英语高考必备句型_外语学习-英语写作.pdf

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1、高考英语必考 40 个重点句型大汇总 句型 1 would rather that somebody did“宁愿;更愿意”（表示现在或将来的愿望）would rather that somebody had done“宁愿;更愿意”（表示过去的愿望）例句 I d rather you posted the letter right now.我想让你现在去寄信。I d rather you were not a celebrated actor.In that case，we could spend more time together.我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起

2、。I d rather that I hadn t seen her yesterday.我情愿昨天没有看到她。句型 2 as if/though+主语+did/had done 好像（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时）参考句型 4 例句 Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children，so all the students in our class think highly of her.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.Alan谈起罗马来就

3、好像他去过那里似的。句型 3“wish+宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do 例句 How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves！我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！I failed in the maths exam.How I wish I hadn t wasted so much time playing！What a pity you can t go to the party.Ho

4、w I wish I could dance with you at the party！句型 4 It s high/about time that somebody did（should do）（should 通常不省略）早就该 例句 It s time that you went to school.=It s time that you should go to school.It s high time that we did something to improve our environment.该是我们为环保做些事情了。I think it s high time that s

5、he made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。句型 5 情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法 could have done“本来可以”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。might have done“本来可能;本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done“本来该做某事”（而实际未做）should not/ought not to have done“本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）needn t have done“本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）would rather have done“当时宁愿做了某事”（实

6、际没有做过）;否定式 would rather not have done 表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。句型 6 as，though，although 引导的让步状语从句。注意 although 位于句首;though 位于句首或句中;as 位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。参考倒装结构 请注意下列句式的变化：例句 1.Although/Though I m young，I already know what career I want to follow.Young as/though I am，I already know wha

7、t career I want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。2.Although/Though I respect him very much，I cannot agree with his idea.Much as/though I respect him，I cannot agree with his idea.虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。3.Although/Though he is a child，he knows a lot of Chinese characters.Child（省略冠词）as/though he is，he kno

8、ws a lot of Chinese characters.他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。4.Although he tried，he couldn t solve the problem.Try as he might，he couldn t solve the problem.尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。5.Although it is raining，I m going out for a walk.Raining as it is，I m going out for a walk.天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。6.Strange as it may seem，nobod

9、y was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。7.Much as I would like to help，I have a lot to do.虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。8.Object as you may，I will go.纵使你反对，我也要去。句型 7 before 特殊用法（1）“没来得及就”例句 The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。He ran off before

10、I could stop him.我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。To my great disappointment，my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。句型 8 before 特殊用法（2）“过了多久才”或“动作进行到什么程度才”例句 They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.他们西行 50 英里才看到一个村庄。The

11、workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.工人们连续工作 3 天才使一切恢复正常。He almost knocked me down before he knew it.他几乎撞到我了才意识到。We had walked a long way before we found some water.我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。Five years went by before I knew it.不知不觉，五年过去了。句型 9 It was+时间段+before。“过了多

12、久才（怎么样）”It was not long before。“不久，就”It will（not）be+时间段+before。“要过多久（不久）才”（before 从句谓语动词要用一般时态）例句 It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。It was five days before he came back.五天后他才回来。It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.再过半年你才能毕业。It will not be

13、 long before they understand each other.他们大概不久就会互相了解。句型 10 in case of（+n.）“以防;万一”;in case that“以防，万一”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或 should+动词原形）例句 In case of fire，what should we do？Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget.万一我忘了，请提醒我。In case（that）John comes/should come，please tell him to wait.Please t

14、ake your umbrella in case（that it rains/should rain）。带上雨伞，以防下雨。句型 11 It 强调句型 强调句的基本构成：It is/was+被强调的部分+who（主要指人时）/that+其余部分 注意 1 这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型 15）。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用 It isthat/who。;原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用 It was that/who。;强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用 when，where 或 how，必须用 that。例句

15、 1 I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语）It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾

16、语）例句 2 He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.He didn t do his homework until his father came back from work.It wasn t until his father came back from work that he did his homework.例句 3 Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully re

17、alize how much you value him.It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。例句 4 I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late aga

18、in.（强调句中只能强调由 because 引导的原因状语从句，because 不能换成 since，as，for，now that 等）注意 2强调句的疑问结构 一般疑问句 Is/Was it+被强调部分+who/that？特殊疑问句 特 殊 疑 问 词+is/was+it+who/that？What is/was it that？Who is/was it that？When is/was it that？Where is/was it that？Why is/was it that？How is/was it that？例句 1 I saw him in the street yeste

19、rday afternoon.When was it that you saw him in the street？Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon？Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon？例句 2 I don t know when he will come back.I dont know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序）-How was it that you got in tou

