被动语态的讲解_专项练习及参考答案_中学教育-高考英语.pdf

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1、被动语态全解 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词 2.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 3.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词 4.一般将来时的被动语态：will be+动词的过去分词 5.现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+doing+动词的过去分词 6.过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+doing+动词的过去分词 7.现在完成时的被动语态：have/ha

2、s+been+动词的过去分词 8.过去完成时的被动语态：had+been+动词的过去分词 9.过去将来时的被动语态：would/should+be+动词的过去分词 二被动语态的基本用法:(1)需要强调动作的承受者时 The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now.(2)不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.The problem is dealt wi

3、th now.(3)当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that she was a beauty when she was young.三主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变 be done,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。四、语态转换不被动语态的步骤 1,把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语 2,把动词改为被动语态形式即 be+过去分词。3,原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在 by 的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为 by 是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)

4、以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4,其它成分不变 5,被动语态中 by+宾语 的省略 被动语态句式中的 by+宾语 表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者 by+宾语 常常被省略。(1)动作执行者不确定时 Paper is made from wood.Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year.(2)不必表明动作执行者时 English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official langua

5、ges Football is played in most schools。(3)动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+was/were+过去分词+by It was made in Beijing Renai Education Institute.(2)否定式:主语+was/were+not+过去分词+by She was not given a paniting by him.This question was not discussed at the

6、meeting yesterday.(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+过去分词+by?Was it made of bamboo?(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+过去分词+by What was is made of?教你一招 如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用 do/does,被动语态用 is/am/are 态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语

7、态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用 did,被动语态用 was/were.由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1)肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her

8、 bedroom-Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary at once-A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2)否定式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+by You must not take out any books.-Any books mustnt be taken out by you.They neednt look after the little child-The little child neednt be looked af

9、ter(by them)(3)疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+by Can you use it?-Can it be used?常见的情态动词有:can,may,ought to,must,dare,need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1,当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker.2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting.四特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾

10、)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to/for 间宾连。1).give/pass/show 与介词 to 搭配。give sb sth sb+be given sth 或 sth+be given+to sb.2).buy/make/cook 与介词 for 搭配。buy sb sth sb+be bought+sth 或 sth+be bought+for sb He gave me a book I _ _ a book by him.A book _ _ _ me by him.My mother made me a cake.I _ _ a cake by my mother

11、 A cake _ _ _ me by my mother.2.带省 to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+sb+do sth.口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to 来 to 去记心怀，主动语态 to 离去被动语态 to 回来。动词：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch make sb do sth-sb+be+made+to do sth The boss made the workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doing sth

12、句型中变被动语态时 doing 不变。态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要

13、就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟I heard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now.4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old.The old should _ _ _ _.五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last,have,own.belong to,suitfine,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,take place,appear,hold(容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,s

14、ound,smell,taste.The dish tastes good.4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well,write well,ride well,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need 表示需要时，后面常接 doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于 to be done.All the computers need repairing.=All the computers need _ _ _.6.在 tooto 及 enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to

15、solve.（一）一、单项选择()1.Do you often clean your classroom?Yes.Our classroom _ every day.A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning()2.A talk on developments in science and technology_in the school hall next week.A.given B.will be given C.has been given D.give()3.His new book_ next month.A.will be publis

16、hed B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published()4.Did you go to Jacks birthday party?No,I_.A.am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.didnt invite()5.Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework_,you can.态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动

17、词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟A.is done B.was done C.does D.did()6.Twenty year olds shoul

18、d not_to drive in China.A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.()7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what_.A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.()8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought _in 1999.A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.()9.Tree

19、s and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful.A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.()10.Chinas sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang_Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.()11.The earth is our home.It _well

20、.A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected.()12.In recent years,many children are made _ what they are not_.A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested.()13._a new library_in your school last year?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;bui

21、lt.()14.An accident_on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.()15.Cotten _in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow.()16.So far,the moon_by man already.态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过

22、去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited.()17.How many t

23、rees _this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted.()18.A lot of things _by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done.()19.Neither of them _ in China A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.()20.Look!A nice picture_for our te

24、acher.A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws.()21.Your shoes_.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn.()22.The doctor_for yet.A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent.()23 When _this kind of computer_?Last year.A.did;use B.was;used C.is;use

25、d D.are;used()24.The Great Wall_about all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known.()25.I_in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.()26.He says that Mr Zhang_to the factory next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent.()27.Who _this book_?A.did;written B.was;w

26、ritten by C.do;written D.was;written()28.Mary _show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to 态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执

27、行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟()29.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us()30.The monkey was seen_out of the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump（二）二、单项选

28、择 1()1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1,1949.A.found B.was founded C.is founded D.was found()2 English _ in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is spoken()3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A.often sings B.often sang C.is often sang D.is often sung()4 This kind of car

