2013西藏考研英语二真题及答案.pdf

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1、20132013 西藏考研英语二真题及答案西藏考研英语二真题及答案SectionSection I I UseUse ofof EnglishEnglishDirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing text.text.ChooseChoose thethe bestbest word(s)word(s)forfor eacheach numberednumberedblankblank andand markmark A,A,B,B,C C oror D D onon ANSWERANSWER SHEETSHEET 1.1

2、.(10(10 points)points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would movequickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically._1_,a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions of such a society have been _2_ for two deca

3、des but have not yetcome to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic meansof payment“would soon revolutionize the very _3_ of money itself,”only to_4_ itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society beenso _5_ in coming?Although e-money might be more

4、 convenient and may be more efficient than apayments system based on paper,several factors work _6_ the disappearance ofthe paper system.First,it is very _7_ to set up the computer,card reader,and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the _8_ formof payment.Second,paper chec

5、ks have the advantage that they _9_ receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to _10_.Third,the use of paperchecks gives consumers several days of float-it takes several days _11_ a checkis cashed and funds are _12_ from the issuers account,which means that thewriter of the check can earn

6、 interest on the funds in the meantime._13_electronic payments are immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment _14_ security and privacy concerns.We often hearmedia reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer databaseand to alter

7、information _15_ there.Because this is not an _16_ occurrence,unscrupulous persons might be ableto access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and _17_ funds by movingthem from someone elses accounts into their own.The _18_ of this type of fraudis no easy task,and a whole new field of comput

8、er science has developed to _19_security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of paymentleaves an electronic _20_ that contains a large amount of personal data on buyinghabits.There are worries that government,employers,and marketers might be ableto access these data,thereby

9、encroaching on our privacy.1.A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise2.A off B back C over D around3.A power B concept C history D role4.A reward B resist C resume D reverse5.A silent B sudden C slow D steady6.A for B against Cwith D on7.A imaginative B expensive C sensitive D productive8.A simi

10、lar B original C temporary D dominant9.A collect B provide C copy D print10.A give up B take over C bring back D pass down11.A before B after C since D when12.A kept B borrowed C released D withdrawn13.A Unless B Until C Because D Though14.A hide B express C raise Dease15.A analyzed B shared C store

11、d D displayed16.A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear17.A steal B choose C benefit D return18.A consideration B prevention C manipulation D justification19.A cope with B fight against C adapt to D call for20.A chunk B chip C path D trailSectionSection IIII ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehensi

12、onPartPart A ADirections:Directions:ReadRead thethe followingfollowing fourfour texts.texts.AnswerAnswer thethe questionsquestions afterafter eacheach texttextbyby choosingchoosing A,A,B,B,C C oror D.D.MarkMark youryour answersanswers onon ANSWERANSWER SHEETSHEET 1.1.(40(40 points)points)Text 1In an

13、 essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relatesa joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog.The man is there tofeed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidsons

14、article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appearedmaking the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment anddeclining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in bothglobalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly tha

15、never replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn anaverage lifestyle,But,today,average is officially over.Being average just wont earn you what it used to.It cant when so many more employers have so much moreaccess to so mu

16、ch more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheapsoftware,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find theirextra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is theirfield of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and a

17、lways will.But theres been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.There will always be ch

18、anged-new jobs,new products,new services.But the onething we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better educationto make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many

19、 things we need todo to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kindof G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access topoet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_A the impact of technological advancesB the

20、alleviation of job pressureC the shrinkage of textile millsD the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3,to be a successful employee,one has to_A work on cheap softwareB ask for a moderate salaryC adopt an average lifestyleD contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph

21、 4 explains that _A gains of technology have been erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is_A to accelerate the I.T.revol

22、utionB to ensure more education for peopleC ro advance economic globalizationD to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes EffectB Technology Goes CheapC Average Is OverD Recession Is BadText 2A century ago,the immi

23、grants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers andsojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the UnitedStates came those who had no intention to stay,and 7millin people arrived whileabout 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for exanmle,eventua

24、lly returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide nemcomers into twocategories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or our broken immigrantion system an

25、d the long political paralysis over how to fixit.We dont need more categories,but we need to change the way we think aboutcategories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the grayareas.We might t

26、hen begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-care aides and physicists are among todays birds of passage.They areenergetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money andideas.They prefer to come a

27、nd go as opportunity calls them,They can manage tohave a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identitieswith ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can beproductive for a while without committing themse

28、lves to staying forever.We needthem to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to twonations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes onboth sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of rightor wrong m

29、eans opening up the middle ground and understanding that managingimmigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some thatare not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26“Birds of passage”refers to those who_A immigrate across the Atlantic.B leave their home cou

30、ntries for good.C stay in a foregin temporaily.D find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US_A needs new immigrant categories.B has loosened control over immigrants.C should be adopted to meet challenges.D has been fixeed via political

31、means.28 According to the author,todays birds of passage want_A fiancial incentives.B a global recognition.C opportunities to get regular jobs.D the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _A as faithful partners.B with economic favors.C wit

32、h legal tolerance.D as mighty rivals.30 which of the best title for the passage?A come and go:big mistake.B living and thriving:great risk.C with or without:great risk.D legal or illegal:big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if wetake a moment and t

33、hink about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or eveneliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whethersomeone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.

34、But we need more time to assess other factors.To accuratelytell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferablyfive.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticismor open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusiv

35、e to theinterpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewinga fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fastfood with speed and impatience and carry those imp

36、ulses into whatever else were doing,Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piecelasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumerproducts or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good salesrepresentatives and real est

37、ate agents are always smiling),we can take a momentbefore buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractivefemale applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outsidescreeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”informati

38、on reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will staytogether,he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation;twodays,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pa

39、using is what differentiatesus from animals:doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a fewminutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplatingthe longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasnt changedour nature.We still have the

40、imaginative capacity to rise above temptation andreverse the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may_.A vary according to the urgency of the situationB prove the complexity of our brain reactionC depend on the importance of the assessmentD predetermine the accuracy of our judgmen

41、t32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions_.A can be associativeB are not unconsciousC can be dangerousD are not impulsive33.Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_.A trust our first impressionB do as people usually doC think before we actD ask for expert a

42、dvice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on_.A critical assessmentB thin sliced studyC sensible explanationD adequate information35.The authors attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is_.A tolerantB uncertainC optimisticD doubtfulText4Europe is not a gender-equality he

43、aven.In particular,the corporate workplacewill never be completely familyfriendly until women are part of senior managementdecisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelminglymale.indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is

44、 now considering legislation to compel corporate boards tomaintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate wasborn of frustration.Last year,Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Redingissued a call to voluntary action.Reding invited corporations to sign up for genderb

45、alance goal of 40 percent female board membership.But her appeal was considereda failure:only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladderfairy as they balance work and family?“Personally,I dont like quotas,”Reding said recently.“But i lik

46、e whatthe quotas do.”Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they breakthrough the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result seen in France and othercountries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding s reluctance-and her frustration

47、.I don t like quotas either;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,government by the capable.But,whenone considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look asif a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations i

48、n Europeas the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position no matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.When women do break throughto the summit of corporate power-as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did atFacebookthey attract massive attention precisely be

49、cause they remain theexception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women-whether CEOsor their childrens caregivers-and all families,Sandberg would be no morenewsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate work

50、place,generally_.A women take the leadB men have the final sayC corporate governance is overwhelmedD senior management is family-friendly37.The European Unions intended legislation is _.A a reflection of gender balanceB a reluctant choiceC a response to Redings callD a voluntary action38.According t