20、ch with Mr.Smith？你是怎么和 Smith 先生联系上的？-Trough a friend of mine.通过一个朋友。句型 12（1）、祈使句（表条件）+or/or else/otherwise+主句（表结果）“否则，要不然”（2）、祈使句（表条件）+and+主句（表结果）例句 Hurry up，or you ll be late for class.Please call me up before you come，otherwise/or else/or we might be out.现在去寄信我到情愿你不是个知名演员这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起我情愿昨天没有看到她句

21、型主语好像表示现在或将来的情况用过去时表示过去的情况用过去完成时参考句型例句谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的句型宾语从 么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己句型通常不省略早就该例句该是我们为环保做些事情了我想她该拿定主意了句型情态动词动词不定式完成结构的用法本来可以表示过去没有实现的可能本来可能本来应该或可以做某事实际没有生含 时宁愿做了某事实际没有做过否定式表达相反意思两者都有表示后悔之意句型引导的让步状语从句注意位于句首位于句首或句中位于句中它的词序是把句中强调的形容词副词动词或名词放在连词前参考倒装结构请注意下列句式的变 你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。Think it over and

22、 you will find the answer.Give him an inch and he will take a mile.得寸进尺。Work hard and you will make progress every day.好好学习，天天向上。句型 13 until。“直到时候”;not until“直到才”例句 You are to stay until/till your mother comes back.你得等到你妈妈回来。The meeting was put off until ten o clock.会议推迟到十点钟。The villagers didn t rea

23、lize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装句）等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。He didn t go to bed until his mother came back.It was not until his mother came back that he went to

24、 bed.（强调句）Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed.句型 14 unless“除非，如果不”（=ifnot）例句 I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果不下雨，我明天去。-Shall Tom go and play football？-Not unless he has finis

25、hed his homework.除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。I won t go unless he comes to invite me himself.除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。I won t attend his birthday party unless invited（=unless I am invited）。除非被邀请，否则我不 去参加的生日晚会。句型 15 when 引导的从句 when 除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是 when 引导并列分句，意思是“这 时突然;就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生

26、。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语+be doing when 意思是“正在做某事这时”;（2）、主语+be about to do when;（3）、主语+be on the point of（doing）when 意思是“正要去做某事这时”例句 One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed.有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。I don t know when he will arrive.我不晓得他什么时候到达。I thought of t

27、he happy days when I was in Beijing.我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world.我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.我正在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。I was about to leave when it began to rain.我刚要离开，这时下雨了。I

28、 had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang，announcing the class was over.我刚做完作业，下课铃响了。I thought of the happy days when I was in France.我想到了在法国时那段快乐日子。I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world.我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会来临。比较 I was walking along the street when I cau

29、ght sight of a tailor s shop.我正在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。I was walking along the streets.Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor s shop.我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。句型 16 while 引导的从句 while 除了有“当/在时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while=although“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句;（2）while 的意思是“然而;可是”，常用来表达对比关系。例句 Wh

30、ile I admit that the problem is difficult，I don t think that they can t be solved.尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。While I was angry with her，I didn t lose my temper.虽然我很生气，但我当时没有对她发脾气。While I understand your viewpoint，I don t agree

31、 with you.虽然我了解你的见解，我还是不能同意（你）。I earn only 120 dollars a week，while she earns 180 dollars.我一星期只赚 120 美元，她却赚 180 美元。句型 17 where（地点从句）注意 where 引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用 in which，on which，at which，to which，from which 等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。例句 You should put the book wher

32、e it was.把书放回原处。Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事现在去寄信我到情愿你不是个知名演员这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起我情愿昨天没有看到她句型主语好像表示现在或将来的情况用过去时表示过去的情况用过去完成时参考句型例句谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的句型宾语从 么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己句型通常不省略早就该例句该是我们为环保做些事情了我想她该拿定主意了句型情态动词动词

33、不定式完成结构的用法本来可以表示过去没有实现的可能本来可能本来应该或可以做某事实际没有生含 时宁愿做了某事实际没有做过否定式表达相反意思两者都有表示后悔之意句型引导的让步状语从句注意位于句首位于句首或句中位于句中它的词序是把句中强调的形容词副词动词或名词放在连词前参考倒装结构请注意下列句式的变竟成。Where men are greedy，there is never peace.人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。Go where you should，keep on studying.无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。That is the building where my father work

34、s.那是我父亲工作的大楼。Yesterday I went to the department store，where I met my teacher.昨天我去百货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。That s where a change is needed.那就是需要变更的地方。We could see the runners very well from where we stood.从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。You should let your children play where you can see them.你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。Potatoe

