英语反义疑问句及现在完成时态讲解_外语学习-GRE.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 反意疑问句讲解 1.前肯（定）+后否（定）？一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致。如：1。You can do it,can t you?2.They are very late for the meeting,arent they?3.He has supper at home every day,doesnt he?(不能用hasnt he?)4.They have known the matter,havent they?5.They wi ll go to town soon,wont they?6.He worked very hard,d

2、id nt he?他过去工作很努力，对吧？Yes,he did.No,he didn t.是的，他很努力。不，他工作不努力。二前否（定）+后肯（定）？反意疑问句的陈述部分含有 not no，nothing,no one,never,hardly,little,few，seldom 等表否定的词。变反意疑问句时要用前否（定）+后肯（定）？如：1.He isn t playing football now,is he?2.She never tells a lie,does she?(不用 doesnt she?)3.I have few books,do I?4,He was seldom la

3、te,was he?(不用 wasnt he?)5.There is little water in the bag,is there?6.Nothing is in the room,is it?房间里什么也没有，是吗?7,The boys and girls have never been to Chongqing,have they?孩子们从未去过重庆，对吧？三由 un-,im-,in-,dis-,等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。如：Your father is unhappy,isnt he?(不能用 is he?)The man is dis

4、honest,isnt he?(不能用 is he?)It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words,isnt it?(不能用 is it?)四 反意疑问句的陈述部分为 I am时，问句部分习惯上用 arent I？表示。如：I am a very honest man,arent I?五 反意疑问句的陈述部分为 I(We)think(believe,suppose,consider)+that 从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与 that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：I think that he has don

5、e his best,hasnt he?We think that English is very useful,isnt it?(不用 dont we?)八反意疑问句的陈述部分为 I(We)dont think(believe,suppose,consider)+that 从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与 that 从句保持一致且用肯定式。如：I dont think that you ca n do it,can you?(不用 do I?)We dont believe that the news is true,is it?(不用 do we?)九 反 意 疑 问 句

6、的 陈 述 部 分 为 非 第 一 人 称 主 语+think(believe,suppose,consider)+that 从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：They all think that English is very important,dont they?(不用 isnt it?)He didnt think that the news was true,did he?(不用wasnt/was it?)十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said(told,reported,asked)+that 从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和

7、主语保持一致。如：They said that you had finished your work,didnt they?(不用 hadnt you)Kate told you that she would go there,didnt she?(不用wouldnt she?)十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词 something,anything,nothing,everything 时，问句部分的主语用 it。如：Something is wrong with the computer,isnt it?Nothing has happened to them,has it?十二、陈述部分的主

8、语为不定代词 somebody(someone),anybody(anyone),nobody(no one),everybody(everyone)时，问句部分的主语用 he 或 they，这时问句动词的数应和 he或 they 一致。如：Someone has taken the seat,hasnt he?Everyone has done their best in the game,havent they?十三。This is a pen,isn t it?(不能说 isnt this?)That is a book,isn t it?(不能说 isnt that?)These/Th

9、ose are maps,aren t they?(不能说 arent these/those?)十四、陈述部分为 Let us时，问句部分习惯上用 will you?形式。如：Let us stop to rest,will you?十五、陈述部分为 Lets 时，问句部分习惯上用 shall we?形式。如：Lets go home together,shall we?十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一般用 will you?形式表示请求，用 wont you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。如：Do sit down,wont you?/will you?Please open

10、the window,will you?(wont you?)十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用 will you?形式。如：Dont make any noise,will you?十八、陈述部分为 There(Here)+be+主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?形式。如：There are two cakes on the plate,arent there?Here is a story about Mark Twain,isnt here?十九、陈述部分用 had better+原形动词表示建议时，问句部分用 hadnt+主语？形式。Youd better te

11、ll him about the matter,hadnt you?We had better do it by ourselves,hadnt we?二十、陈述部分用 used to+主语时，问句部分用 didnt+主语？或 usednt+主语？形式。如：He used to live in the country,didnt he?/usednt he?They used to be good friends,didnt they?/usednt they?二十一、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主语用 it 代替。如：To do one good deed is easy for

12、 a person,isnt it?Skating is your favorite sport,isnt it?二十二。反义疑问句的回答 1.The door is open now,isn t it?Yes,it is.门现在是开着的，是吗?是的，是开着的。2.The girl hasn t been to Chongqing,has she?Yes,she has./No,she hasn t.这个女孩没来过重庆，对吗/是吗?不，来过。/是的，没来过 3.He has little money,_ _?他几乎没钱了,对吗?Yes,_ _.不，他有钱。_,_ _.是的，他几乎没钱了。学习必

13、备 欢迎下载 初中英语现在完成时的用法及专项练习 have(has)+过去分词 1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad.(含义是:现在已在此地)2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与 for,since

14、 连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,lately 等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet 4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间

15、状语连用,如 often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion 等:Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times.It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 now,up to these few d

16、ays/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,now,just,today,up to present,so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our t

17、wo countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.6.现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上 for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.Thomas has studied Russian.(现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years.(=Thomas began to study Russian t

18、hree years ago,and is still studying it now.(同第 2 点用法第一个例句)7.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.=现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1.现在完成时的 完成用法 现在完成时的 完成用法 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时 完成用法

19、 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently 等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once 等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状 语(如：this morning month year.，today 等)连用。例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2.现在完成时的 未完成用法 现在完成时的 未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿

20、。(动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由 since或 for 引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续

21、时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：主语 have/has been for 短语 It is一段时间 since 从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或 It is three years since he joined the League.他入团已三年了 现在完成时专项练习 一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.（呼和浩特）.knew.hav

22、e known.must know.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?.already.never.ever.still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？.just.ago.before.a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.is writing.was writing.wrote.has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.has

