专四语法虚拟语气_外语学习-语法 .pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 二,虚拟语气.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气.基本形式 if 从句 主句 与现在相反 过去时（were）would/could/should/might+do 与过去相反 过去完成时 would/could/should/might+have done 与将来相反 were to would/could/should/might+do should/could should 也可以引导一个条件句,但所假设的事一般不会发生，且后面的主句（一般为祈使句）不能倒装。.倒装：如果条件句中的谓语动词含有 were,should,had时，可以省略 if，把三个词放在主语之前构成倒装，如果句

2、子是否定句，not 不跟着提前。Eg.If he had come a little earlier,I might have met him.Had he come a little earlier,I might have met him.If he were to leave tomorrow,I would go with go with him.Were he to leave tomorrow,I would go with him.错综时间的虚拟条件状语 Eg.If I had studied hard,I would be in a very comfortable offic

3、e now.If you were older,I would have let you go yesterday.含蓄的虚拟条件状语从句：无 if 从句的出现，用其他形式表示出学习必备 欢迎下载 虚拟的意义，常见的词和词组：without,in the absence of,Otherwise,but for,but Eg.Without your help,I couldnt have done it well.If you had not helped me,I couldnt have done it well.In the absence of water,plants couldn

4、t grow well.If there were no water,plants couldnt grow well.He was held up in the traffic,otherwise,he wouldnt have been late If he hadnt been held up in the traffic,he couldnt have been late.But for the rain,our trip would have been pleasant.But for the rain,we would have a pleasant trip.If it hadn

5、t rain,we would have a pleasant trip.I could have written the paper before,but I was still.II.其他状语从句中的定语从句.让步状语从句 在 whethe ror，though,no matter等引导的状语从句中，谓语经常用 should/may+v.原，在这个句型中，可以将 whether 省略（or不可省），though，no matter省略，再省略 should 和 may，而把动词 be 放在主语前面，构成倒装 Eg.Everything around us,whether it may be

6、/should be air,or water,or stone,is matter.Everything around us,be it air or water,or stone,is matter.成时与将来相反也可以引导一个条件句但所假设的事一般不会发生且后面的主句一般为祈使句不能倒装倒装如果条件句中的谓语动词含有时可以省略把三个词放在主语之前构成倒装如果句子是否定句不跟着提前错综时间的虚拟条件状语从句中的定语从句让步状语从句在等引导的状语从句中谓语经常用原在这个句型中可以将省略不可省省略再省略和而把动词放在主语前面构成倒装学习必备欢迎下载在引导的原因状语从句中从句经常用原表示虚拟其中

7、可用陈述与现在或将来的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反学习必备欢迎下载在否定句和疑问句中经常用虚拟语气来表示惊喜或疑惑名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中包学习必备 欢迎下载 Though he should/may be too weak to walk too much,I will advise him to walk a little every day.Be he too weak to walk too much,I will advise him to walk a little every day.在 lest,in cas

8、e,for fear that引导的原因状语从句中，从句经常用 should+v.原表示虚拟，其中 in case可用陈述语气。Eg.Here is some money in case you(should)need it.The man escaped to another country for fear that he(should)be caught by the policeman.She obeyed her husband in everything lest he(should)be angry.在 so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中，从句一般用

9、could/should/might+v原 Eg.She stood away so that he could enter.They went to the seaside in summer in order that they could enjoy their holiday together.III.虚拟语气中的特殊情况 It is high/about time that+(过去时)是该做 would rather that+从句;as if/though如果后面用的是过去时，表示与现在或将来的事实相反，如果加的是过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果加的是过去完成时，表示与过去的

10、事实相反。Eg.I would rather that you had not been so rude to her in the past.成时与将来相反也可以引导一个条件句但所假设的事一般不会发生且后面的主句一般为祈使句不能倒装倒装如果条件句中的谓语动词含有时可以省略把三个词放在主语之前构成倒装如果句子是否定句不跟着提前错综时间的虚拟条件状语从句中的定语从句让步状语从句在等引导的状语从句中谓语经常用原在这个句型中可以将省略不可省省略再省略和而把动词放在主语前面构成倒装学习必备欢迎下载在引导的原因状语从句中从句经常用原表示虚拟其中可用陈述与现在或将来的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去

11、的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反学习必备欢迎下载在否定句和疑问句中经常用虚拟语气来表示惊喜或疑惑名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中包学习必备 欢迎下载 I would rather you did nothing for the time being.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were broken.believe,think,except在否定句和疑问句中经常用虚拟语气来表示惊喜或疑惑。eg.How can you believe that the new stadium sh

12、ould be so big?I never except that he should know so much about it?IV.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 名词性从句中包括主语,宾语,表语和同位语从句.宾语从句：I suggest/request/demand/order/insist/recommend/propose/require/desire that .主语从句中的虚拟语气 a.It is suggested that b.It is important/essential/necessary/urgent/possible/strange that(should)do Eg

13、.It is essential that we should work hard.c.It is a must/a pity/a shame thatshould+v.原 Eg.It is a must that we should finish the work in 2 days It is a pity that we should have finished the simple work in 2 days.表语从句：My suggestion is that we(should)go at once.同位语从句：The professor gave orders that the

14、 test should be finished before half past ten.成时与将来相反也可以引导一个条件句但所假设的事一般不会发生且后面的主句一般为祈使句不能倒装倒装如果条件句中的谓语动词含有时可以省略把三个词放在主语之前构成倒装如果句子是否定句不跟着提前错综时间的虚拟条件状语从句中的定语从句让步状语从句在等引导的状语从句中谓语经常用原在这个句型中可以将省略不可省省略再省略和而把动词放在主语前面构成倒装学习必备欢迎下载在引导的原因状语从句中从句经常用原表示虚拟其中可用陈述与现在或将来的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反学

15、习必备欢迎下载在否定句和疑问句中经常用虚拟语气来表示惊喜或疑惑名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中包学习必备 欢迎下载 that 引导的同位语从句与 that 引导的定语从句的区别 This is the book that I bought.1.在同位语从句中，that 前面的名词往往是一个抽象名词，在定语从句中，that 前面的名词既可是抽象名词也可是具体名词。2.看 that 在从句中是否充当成分。that 在定语从句中充当主语和宾语成分，在同位语从句中的 that 不充当任何成分。3.看 that 引导的从句与前面名词的关系，在定语从句中 that 与名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，在同位语从

16、句中 that 与名词是平等关系。成时与将来相反也可以引导一个条件句但所假设的事一般不会发生且后面的主句一般为祈使句不能倒装倒装如果条件句中的谓语动词含有时可以省略把三个词放在主语之前构成倒装如果句子是否定句不跟着提前错综时间的虚拟条件状语从句中的定语从句让步状语从句在等引导的状语从句中谓语经常用原在这个句型中可以将省略不可省省略再省略和而把动词放在主语前面构成倒装学习必备欢迎下载在引导的原因状语从句中从句经常用原表示虚拟其中可用陈述与现在或将来的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反如果加的是过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反学习必备欢迎下载在否定句和疑问句中经常用虚拟语气来表示惊喜或疑惑名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中包