B1U1P3GrammarPPT课件.ppt

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1、 Direct&IndirectSpeech statements and questionsUnit 1 Grammar当我们想引述别人说的话时有当我们想引述别人说的话时有两种表达方式：直接引述别人两种表达方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。下面我们就直接引语和间语。下面我们就直接引语和间接引语进行详细的讲解。接引语进行详细的讲解。T:Whatdidyoueatthismorning?S1:IateT:WhatdidS1say,S2?S2:S1saidhe/shehadeatendirectspeech

2、indirectspeechShesaid,“ChinahasbeenusingPSAs(公益广告公益广告)toeducatepeople.”ShesaidChinahadbeenusingPSAstoeducatepeople.indirectspeechdirectspeechWhatrethedifferencesbetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech?DifferencesdirectspeechindirectspeechToreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaidThewordsusuallyappearinquotationmar

3、ksToreportthemeaningofwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwordsNoquotationmarksHowtochangedirectspeechintoindirectspeech?a.Changewhathasbeensaidtoanb.objectclauseoraninfinitivephrase;b.Changepersonalpronouns;c.Changetenses;d.Changeadverbialsoftimeandplace;e.Othercases.Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidt

4、hathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“Iveleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.b.Change personal pronouns:Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.DirectspeechIndirectspeechDirectspeechIndirectspeechSimplepresentSimplefuturePresentcontinuousPastperfectSimplepastPresentp

5、erfectcontinuousPresentperfectPastcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectFutureinthepastPastperfectPastperfectcon-tinuousc.The changes of the tensesSimplepastHesaid,“Ilostakeyhereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore/thepreviousday.“Ireadthebookhereaweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatsheha

6、dreadthebookthereaweekbefore.d.Change adverbials of time and placeDirectspeechIndirectspeechnowthentodaythatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.nextweektheweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.lastyeartheyearbefore

7、/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekago aweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.DirectspeechIndirectspeechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee.Other casesShesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted that.MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomor

8、row.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.2.经常的习惯：经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopac

9、kseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarendedin1945.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：等：Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatImusthurryup.1.转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Hesaid,“

10、ImgoingtoBeijing.”HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题转述他人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句解题步骤解题步骤:1.陈述句陈述句:“Idontlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriends thatIdontlikecomputers.tolddidntsh

11、eSarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidntlikecomputers.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimif itwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.Tomsaid(that)therewasntanytroub

12、leandthathewaswaitingforhischange.注意注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时列时,仅能省略第一个仅能省略第一个that,其余的不其余的不能省略。能省略。Tomsaid,“ThereisntanytroubleandImwaitingformychange(零钱零钱).”3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhim whenyouharvestthewheatyou harvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhe

13、nhe harvestedthewheat.harvested直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)陈陈述句述句Janesaid,“Imveryfondoftraveling.”一般疑一般疑问问句句“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”askedJohn.that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.whether/if引引导导的的宾宾语语从句从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)特殊疑特殊疑

14、问问句句“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.祈使句祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Dontleaveyourpost.”wh-词词引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.不定式不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)Lets开开头头的祈使句的祈使句Isaidtohim,“Letsstartatonce.”感感叹叹句句Hesaid:“HowhappyIa

15、m!”that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.that/what/how引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,有有时时会引起会引起时态时态的的变变化化,注意以下几个方面。注意以下几个方面。直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为动词为一般一般现现在在时时或或现现在完成在完成时时Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalun

16、derthelaw.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:一般一般现现在在时时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般一般过过去去时时Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词

17、时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:现在完成时现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherbefore.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接

18、引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:现在完成进现在完成进行时行时Hesaid,“Ihavebeendoingitforhours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Hesaidhehadbeendoingitforhours.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:一般过去时一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hes

19、aid.过去完成时过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:过去进行时过去进行时“IwaswaitingforJim,”shesaid.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时ShesaidshehadbeenwaitingforJim.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态语时态为为:从句从句动词动词

20、时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态时态变为变为:过去完成时过去完成时“DoyouknowRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.过去完成时过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引语时态为语时态为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句时态变为时态变为:一般将来时一般将来时Hesaid,“Weshallstarttomorrow.”

21、过去将来时过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.Ilookedthatday单选单选单选单选2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerew

22、alkingthenD.theywalkingnow3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrow

23、D.hewouldthenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.whathehadheardaweekbeforeC.whathehadherdaweekagoD.ifheheardawee

24、kago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere_holidays.A.shespentherB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyh

25、aventyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy_yet.A.IhadntleftthereB.IhaventlefthereC.hadntIleftthereD.haventIlefthere10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.A.ifriseB.ifrisesC.whetherroseD.whetherdidrise1.Alicesaid,“Ivejustgotaletterfrommyfather.”Alicesaidthat_jus

26、tgotaletterfrom_father.2.JaneaskedDick,“Haveyoufinishedwritingthereport?”JaneaskedDick_writingthereport.sheherhad根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。间接引语，每空一词。whether/ifhefinishedhad3.“Dontgrowplantsinthesameplaceyearafteryear,”thefarmersaid.Thefarmer_me_plantsinthesameplaceyearafteryear.4.Mr.

27、Smithsaidtothegirl,“IwillcomeheretoseeyounextSunday.”Mr.Smith_thegirlthat_theretosee_Sunday.toldnot togrowtoldhewouldgoherthenext根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直接引语，每空一词。直接引语，每空一词。1.Hetoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.He_me,“Afriendinneed_afriendindeed.”2.Hesaidthathelikedthefilmverymuch.Hesai

28、d,“_thefilmverymuch.”saidistoIlike3.Shesaidthatshehadreceivedalettertwodaysbefore.Shesaid,“_aletter_.”4.HeaskedmewhetherIlikedblackteaorgreentea.Heaskedme,“_blackteaorgreentea?”ItwodaysagoDoyoulikereceived把下列的句子变成间接引语。把下列的句子变成间接引语。1.“ImleavingforLondonnextweek,”mysistersaidtome.2.Johnsaid,“Mr.Smithh

29、ascomehere.”3.Shesaid,“Doyouwantmetohelpyou?”JohnsaidthatMr.Smithhadgonethere.MysistertoldmethatshewasleavingforLondonthenextweek.SheaskedwhetherIwantedhertohelpme.4.“Didthemanintheshopunderstandhimatlast?”shesaid.5.“Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?”heaskedtheboy.6.“Dontworry,”themothersaidtothechildren.Sheaskedwhetherthemanintheshopunderstoodhimatlast.Heaskedtheboyhowmanypeopletherewereinhisfamily.Themothertoldthechildrennottoworry.