23、 changed;well.changed;good.has changed;better.changed;better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.用他过去工作很努力对吧是的他很努力不他工作不努力二前否定后肯定反意疑问句的陈述部分含有等表否定的词变反意疑问句时要用前否定后肯定如不用不用房间里什么也没有是吗孩子们从未去过重庆对吧三由等否定意义的前缀构 句部分习惯上用表示如五反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时问句部分的动词及主语与从句内的动词和主语保持一致如不用八反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时从句为否定意义问句部分的动词和主语仍与从

24、句保持一致且用肯定式如不用不 致如不用不用十反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语从句时问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如欢迎下载不用不用十一陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部分的主语用如十二陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部学习必备 欢迎下载.was;studying.will;study.has;studied.are;studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.know.had known.have known.knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.will

25、 see.have seen.saw.see 9、These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?.will they go.did they go.do they go.have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.Did;do;finished.Have;done;finished.Have;done;have finished.will;do;finish 11、His father _ the Party since

26、 1978.joined.has joined.was in.has been in 12、Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.were.have been.have become.have made 13、How long have you _ here?About two e.arrived 14、Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.has begun.had begun.has been on.began 15、It _ ten years since he left t

27、he army.is.has.will.was 16、Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.has gone.went.will go.has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years.have been in.have been to.have gone to.have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so they B.dont they C.have they D.havent they 19、has Mr Wh

28、ite been a member of Greener China since he to China?A.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived 20、His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come here B.has started to work C.has lived there D.has left the university 二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here si

29、nce 2000.(对划线部分提问)have they been here?3、The old man _ last year.He for a year.(die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.（同义句）Her mother

30、_ the Party three years _.7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)_ 三、汉译英。1、吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父亲以前到过长城。4、她还没有看过那部新电影。5、她去过上海。用他过去工作很努力对吧是的他很努力不他工作不努力二前否定后肯定反意

31、疑问句的陈述部分含有等表否定的词变反意疑问句时要用前否定后肯定如不用不用房间里什么也没有是吗孩子们从未去过重庆对吧三由等否定意义的前缀构 句部分习惯上用表示如五反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时问句部分的动词及主语与从句内的动词和主语保持一致如不用八反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时从句为否定意义问句部分的动词和主语仍与从句保持一致且用肯定式如不用不 致如不用不用十反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语从句时问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如欢迎下载不用不用十一陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部分的主语用如十二陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部学习必备 欢迎下载 6、他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一

32、、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。3、C 4、现在完成时常与 recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算

33、的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选 D。5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或 since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选 C。7、C 8、现在完成时还与 once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8 应选 B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在

34、有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday,last week,a moment ago 等）连用。故 9 的正确答案为B。10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故 11 的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to+地

35、点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故 16 的正确答案为 A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型转换。1、has he?2、How long 3、died,has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 7、It is,since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already.He is free now.2、He received a letter yester

36、day.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？现在完成时专项练习 一、根据下列所给问题，选出恰当的答案。1.Kates never seen Chinese films,?A.hasnt she B.has she C.isnt she D.is she 2.Mum,may I go out and play basketball?-you your home

37、work yet?A.Do,finish B.Are,finishing C.Did,finish D.Have,finished 3.Tom the CD player for two weeks.A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had 4.I from him since he left.A.didnt receive B.havent got C.didnt have D.havent heard 5.Have you ever Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes,I have

38、.A.went to B.gone to C.been in D.been to 6.My parents Shandong for ten years.A.have been in B.have been to C.have gone to D.have been 7.I wont go to the concert because I my ticket.A.lost B.dont lose C.have lost D.is coming 二用所给单词的适当形式天空。1.I(be)to shanghai for several time.2.What you(do)yesterday?3.

39、I(make)a cake.4.You(make)a kite,have you?5.-you to Beijing?(be)-yes,I have.三 1 In English class,Li Ming_(study)English words every day.Yesterday we_(study)the word exam.They_(study)the word examalredy,and now they can use it!2 My mother_(tell)me the story before.3 Mrs.Brown_(teach)us a lot about soc

40、ial studies since September.4 The young man_(write)three bopks in the past two years.All of them are very popular.He_(write)the first one in 2001.5 She_(paint)pictures for ten years.参 考 答 案 用他过去工作很努力对吧是的他很努力不他工作不努力二前否定后肯定反意疑问句的陈述部分含有等表否定的词变反意疑问句时要用前否定后肯定如不用不用房间里什么也没有是吗孩子们从未去过重庆对吧三由等否定意义的前缀构 句部分习惯上用表

41、示如五反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时问句部分的动词及主语与从句内的动词和主语保持一致如不用八反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时从句为否定意义问句部分的动词和主语仍与从句保持一致且用肯定式如不用不 致如不用不用十反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语从句时问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如欢迎下载不用不用十一陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部分的主语用如十二陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部学习必备 欢迎下载 17 B D D D D A C 1.have been 2.did,do 3.am making 4.haven t made 5.Have,been.1 studies studied

42、have studied 2 told 3.has taught 4.wrote 5.has painted 用他过去工作很努力对吧是的他很努力不他工作不努力二前否定后肯定反意疑问句的陈述部分含有等表否定的词变反意疑问句时要用前否定后肯定如不用不用房间里什么也没有是吗孩子们从未去过重庆对吧三由等否定意义的前缀构 句部分习惯上用表示如五反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时问句部分的动词及主语与从句内的动词和主语保持一致如不用八反意疑问句的陈述部分为从句时从句为否定意义问句部分的动词和主语仍与从句保持一致且用肯定式如不用不 致如不用不用十反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语从句时问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如欢迎下载不用不用十一陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部分的主语用如十二陈述部分的主语为不定代词时问句部