35、s can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句 where 引导定语从句）有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。请比较下面的句子结构的不同 Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句 where 引导地点状语从句）句型 18 what 引导的从句 what 在英语中非常活跃，它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、

36、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。例句 What is the population of the world？世界的人口有多少？What did you pay for this picture？这幅画你付了多少钱？What is most important in life isn t money.人生最重要的并非是金钱。Will you show me what you bought？可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗？Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago.Mary已经不是 1

37、0 年前的她了。句型 19 as 引导的非限制性定语从句 在 as 引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词 as 在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know;as is well known to;as is often the case;as is said/mentioned above;as has been said before;as I told you before;as is evident;as often happens;as can be seen;as i

38、s/was expected;as we expect;as I can remember 等。注意 1 as 通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。注意 2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。注意 3 as 引导限制性定语从句时，常构成 the same as;such as;so/as as等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。例句 This is also part of your work，as I told you before.我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。The man was a teacher，as wa

39、s evident from his way of speaking.从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。Such ideas as he hits on are worthless.像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。It s the same story as I heard from her yesterday.这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。Such people as have made great contributions to the world should

40、be greatly respected.那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。句型 20 which 引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性定语从句）which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词 的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用 which，只指物。例句 Yellowstone National Park，which is in Wyoming，is one of the most beautiful na

41、tional parks in the world.黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。The clock，which my grandfather bought，is still in good order.这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。The picture，for which he paid an enormous amount of money，was a forgery.那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。She changed her mind again，which made us all angry.她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。I live

42、d three years in Paris，during which time I learned French.我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.天气结果转晴，这是我们没有预料到的。句型 21（1）、疑问词+ever whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however 用来引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter 和 what，who，which，when，where，how 连用

43、。例句 Whatever（=No matter what）may happen，we shall not lose hope.无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。Whatever reasons you（may）have，you should carry out a promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。Whoever（=No matter who）comes，he will be warmly welcome.无论谁来，都会受到热烈欢迎。Whenever（=No matter when）it happened，it was certainly not yesterday.现在去

44、寄信我到情愿你不是个知名演员这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起我情愿昨天没有看到她句型主语好像表示现在或将来的情况用过去时表示过去的情况用过去完成时参考句型例句谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的句型宾语从 么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己句型通常不省略早就该例句该是我们为环保做些事情了我想她该拿定主意了句型情态动词动词不定式完成结构的用法本来可以表示过去没有实现的可能本来可能本来应该或可以做某事实际没有生含 时宁愿做了某事实际没有做过否定式表达相反意思两者都有表示后悔之意句型引导的让步状语从句注意位于句首位于句首或句中位于句中它的词序是把句中强调的形容词副词动词或名词放在连词前参考倒装结构请注意下列句式

45、的变 此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。Whenever you（may）call，you will find her sitting by the window.无论什么时候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。Wherever（=No matter where）he went，he made friends with people.Whichever（=No matter which）of them you many choose，the quality will be the same.他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。However（=No matter how）hard I have t

46、ried，I can t find the answer.（2）、whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用 no matter+疑问词替换。例句 Take whichever you want.你要哪个就拿哪个。We will do whatever we can to help him out.我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。I ll show you whatever you want to see.你想看什么我就给你看什么。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。Whoev

47、er walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。You may invite whomever（口语中常用 whoever 代替）you like to the party.你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。Take whatever magazines you want to read.你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。倒装结构 句型 22 全倒装句型（一）here，there，out，in，up，down，now，then，away 等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装 例句 There goes the

48、bell！=The bell is ringing.铃响了！Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.汽车来了。Now comes your turn to make a short speech.该轮到你发言了。Away went the thief when he saw the police.Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.我们期盼的时候到了。注意（1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be动词，像 go，come，rush，live，stand，lie 等。（2）主语是人称代词时不要

49、倒装。如：Away he went.他走远了。句型 23 全倒装句型（二）表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;谓语动词多为 be，lie，stand，sit，come，walk，run，stop etc.不及物动词。例句 On a hill in front of them stands a great castle.在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。In front of the house stopped a police car.房子的全面停着一辆警车。Around the corner walks a young policeman.拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。Under the

50、tree sat a boy of about ten.在树下坐着一个大约 10 岁的男孩。句型 24 全倒装句型（三）（表语）adj./v-ing/v-ed+（地点状语）+be（或其他动词形式）So adj./adv that 如此以至于（so 引导的句子倒装，而 that 引导的句子不倒装！）（这种结构是半倒装句。）例句 Present at the meeting were the manager，all the designers and the writer.出席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。Fastened to the pole is the National flag.旗杆上有