29、 _ in Japan.A,makes B.made C.is making D.is made()5 New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used 2()1 Our room must _ clean.A.keep B.be kept C.to be kept D.to keep()2-Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._.A.it sold B.its selling C.Its been sold D.it had been sold()3

30、 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been built D.be building()4 The key _ on the table when I leave.态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时

31、不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟A.was left B.will be left C.is left D.has been left()5 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A.need B.are needing C.are needed D.will need 3()1 Japanese _ in

32、every country.A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D.is not speaking()2 These papers_yet.A.have not written B.have not been written C.has not written D.has not been written()3 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt 4()1-My shoes are worn out.-_.A.Cant they be

33、mended?B.Let me have a look at it.C.How much do they cost?D.Cant they mended?()2 _ the watch been repaired yet?I badly need it.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are()3 _ these desks be needed?A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do 5()1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A.didnt a meeting hold B.wasnt a meeting held C.wasnt held a

34、 meeting D.a meeting wasnt held()2 Who was the book_?A.write B.wrote C.written D.written by()3 Where _ these boxes made?A.was B.were C.is D.am 态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作

35、的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟6()1 The flowers_often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water()2 The books may_ for two weeks.A.be kept B.be borrowed C.keep D.bo

36、rrow()3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A.can mend B.can mended C.can be mend D.can be mended 7()1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will rebuilt C.are going to be rebuilt D.are going to rebuilt()2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A.is going to be shown B.wi

37、ll shown C.will show D.is shown()3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A.is going to be rebuilt B.will be rebuild C.are going to be rebuilt D.will rebuild 8()1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A.have kept B.are keeping C.have been keeping D.have been kept()2 The pot _ for _ hot water

38、.A.used;keeping B.was used;keepingC.is used;to keep D.are used;keep()3 Tea _ in the south of China.A.grows B.is grown C.were grown D.will grow()4 The bridges_ two years ago.A.is built B.built C.were built D.was built()5 Wet clothes are often_up near a fire in rainy weather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging

39、D.hung 态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形

40、式出现因为是介词后面需跟9()1 The river smells terrible.People must _ dirty things into it.A.be stopped to throw B.be stopped from throwing C.stop to throw D.stop from throwing()2 The teapot _ water.A.is filled with B.filled of C.fulling of D.filled()3 Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A.speak

41、to B.spoken C.speak D.spoken to()4 Old people must _.A.look after well B.be looked well after C.looked well after D.be looked after well 10()1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care()2 They were_ at the sudden noise.A.frighte

42、ning B.frightened C.frighten D.frightens()3 These walls_stones.A.are made of B.made of C.are made into D.made into 11()1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A.called B.was asked C.told D.was said()2 The papers _ to them.A.were shown B.show C.shown/D.have shown()3 The coat_her sister.A.m

43、ade to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to 12()1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观

44、时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟A.gave B.was giving C.had given D.was given()2 Good care_such things.A.should take of B.should be taken C.should be taking D.should be taken of()3 She will_good care_.A.take;of B.be t

45、aken;of C.take;for you D.be taken;of you 13()1 The teacher made him_ his homework.A.to do B.do C.did D.done()2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A.was made to clean B.made clean C.made to clean D.was made clean()3 These children_dance.A.were seen to B.were seen for C.were seen D.saw to 14

46、()1 These stones_well.A.are fitted B.fit C.fits D.is fitted()2 The bike _ 500 yuan.A.was cost B.costed C.cost D.is costed()3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A.was had B.was held C.held D.had 15()1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A.took place B.have taken place C.wer

47、e taking place D.had taken place()2 You cant use the computer,it_.A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down()3 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.态表示主语是动作的承受者只有及物动词才能用于被动语态被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态动词的过去分词情态动词的被动语态情态动词动词的过去分词一般过去时的被动语态动词的过去分词一般将来时的被动语态动词的过 的过去分词过去完成时的被动语态动词的过

48、去分词过去将来时的被动语态动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法需要强调动作的承受者时不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时当说话人需要强调客观时三主动语态变被动语态的变法口 语与谓语在单复数上保持一致四语态转换不被动语态的步骤把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语把动词改为被动语态形式即过去分词原来主动语态句子中的主语如果需要就放在的后面以它的宾格形式出现因为是介词后面需跟A.have happened B.happened C.have been happened D.were happened()4 The watch has often _ down.A.sat B.lain C.broken

49、D.fell 16()1 Please pass me another cup.This one_.A.is broken B.is breaking C.broke D.broken()2 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.A.are written B.were written C.are writing D.were writing()3 What time _ the door _ every day?A.does;closed B.does;close C.is;closed D./;close 17()1 Can he_ him

50、self?A.get dress B.get dressed C.gets dressed D.instead of()2 He fell from his bike and _.A.is hurt B.gets hurt C.got hurt D.hurt()3 Lookout,please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will_.A.burnt B.burn C.burning D.get burnt 18()1 The apple_very sweet.A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tastin