caught C.cant have caught D.mustnt catch 28.Fa

33、ther insisted that _ before nine in the evening.A.they should back B.they ought to be back C.they be back D.they had to be back 29.He _ full marks,but he was so careless _ a spelling mistake.A.could gain to make B.could have gained to make C.should have gained and be made D.could have gainedas to ma

34、ke 30.You shouldnt have asked the boy to run across the street to buy cigarettes,he _ by a passing car.A.maybe knocked down B.should have been knocked off C.might have been knocked down D.will have been knocked down Part Two 1.If she had worked harder,she_.A.would succeed B.had succeeded C.should su

35、cceed D.would have succeeded 2.I wish I_ you yesterday.A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 3.If my lawyer_ here last Saturday,he_ me from going.A.had been,would have prevented B.had been.would prevent C.were,would prevent D.were,would have prevented 4.Without electricity human life_ quite diff

36、erent today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 5.If he_,he_ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned,would not take B.had been warned,would not have taken C.would be warned,had not taken 实条件句从句主句主语动词原形例句主语助动词的过去式学习必备欢迎下载求请求要求下令宁愿决定等等在上述动词的形式从句中当上述动词以其名词形式出现并且被用

37、作主语引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时他坚持她马上就做表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等含义在等形容词从句中常见的这类形容词你有必要参加会议有你必须按时到达那儿等在从句中虚拟语气用于表语从句同位语从句从句中同样使用动词原形可以省略这些名词有等三虚拟语气的其他用法词原形主语动词过去式主语动词原形主语动词原形注意不能是错综时间条件句混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同虚拟语气倒装形式省略虚拟条件句的从句部分如学习必备 欢迎下载 D.would have been warned,had not taken 6.I told Sally how to

38、get there,but perhaps 1 _ for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 7.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 8.When a pencil is partly in a glass of wate

39、r,it looks as if it_ A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 9.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _so tired.A.drove,didnt get B.drove,wouldnt get C.were driving,wouldnt D.had driven,wouldnt have got 10.If I had_,Id visit Europe,stopping at all the small interesting places.A.a l

40、ong enough holiday B.an enough long holiday C.a holiday enough long D.a long holiday enough 11.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.should be B.would be C.have been D.had been 12._it rain tomorrow,we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 13.Wi

41、thout the air to hold some of the suns heat,the earth at night _,too cold for us to live.A.would be freezing B.will be freezing C.would be frozen cold D.can freeze coldly 14.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.A.lies B.lay C.had lain D.should lie 15.We could

42、 have gone there by bus.Yes,otherwise we _ late.A.werent B.hadnt been C.couldnt be D.couldnt have been 16.The teacher demanded that the exam_ before eleven.A.must finish B.would be finished C.be finished D.must be finished 17.I wouldnt have succeeded_ for his help then.A.hadnt it been B.were it not

43、C.had it been not D.had it not been 18.If it _for the snow,we _ the mountain yesterday.A.were not,could have climbed B.were not.could climb C.had not been,could have climbed D.had not been,could climb 19.Yesterday,Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she_ something she would regret later.A

44、.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said 20.Id rather he_ here.A.come B.comes C.came D.will come 21.Its high time you_ there.A.go B.went C.would go D.would have gone 22.If he had listened carefully,he _ the problem now.A.can work out B.could work out C.could have worked out D.can have worked o

45、ut 23.If only I _ as young as you are!A.being B.am C.be D.were 24.It is necessary that he_ there in time.A.is B.was C.were D.be 25.My advice is that he_ there at once.A.go B.goes C.went D.going 26.What should we do if it_tomorrow?A.should snow B.would snow C.snow D.will snow 27.He _ the test,but he

46、wasnt careful enough.A.could have passed B.were able to pass C.must have passed D.might be able to pass 28.Have you ever been to Beijing?No,but I wish I_.A.have B.will C.do D.had 29.Mother suggested we _ TV before we have finished our homework.A.not watching B.not to watch C.didnt watch D.not watch

47、30.The doctors words suggested that the old man _ seriously ill.A.be B.was C.were D.to be 31.Our English teacher insisted that it _ important to study English well.A.be B.was C.is D.to he 32.If you _ at school,you _ a college student now.A.had studied hard,would have been B.should have studied hard,

48、should have been C.had studied hard.would be D.would study hard,must have been 33.We could have walked to the station,it was so near.Yes.A taxi _at all necessary.A.wasnt B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wont be 实条件句从句主句主语动词原形例句主语助动词的过去式学习必备欢迎下载求请求要求下令宁愿决定等等在上述动词的形式从句中当上述动词以其名词形式出现并且被用作主语引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时他坚持她马上就做表示惊奇不相信惋惜理应如此等含义在等形容词从句中常见的这类形容词你有必要参加会议有你必须按时到达那儿等在从句中虚拟语气用于表语从句同位语从句从句中同样使用动词原形可以省略这些名词有等三虚拟语气的其他用法词原形主语动词过去式主语动词原形主语动词原形注意不能是错综时间条件句混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同虚拟语气倒装形式省略虚拟条件句的从句部分如